scholarly journals Weekly and Daily Tooth Brushing by Care Staff Reduces Gingivitis and Calculus in Racing Greyhounds

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1869
Author(s):  
Nicola J. Rooney ◽  
Katharine L. Wonham ◽  
Katherine S. McIndoe ◽  
Rachel A. Casey ◽  
Emily J. Blackwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Time Commitment ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Calculated Average

Periodontal disease is one of the most common conditions affecting dogs worldwide and is reported to be particularly prevalent in racing greyhounds. A range of potential risk factors have been hypothesised. Previous research has suggested that regular tooth brushing can reduce both calculus and gingivitis, but the frequency required is unclear. Here, we report a controlled blinded in situ trial, in which kennel staff brushed 160 racing greyhounds’ teeth (living at six kennel establishments), either weekly, daily or never over a two-month period. All of the visible teeth were scored for calculus and gingivitis, using previously validated scales. We calculated average scores for each of the three teeth groups and overall whole mouth scores, averaging the teeth groups. Changes were compared to the baseline. After two months, the total calculus scores (controlling for baseline) were significantly different in the three treatment groups, (F(2,129) = 10.76, p < 0.001) with both weekly and daily brushing resulting in significant reductions. Gingivitis was also significantly different between groups (F(2,128) = 4.57, p = 0.012), but in this case, only daily brushing resulted in a significant reduction. Although the dogs in different kennels varied significantly in their levels of both calculus (F(5,129) = 8.64, p < 0.001) and gingivitis (F(5,128) = 3.51 p = 0.005), the intervention was similarly effective in all of the establishments. The teeth groups varied, and the incisors were not significantly affected by the treatment. Since the trainers implementing the routine, reported a minimal time commitment and positive experiences, we suggest that daily brushing is recommended for racing greyhounds, and that any instructions or demonstrations should include attention to all teeth groups including the incisors. Similar trials need to be conducted with retired greyhounds since these have been shown to present particularly high levels of periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Reasons for Tooth Extractions and Related Risk Factors in Adult Patients: A Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2575
Author(s):  
Pier Carmine Passarelli ◽  
Stefano Pagnoni ◽  
Giovan Battista Piccirillo ◽  
Viviana Desantis ◽  
Michele Benegiamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Practice Methods ◽  
Tooth Extractions

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate oral status, the reasons for tooth extractions and related risk factors in adult patients attending a hospital dental practice. Methods: 120 consecutive patients ranging from 23 to 91 years in age (mean age of 63.3 ± 15.8) having a total of 554 teeth extracted were included. Surveys about general health status were conducted and potential risk factors such as smoking, diabetes and age were investigated. Results: a total of 1795 teeth were missing after extraction procedures and the mean number of remaining teeth after the extraction process was 16.8 ± 9.1 per patient. Caries (52.2%) was the most common reason for extraction along with periodontal disease (35.7%). Males were more prone to extractions, with 394 of the teeth extracted out of the total of 554 (71.1%). Male sex (β = 2.89; 95% CI 1.26, 4.53; p = 0.001) and smoking habit (β = 2.95; 95% CI 1.12, 4.79; p = 0.002) were related to a higher number of teeth extracted. Age (β = −0.24; 95% CI −0.31, −0.16; p < 0.001) and diabetes (β = −4.47; 95% CI −7.61, −1.33; p = 0.006) were related to a higher number of missing teeth at evaluation time. Moreover, periodontal disease was more common as a reason of extraction among diabetic patients than among non-diabetic ones (p = 0.04). Conclusions: caries and periodontal disease were the most common causes of extraction in a relatively old study population: further screening strategies might be required for the early interception of caries and periodontal disease.

Outcomes of modular femoral revision implants and the effect of component design on subsidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 102-B (6) ◽  
pp. 709-715
Author(s):  
Karam R. Abdelsamie ◽  
Ibrahim Elhawary ◽  
Hesham Ali ◽  
Mohamed Ali ◽  
Mohamed EL-Shafie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Femoral Revision ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Component Design ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Comparative Cohort Study ◽  
Oxford Hip Score ◽  
Hip Arthroplasties

Aims Femoral revision component subsidence has been identified as predicting early failure in revision hip surgery. This comparative cohort study assessed the potential risk factors of subsidence in two commonly used femoral implant designs. Methods A comparative cohort study was undertaken, analyzing a consecutive series of patients following revision total hip arthroplasties using either a tapered-modular (TM) fluted titanium or a porous-coated cylindrical modular (PCM) titanium femoral component, between April 2006 and May 2018. Clinical and radiological assessment was compared for both treatment cohorts. Risk factors for subsidence were assessed and compared. Results In total, 65 TM and 35 PCM cases were included. At mean follow-up of seven years (1 to 13), subsidence was noted in both cohorts during the initial three months postoperatively (p < 0.001) then implants stabilized. Subsidence noted in 58.7% (38/65 cases) of the TM cohort (mean 2.3 mm, SD 3.5 mm) compared to 48.8% (17/35) of PCM cohort (mean 1.9 mm, SD 2.6 mm; p = 0.344). Subsidence of PCM cohort were significantly associated with extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO) (p < 0.041). Although the ETO was used less frequently in PCM stem cohort (7/35), subsidence was noted in 85% (6/7) of them. Significant improvement of the final mean Oxford Hip Score (OHS) was reported in both treatment groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion Both modular TM and PCM revision femoral components subsided within the femur. TM implants subsided more frequently than PCM components if the femur was intact but with no difference in clinical outcomes. However, if an ETO is performed then a PCM component will subside significantly more and suggests the use of a TM implant may be advisable. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(6):709–715.

Effect of Prophylactic Phenobarbital on Intraventricular Hemorrhage in High-Risk Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-439
Author(s):  
Mary P. Bedard ◽  
Seetha Shankaran ◽  
Thomas L. Slovis ◽  
Alfonso Pantoja ◽  
Bimleshwar Dayal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk Infants

Forty-two premature infants less than 24 hours of age, with normal admission echoencephalograms, were randomly assigned to control or phenobarbital treatment groups. Infants in the treated group received two loading doses of 10 mg/kg of phenobarbital 12 hours apart, followed by a maintenance dose of 2.5 mg/kg every 12 hours for 6 days. Serial echoencephalograms were obtained in both groups. The groups were comparable with regard to birth weight, gestational age, and potential risk factors for subependymal-intraventricular hemorrhage. Ten infants (48%) in each group developed hemorrhage. The hemorrhages in the phenobarbital-treated group were significantly less severe than those in the control group. The phenobarbital-treated infants who bled, however, were also significantly larger and more mature than control infants who bled. The results of this study indicate no effect of phenobarbital on the incidence of subependymal-intraventricular hemorrhage, but a possible beneficial effect on the severity of hemorrhage.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Periodontal Disease among Pregnant Women in a Rural Area of China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqi Chen ◽  
Yi Su ◽  
Xu Xiong ◽  
Jinxiang Peng ◽  
Xiaoling Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Oral Health Care ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Jiangxi Province

Abstract BackgroundPeriodontal disease is one of the most important common oral diseases contributing to the global burden of chronic disease. Systematic reviews have demonstrated that poor periodontal condition during pregnancy was significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight, preeclampsia, etc. Oral health care is often a neglected area in low- and middle- income countries, particularly in rural areas due to the limited health human resources and poor infrastructures resources. Very few studies have explored the risk factors of periodontal disease among pregnant women in rural areas of China.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 648 women between 2 and 28 weeks of gestation at an antenatal clinic in Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Leping, Jiangxi Province, China. Periodontal Screening & Recording (PSR) was used to determine periodontal disease. Data on respondents’ demographic characteristics, gestational age, regular oral health habits, and mental health condition were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. ResultsThe prevalence of periodontal disease in pregnant women was 79.78% (95% CI: 76.7%~82.7%). Periodontal disease was significantly associated with increased maternal age (aOR =1.13, 95%CI: 1.06~1.21, P<0.001) and gum bleeding during tooth brushing (aOR =3.76, 95%CI: 2.05~7.00, P<0.001). The severity of periodontal disease advanced with the increased maternal age and gum bleeding during pregnancy. ConclusionsPregnant women with increased maternal age and gum bleeding during tooth brushing were at a higher risk of periodontal disease and needed to have the access to oral health care.

Premature Arterial Disease Associated with Familial Antithrombin III Deficiency

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (01) ◽  
pp. 013-015 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Johnson ◽  
C R M Prentice ◽  
L A Parapia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Arterial Thromboembolism ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Antithrombin Iii Deficiency

SummaryAntithrombin III (ATIII) deficiency is one of the few known abnormalities of the coagulation system known to predispose to venous thromboembolism but its relation to arterial disease is not established. We describe two related patients with this disorder, both of whom suffered arterial thrombotic events, at an early age. Both patients had other potential risk factors, though these would normally be considered unlikely to lead to such catastrophic events at such an age. Thrombosis due to ATIII deficiency is potentially preventable, and this diagnosis should be sought more frequently in patients with arterial thromboembolism, particularly if occurring at a young age. In addition, in patients with known ATIII deficiency, other risk factors for arterial disease should be eliminated, if possible. In particular, these patients should be counselled against smoking.

Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among Vietnamese adults: prevalence, risk factors and antibiotic susceptibility profile

MedPharmRes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Nguyen Phan ◽  
Hien Pham ◽  
Thuc Nguyen ◽  
Hoai Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Weight History ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vietnamese Community

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has long been recognized as an important human pathogen causing many severe diseases. It is also a part of human normal flora with its ecological niche in the human anterior nares. This study focused on screening S. aureus nasal carriage in community and its relationship to human physiological and pathological factors which have not been studied in Vietnam previously. Two hundred and five volunteers in Ho Chi Minh City from 18 to 35 and over 59 years old both male and female participated in the study. Result showed that the prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage in southern Vietnamese community was relatively low, only 11.2% (23/205), much lower than that in other international reports on human S. aureus. In addition, nasal carriage of the older age group (> 59 years old, 13.7%) was higher than that of younger age (18-35 years old, 10.4%). Other potential risk factors such as gender, career, height, weight, history of antibiotic usage, daily nasal wash, use of nasal medication sprays, acne problems, smoking and nasal problems showed no significant impact on S. aureus carriage. The obtained S. aureus nasal isolates were all sensitive to vancomycin. Lincomycin and tetracycline had low resistance rate with 4.3 % and 17.4 %, respectively. However, the isolates showed particularly high rate of multidrug resistance (54.2%) In summary, our data provided researchers an overview on S. aureus nasal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility profile of the community- isolated S. aureus in Vietnam. This would serve as valuable information on assessing risk of community-acquired S. aureus infections.

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