scholarly journals Measurement of Selected Renal Biochemical Parameters in Healthy Adult Donkeys Considering the Influence of Gender, Age and Blood Freezing

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1748
Author(s):  
Kaja Frączkowska ◽  
Zuzanna Trzebuniak ◽  
Agnieszka Żak ◽  
Natalia Siwińska
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

The reference values of the serum and urine biochemical parameters have not been well-studied in donkeys. This study aimed to assess the normal values of the selected renal biomarkers, such as: serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin, total protein (TP), electrolytes and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), urine protein concentration (UPC), urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR), the urine gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGTP)-to-creatinine ratio, serum creatinine-to-urine creatinine ratio (sCr/uCr), serum BUN-to-serum creatinine ratio (sBUN/sCr) and UPC-to-TP ratio, as well as the fractional electrolyte excretion of sodium (FENa) and potassium (FEK) in donkeys. The effects of age, gender and deep freezing of the serum material were investigated. Sixty-five healthy adult donkeys were involved in this study. The results showed higher BUN and TP values and lower albumin, UPCR, FENa and FEK levels in donkeys when compared to the reference values in horses. A significant gender relationship for creatinine and BUN was found. Age influenced the values of albumin, TP, potassium and chlorine. Potassium, sodium and SDMA did not show significant concentration changes after freezing. The study results demonstrated that horse reference range values for some parameters cannot be applied to donkey samples. Only a few of the serum parameters were not affected by freezing, and this should be taken into account when storing biological materials.

scholarly journals Renal injury in female dogs with pyometra

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana da Silva Figueiredo ◽  
Christina Malm ◽  
Leonardo Dias Mamão ◽  
Juliana de Oliveira ◽  
Júlio César Cambraia Veado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Intravenous Fluids ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Tubular Injury ◽  
Intact Female ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Parenchymal Injury

ABSTRACT: Pyometra is a common disease in intact female dogs and can cause glomerulopathy and tubular injury. This study aimed to evaluate kidney injury in female dogs with pyometra, as well as progression of the injury during treatment and the markers of this condition. This study analyzed 20 intact female dogs with both clinical and sonographic diagnosis of pyometra. Dogs were treated with intravenous fluids and antibiotics, and an ovariohysterectomy was performed. The following parameters were assessed at eight separate time points: blood pressure; serum creatinine, phosphorus, and urea levels; urinalysis and urinary biochemical parameters [urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase (uGGT) and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR)]; glomerular filtration rate (GFR); and urine output. All dogs showed some degree of kidney injury at the time of pyometra diagnosis. This was transient in most animals, resolving with treatment of the pyometra. Measurement of uGGT and UPCR identified renal parenchymal injury, helping to determine the prognosis of the animals analyzed in the present study.

scholarly journals Impact of the copper industry on the content of selected heavy metals and biochemical indicators in the blood of dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Kołacz ◽  
Zbigniew Dobrzański ◽  
Robert Kupczyński ◽  
Przemysław Cwynar ◽  
Sebastian Opaliński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Copper Accumulation ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Copper Industry ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

The aim of the study was to compare the levels of selected blood parameters of dairy cattle in an area with copper industry (LGOM, area I, n = 21) and the Wroclaw agricultural suburban area (area II, n = 20). The concentration of heavy metals Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn (atomic absorption spectrometry method) and Hg (spectrometric method) was analysed in full blood. However, other parameters were determined in the blood serum: Ca, P (inorganic), Mg and Fe (photometric method), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) – an enzyme test in accordance with the recommendations of the IFCC, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) – the test optimized according to the guidelines DGKC, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) – kinetic photometric test. Biochemical parameters in blood serum were determined with the use of an automatic biochemical analyser type Pentra 400 and reagents of Horiba ABX (France). Furthermore, the analysis covered: the total antioxidant capacity (TAS) – colorimetric assay based on the ABTS and peroxidase reaction as well as the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) – colorimetric test based on the reduction of glutathione (GSSG) in the presence of NADPH. These parameters were determined with the use of the same analyser and commercial assays kit of Randox company. The Cd concentration in both areas was very low and did not exceed 1.65 µg/l, while the Pb concentration in the LGOM region was 0.021 mg/l and 0.031 mg/l in area II. The level of mercury in area I in both regions was similar (about 0.03 µg/l). The copper content was significantly higher in area I than in region II (1.67 mgl/l and 0.72 mg/l respectively), which indicates the possibility of industry impact on copper accumulation in cows. The Zn concentration was significantly lower in the LGOM region than in area II (2.50 mg/l) in contrast to Cu. The AST activity was significantly lower in area I (66.56 U/l) than in area II (75.49 U/l). Similar findings were reported with GGT activity (lower concentration in area I – 21.42 U/l). The LDH levels in animals were similar in both areas (2015.0 and 1976.2 U/l respectively), as were TAS (1.12 and 1.16 mmol/l) and GR (422.4 and 429.3 U/l). Mean activity of AST and GGT in cows were present in both areas, reaching ranges of the reference values, but the activity of LDH was significantly higher. There are no reference values for TAS and GR. Similar concentrations of Ca, Mg and Fe were noticed in both regions during the study, while the content of P was significantly higher in area I. The mean concentration of detected macroelements were in the reference ranges. The analysis proved that the cooper industry does not negatively affect the content of biochemical parameters in the blood of dairy cows.

ESTABLISHING IN-HOUSE REFERENCE INTERVALS FOR DOGS IN VETERINARY CLINICS

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Shang-Hsiu Chung ◽  
Li-Wen Chang ◽  
Tsun-Li Cheng ◽  
Chen-Jou Lin ◽  
Wen-Ying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Coagulation Parameters ◽  
American Society ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Reference interval (RIs) were critical to the identification of illness. However, RIs set in one laboratory may not be appropriate for another because of biological, geographical and instrumental factors. Interpretation of clinical data using inappropriate RIs may cause misclassification of results and misdiagnosis that lead to improper treatment. RIs in Taiwan have been mostly referencing from foreign resources, it is desirable to establish one that is closer to the overall conditions in Taiwan (such as breed, climate, diseases, etc.) and to investigate its differences to foreign RIs. The present study used the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) guidelines to establish in-house RIs for hematological, biochemical and coagulation parameters using dogs in middle Taiwan. The results were also compared to two foreign and one local RIs. The results suggested that the hematological RIs are more comparable to foreign RIs than the biochemical and hemostatic parameters. Differences were found for biochemical parameters including gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipase, uric acid, bile acid, bilirubin and magnesium; and coagulation parameters including prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin. In all, 18% (7/40) of the all tested parameters were different from the local RI while 38% (18/48) and 41% (19/46) of the parameters were different from the two foreign RIs. The differences in more than 30% RIs and better similarities to local RIs underscore the importance of having own RIs if possible.

scholarly journals Reference values of urine protein/creatinine ratio in healthy Dalian adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Liu ◽  
Bang‐Lu Xue ◽  
Bin Du ◽  
Tong Cui ◽  
Xin Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Urine Protein

Evaluation of urinary γ-glutamyl transferase and serum creatinine in non-azotaemic hospitalised dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Perondi ◽  
Ilaria Lippi ◽  
Gianila Ceccherini ◽  
Veronica Marchetti ◽  
Grazia Guidi
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Intensive Care Unit Mortality ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Blood Biomarkers ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Urinary and blood biomarkers for diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalised dogs were evalueted. This prospective study included 97 dogs, classified according to the International Renal Interest Society classification into no AKI and AKI grade 1 (48-hour increase in serum creatinine≥0.3 mg/dl and/or urinary production <1 ml/kg/hour for at least six hours). A total of 62 of 97 dogs (64 per cent) were classified as AKI 1. A statistically significant difference was found between no AKI and AKI 1 in urine protein to creatinine ratio, urinary γ-glutamyl transferase (uGGT) and uGGT/cu (P<0.0001). Thirteen of 97 dogs (13.4 per cent) that developed increased creatinine and change in AKI grade showed high mortality (n=9/13; 69.2 per cent). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of uGGT/cu index as a marker for AKI grade 1 had an area under the ROC curve of 0.78; optimal cut-off point was 57.50 u/g, with sensitivity and specificity of 75.4 per cent and 75.6 per cent, respectively. Overall intensive care unit mortality was 23.7 per cent (23/97), 13.4 per cent (13/97) of which died during hospitalisation and 10.3 per cent (10/97) within 28 days after discharge. uGGT is an acceptable marker for distinguishing between AKI 1 and no AKI.

The impact of tabalumab on the kidney in systemic lupus erythematosus: results from two phase 3 randomized, clinical trials

Lupus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 1597-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
B H Rovin ◽  
M A Dooley ◽  
J Radhakrishnan ◽  
E M Ginzler ◽  
T D Forrester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Intent To Treat

Introduction Tabalumab is a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes membrane and soluble B-cell activating factor. Two 52-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled phase 3 trials evaluated the safety and efficacy of tabalumab in systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods Patients with moderate to severe active systemic lupus erythematosus (without severe active lupus nephritis) were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive tabalumab (120 mg subcutaneously every 2 or 4 weeks) or placebo for 52 weeks. Serum creatinine concentration, estimated glomerular filtration rate, urine protein/creatinine ratio, renal flares and renal adverse events were determined monthly. Data were analyzed for the intent-to-treat population and for intent-to-treat patients with baseline urine protein/creatinine ratio >20 mg/mmol (intent-to-treat plus urine protein/creatinine ratio). Results The trials enrolled 2262 patients. At baseline, demographics, systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity, serum creatinine concentration, estimated glomerular filtration rate and urine protein/creatinine ratio were similar among the treatment arms (with the exception of disease duration). In the intent-to-treat and intent-to-treat plus urine protein/creatinine ratio populations, there were no differences between the arms in the baseline-to-endpoint change in serum creatinine concentration, glomerular filtration rate, urine protein/creatinine ratio, or renal flare rates. Tabalumab resulted in a significant B-cell reduction and decreased immunoglobulin G levels at both doses. Conclusions Compared to placebo, tabalumab did not significantly affect the serum creatinine concentration, glomerular filtration rate, urine protein/creatinine ratio, or renal flare rates over 1 year in intent-to-treat or intent-to-treat plus urine protein/creatinine ratio patients. There were no significant renal safety signals. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT01205438 and NCT01196091 Lupus (2016) 25, 1597–1601.

scholarly journals Urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase-to-creatinine ratio as an indicator of tubular function in Bence Jones Proteinuria

Renal Failure ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezgi Ersoy Yesil ◽  
Nurcan Paker ◽  
Atakan Yesil ◽  
Kadir Kayatas ◽  
Yahya Laleli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tubular Function ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Bence Jones Proteinuria

scholarly journals Clinical-biochemical status of hens due to changes of battery cages height location

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
M. I. Sakhatsky ◽  
Yu. V. Osadcha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Serum Enzymes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Biochemical Status ◽  
Battery Cages ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

In the conditions of industrial poultry farming, the body of hens is constantly exposed to numerous technological stressors, the least studied of which are long-term ones, that can provoke chronic stress. One such technological stressor is an increase in the level of cage equipment, which is used by producers to obtain a larger amount of products from 1 m2 of poultry area. The aim of this work was to study the physiological state of the hen’s body based on the clinical biochemical analysis of their blood serum, depending on the battery cages height. In the conditions of a modern complex for the production of edible eggs in a poultry house with an area of 2 915 m2, 4 groups of hens were formed, each of them was kept on a separate floor-analogue in terms of area and cage equipment. Each floor was equipped with «Big Dutchman» 3-tier battery cages. Battery cages of each floor were separated from each other by a lattice floor so that cages of 1–3 tiers entered up to the 1st floor, 4–6 tiers – up to the 2nd, 7–9 tiers – up to the 3rd, and 10–12 tiers – up to 4th floor of cage equipment. Biochemical parameters and activity of hens blood serum enzymes were determined on a BioChem FC-360 biochemical analyzer. For this, 30 blood samples with a volume of 1.0–1.5 ml were taken from axillary veins of laying hens in each group at the age of 18 weeks (at the beginning of the study) and at 52 weeks. It was found that increasing the layering of cage equipment does not have a negative impact on the hen’s body. So, for keeping hens in cages of multi-tier battery cages located on floors 2–4 (4–12 tiers), the biochemical status and activity of their blood serum enzymes were within the physiological norm. Whereas, for hens kept in battery cages of the a multi-tiered system on the 1st floor there was an increase in glucose levels of 60.5–71.0%, creatinine – by 9.7–12.3%, phosphorus – 82.6–100.0%, was observed a decrease in calcium to phosphorus ratio 46.7–50.0%, which was confirmed by an increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase by 22.3–27.0%, as well as an increase in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase by 3.2–13.8%, lactate dehydrogenase - by 48.5–65.1% and gamma-glutamyl transferase – by 16.4–20.6%. It has been proven that the main consequences of chronic stress caused by keeping hens in the lower floor cells of the multi-tiered battery cage are reflected in the biochemical parameters of their serum, namely increased glucose, creatinine, enzyme activity and violation of calcium to phosphorus ratio.

scholarly journals Changes in biochemical parameters in horses during 40 km and 80 km endurance races

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87
Author(s):  
Karla Klobučar ◽  
Zoran Vrbanac ◽  
Jelena Gotić ◽  
Krunoslav Bojanić ◽  
Tomislav Bureš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Electrolyte Loss ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Abstract During intensive physical activity horses are exposed to thermolysis, electrolyte loss and rising amounts of catabolic products, which results in alterations of biochemical blood parameters due to the horse’s adaptation to metabolic stress. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of intensive physical activity on serum biochemical parameters in horses competing in 40 and 80 km endurance races. Blood samples were taken from 28 horses before and after the race over four competitions, with a total of 53 samples analyzed. Biochemical parameters studied included creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, gamma-glutamyl transferase, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The extent of change in pre- and post-race values was compared between categories of age, gender, breed, distance and average speed of horses. Creatine kinase and blood glucose values prior to the race were higher than the reference values. Values of renal parameters and parameters of muscle damage increased after the races, and the degree of change was more pronounced at longer racing lengths, as well as at lower average speed. Electrolyte loss was more prominent during longer races. This study demonstrated that endurance races cause evident changes in serum electrolyte concentrations, renal parameters and markers of muscle damage in horses. These changes are observable in horses at both short and long duration endurance races.

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