scholarly journals Maternal Supplementation with Polyphenols and Omega-3 Fatty Acids during Pregnancy: Prenatal Effects on Growth and Metabolism

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1699
Author(s):  
Ana Heras-Molina ◽  
José Luis Pesántez-Pacheco ◽  
Consolación Garcia-Contreras ◽  
Marta Vázquez-Gómez ◽  
Adrián López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Practical Recommendation ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Maternal Supplementation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Prenatal Effects

Maternal supplementation with antioxidants and n-3 PUFAs may be a promising strategy to reduce the risk of intrauterine growth restriction and preterm delivery, which may diminish the appearance of low-birth-neonates. A previous studies showed beneficial outcomes of the combination of hydroxytyrosol and linoleic acid, but there is no data of its prenatal effects. The present study aimed to determine the possible prenatal implications of such maternal supplementation at prenatal stages in swine, a model of IUGR pregnancies. Results showed effects on litter size, with treated sows having larger litters and, therefore, smaller fetuses. However, the brain/head weight ratio showed a positive effect of the treatment in development, as well as in some other major organs like lungs, spleen, or kidneys. On the other hand, treated piglets showed better glycemic and lipidemic profiles, which could explain postnatal effects. However, further research on the implications of the treatment on litter size and prenatal and postnatal development must be done before practical recommendation can be given.

scholarly journals Polyphenols and IUGR Pregnancies: Effects of the Antioxidant Hydroxytyrosol on Brain Neurochemistry and Development in a Porcine Model

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 884
Author(s):  
Natalia Yeste ◽  
Daniel Valent ◽  
Laura Arroyo ◽  
Marta Vázquez-Gómez ◽  
Consolación García-Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
Hippocampal Ca1 ◽  
Maternal Supplementation ◽  
The Brain

Supplementation of a mother’s diet with antioxidants, such as hydroxytyrosol (HTX), has been proposed to ameliorate the adverse phenotypes of fetuses at risk of intrauterine growth restriction. In the present study, sows were treated daily with or without 1.5 mg of HTX per kilogram of feed from day 35 of pregnancy (at 30% of total gestational period), and individuals were sampled at three different ages: 100-day-old fetuses and 1-month- and 6-month-old piglets. After euthanasia, the brain was removed and the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex were dissected. The profile of the catecholaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmitters (NTs) was characterized and an immunohistochemical study of the hippocampus was performed. The results indicated that maternal supplementation with HTX during pregnancy affected the NT profile in a brain-area-dependant mode and it modified the process of neuron differentiation in the hippocampal CA1 and GD areas, indicating that cell differentiation occurred more rapidly in the HTX group. These effects were specific to the fetal period, concomitantly with HTX maternal supplementation, since no major differences remained between the control and treated groups in 1-month- and 6-month-old pigs.

Modulatory effect of cod-liver oil on Na+-K+ ATPase in rats’ brain

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taha A Kumosani ◽  
Said S Moselhy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Partial Restoration ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
Cholinesterase Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Omega-3 fatty acids were used in the treatment of psychiatric diseases such as bipolar disorder. Na +, K+-ATPase is also a well-known target for these fatty acids. In this study, we investigated the impact of cod-liver oil (CLO), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on Na+, K+-ATPase, cholinesterase activities, the levels of norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine in different regions of rat brain. Our results showed that DHA caused a significant depression in cerebellum Na+, K +-ATPase, whereas CLO activated it. In addition, CLO, EPA and DHA produced a significant activation in Na+, K+-ATPase activity in medulla, midbrain and hypothalamus. There were non-significant changes in the activity of cholinesterase enzyme in cerebellum and medulla, while in midbrain and hypothalamus the CLO, DHA and EPA enhanced the activity by 75%, 100% and 78%, respectively. The content of NE in hypothalamus showed slight increase in different regions of the brain of animals fed CLO, DHA or EPA. In conclusion, CLO, DHA or EPA supplementation had a beneficial effect that associated with a normalization of fatty acids incorporation into phospholipid membranes and a partial restoration of Na+, K+-ATPase activity, suggesting that CLO supplementation may improve fatty acid composition and moderately enhance Na+, K+-ATPase activity.

scholarly journals Healthy Meal, Happy Brain: How Diet Affects Brain Functioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Ahmad ◽  
Hiba Hasan ◽  
Samar Abdelhady ◽  
Walaa Fakih ◽  
Nawara Osman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Complex Organ

Do you know that the foods you eat impact your health? Most importantly, what you eat can have negative effects on the most complex organ in your body: your brain! Amazingly, the food you eat affects neurons, which are the major cells of the brain. In the brain, an unhealthy diet that is rich in fats and sugars causes inflammation of neurons and inhibits the formation of new neurons. This can affect the way the brain works and contribute to brain disorders like depression. On the other hand, a diet that contains healthy nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, is beneficial for brain health. Such a diet improves the formation of neurons and leads to improved thinking, attention, and memory. In sum, a healthy diet makes the brain happy, so we should all pay attention to what we eat.

scholarly journals Omega 3 fatty acids, gestation and pregnancy outcomes

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (S2) ◽  
pp. S77-S84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Larqué ◽  
Alfonso Gil-Sánchez ◽  
María Teresa Prieto-Sánchez ◽  
Berthold Koletzko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Maternal Supplementation ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

Pregnancy is associated with a reduction in maternal serum docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) percentage and its possible depletion in the maternal store. Since the synthesis of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) in the fetus and placenta is low, both the maternal LCPUFA status and placental function are critical for their supply to the fetus. Maternal supplementation with DHA up to 1 g/d or 2·7 g n-3 LCPUFA did not have any harmful effect. DHA supplementation in large studies slightly the enhanced length of gestation (by about 2 days), which may increase the birth weight by about 50 g at delivery. However no advice can be given on their general using to avoid preterm deliveries in low or high risk pregnancies. Several studies, but not all, reported improvements of the offspring in some neurodevelopmental tests as a result of DHA supplementation during gestation, or, at least, positive relationships between maternal or cord serum DHA percentages and cognitive skills in young children. The effect seems more evident in children with low DHA proportions, which raises the question of how to identify those mothers who might have a poor DHA status and who could benefit from such supplementation. Most studies on the effects of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy on maternal depression were judged to be of low-to-moderate quality, mainly due to small sample sizes and failure to adhere to Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines. In contrast, the effects of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on reducing allergic diseases in offspring are promising.

Plant derived omega-3-fatty acids protect mitochondrial function in the brain

2011 ◽  
Vol 668 ◽  
pp. e37-e38 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.P. Eckert⁎ ◽  
C. Franke ◽  
M. Nöldner ◽  
O. Rau ◽  
M. Wurglics ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Omega-3 Fatty Acids Protect the Brain against Ischemic Injury by Activating Nrf2 and Upregulating Heme Oxygenase 1

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1903-1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zhang ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
L. Mao ◽  
R. K. Leak ◽  
Y. Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Ischemic Injury ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
The Brain
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