scholarly journals Assessment of a Rapid Semi-Quantitative Immunochromatographic Test for the Evaluation of Transfer of Passive Immunity in Calves

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1641
Author(s):  
Pauline Delhez ◽  
Elise Meurette ◽  
Emilie Knapp ◽  
Léonard Theron ◽  
Georges Daube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Quick Test ◽  
Test Characteristics ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Classification Agreement ◽  
On Farm

Calves are born agammaglobulinemic and they rely on transfer of passive immunity (TPI) through ingestion of colostrum from the dam. Ensuring the effectiveness of TPI through blood serum immunoglobulins (IgG) quantification is of critical importance for the prevention of calf diseases. The main objective of this study was to assess the performance of a novel on-farm immunochromatographic quick assay (SmartStripsTM, Bio-X Diagnostics, Rochefort, Belgium) compared to the ELISA reference method to directly measure serum IgG concentration and assess TPI status in beef and dairy calves. Additional comparison was made with the commonly used Brix refractometer. Jugular blood samples were collected from beef (n = 71) and dairy (n = 26) calves in Belgium within 7 days post-birth. Quantitative (Pearson correlation coefficients, Bland-Altman plots) and qualitative (diagnostic test characteristics, weighted kappa for classification into 4 categories of TPI) analyses were performed to evaluate the performances of the quick test and the refractometer compared to ELISA. The quick test showed a correlation of 0.83 and a classification agreement (weighted kappa) of 0.79 with the reference method (average values for two types of blood anticoagulants). Performances were better for low IgG concentrations and the assessment of poor TPI status and they outperformed those of the Brix refractometer. Results suggested that the immunochromatographic quick test can be considered as a suitable on-farm method for direct serum IgG measurement and the assessment of TPI status in calves, contributing to timely interventions in the management of calves with inadequate TPI.

scholarly journals Reproducibility and validity of a food-frequency questionnaire for use among low-income Brazilian workers

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 821-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nélida Schmid Fornés ◽  
Maria Luiza Ferreira Stringhini ◽  
Berenice Müller Elias
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Food Frequency

AbstractObjectives:To assess the reproducibility and validity a 127-item, habitual intake, food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), developed for low-income and low-literacy Brazilian workers, by comparison with a 24-hour dietary recall (24-HDR).Design:The FFQ and 24-HDR were interviewer-administered at the local workplace to each subject twice, with a period of 6 months between estimates; and four 24-HDRs were conducted during the 4-month period between the two FFQs (FFQ1 and FFQ2). Reproducibility was tested by comparing mean nutrient intakes from the two FFQs. Validity was determined by comparing the mean nutrient intakes from the FFQs with the corresponding averages of the six 24-HDRs (reference method).Setting:Goiânia City, in Central West Brazil.Subjects:The study was based on 104 (62 women and 42 men) subjects, aged 18 to 60 years, who were randomly selected.Results:Dietary intake from the FFQ was higher than from the 24-HDR. Reproducibility was assessed by Pearson correlation coefficients for nutrients from FFQ1 and FFQ2, and ranged from 0.23 for retinol to 0.69 for total energy (mean 0.52). Intra-class coefficients for nutrients averaged by the 24-HDRs ranged from 0.29 for vitamin C to 0.76 for total energy; retinol was not significant. In the validation study, correlation between the FFQ and the 24-HDR ranged between 0.21 for vitamin C and 0.70 for total energy (mean 0.50). Adjusting for total energy lowered the coefficients, except for calcium, retinol and vitamin C. Coefficients increased with attenuation, ranging from 0.35 for carbohydrate to 0.65 for calcium.Conclusions:Results indicate that this questionnaire had satisfactory reproducibility and reasonable validity.

scholarly journals Reproducibility and validity of an FFQ to assess usual intake of methyl-group donors

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 2530-2539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Pauwels ◽  
Ine Doperé ◽  
Inge Huybrechts ◽  
Lode Godderis ◽  
Gudrun Koppen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Diet Records ◽  
Repeated Administrations ◽  
Fair Ranking

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate a novel FFQ to assess the daily intake of four methyl-group donors (methionine, choline, betaine and folate).DesignThe relative validity of the FFQ was assessed by comparison with 7 d estimated diet records (n 80) and its reproducibility was evaluated by repeated administrations 6 weeks apart (n 92). Paired Student t tests were used to compare group means and de-attenuated intra-class correlations to investigate the ability of the FFQ to rank individuals according to their methyl-group donor intake. De-attenuated intra-class correlation coefficients were calculated between the test and reference method for methionine, choline, betaine, folate and the sum of methyl-group donors. The weighted kappa (κw) was calculated as a measure of tertile agreement.SettingFlanders, Belgium.SubjectsThe FFQ was validated among Flemish women of reproductive age (18–35 years).ResultsThe questionnaire had an acceptable ranking ability (r=0·32–0·68; κw=0·10–0·35), but overestimated the daily intake of folate (280·6 μg v. 212·0 μg) and betaine (179·1 mg v. 147·0 mg) compared with the 7 d estimated diet record. Cross-classification analysis indicated that 20 % (choline) of the participants were grossly misclassified in the validation study. The correlation between repeated administrations was good (r=0·62–0·83) with a maximal misclassification of 7 % for betaine (κw=0·44–0·66).ConclusionsThese results indicate that this newly developed FFQ is a reliable instrument with acceptable validity for ranking individuals according to methyl-group donor intake (except for a poor agreement for choline (κw=0·10) and a fair ranking ability for betaine (r=0·32)) in Flemish women of reproductive age.

Validation and calibration of the Eating Assessment in Toddlers FFQ (EAT FFQ) for children, used in the Growing Up Milk – Lite (GUMLi) randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-193
Author(s):  
Amy L. Lovell ◽  
Peter S. W. Davies ◽  
Rebecca J. Hill ◽  
Tania Milne ◽  
Misa Matsuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AbstractThe Eating Assessment in Toddlers FFQ (EAT FFQ) has been shown to have good reliability and comparative validity for ranking nutrient intakes in young children. With the addition of food items (n 4), we aimed to re-assess the validity of the EAT FFQ and estimate calibration factors in a sub-sample of children (n 97) participating in the Growing Up Milk – Lite (GUMLi) randomised control trial (2015–2017). Participants completed the ninety-nine-item GUMLi EAT FFQ and record-assisted 24-h recalls (24HR) on two occasions. Energy and nutrient intakes were assessed at months 9 and 12 post-randomisation and calibration factors calculated to determine predicted estimates from the GUMLi EAT FFQ. Validity was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients, weighted kappa (κ) and exact quartile categorisation. Calibration was calculated using linear regression models on 24HR, adjusted for sex and treatment group. Nutrient intakes were significantly correlated between the GUMLi EAT FFQ and 24HR at both time points. Energy-adjusted, de-attenuated Pearson correlations ranged from 0·3 (fibre) to 0·8 (Fe) at 9 months and from 0·3 (Ca) to 0·7 (Fe) at 12 months. Weighted κ for the quartiles ranged from 0·2 (Zn) to 0·6 (Fe) at 9 months and from 0·1 (total fat) to 0·5 (Fe) at 12 months. Exact agreement ranged from 30 to 74 %. Calibration factors predicted up to 56 % of the variation in the 24HR at 9 months and 44 % at 12 months. The GUMLi EAT FFQ remained a useful tool for ranking nutrient intakes with similar estimated validity compared with other FFQ used in children under 2 years.

scholarly journals FFQ for the adult population of the capital of Ecuador (FFQ-Quito): development, reliability and validity

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 2540-2549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M Silva-Jaramillo ◽  
Marilda B Neutzling ◽  
Michele Drehmer
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Relative Validity

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the reliability and validity of a semi-quantitative FFQ designed to evaluate the usual nutrient intake of adults in Quito, Ecuador.DesignDietary data using 24 h recalls (24hR) were used to design a list of commonly consumed foods. The relative validity of a 111-item FFQ was evaluated by comparing nutrient intakes against three non-consecutive 24hR. All nutrients were energy-adjusted. Reliability was assessed using two FFQ (FFQ1 and FFQ2) and assessed by the intra-class correlation coefficient. The comparisons between the FFQ and the 24hR were assessed by the de-attenuated Pearson correlation coefficient, weighted kappa and by Bland–Altman plots.SettingQuito, Ecuador.SubjectsOverall, 345 adults were enrolled in the present study. Two hundred and fifty participated in FFQ development and ninety-five participated in the FFQ validity and reliability.ResultsThe FFQ produced higher energy and nutrient intakes. Reliability correlation coefficients after adjusting for energy ranged from 0·62 to 0·88 for protein and Ca, respectively. For the validity study, energy-adjusted and de-attenuated correlation coefficients between the questionnaire and the 24hR ranged from 0·21 for fat to 0·65 for Ca. Only 4 % of the participants were grossly misclassified and 46 % had weighted kappa higher than 0·42. The Bland–Altman plot showed a constant bias with a tendency to increase according to the intake level.ConclusionsThe FFQ showed reasonably good relative validity and reliable measurements, especially for nutrients considered protective and risk markers of non-communicable disease, and can be used to assess usual nutrient intake in this population.

scholarly journals Relative validity of an FFQ to estimate daily food and nutrient intakes for Chilean adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1782-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahshid Dehghan ◽  
Solange Martinez ◽  
Xiaohe Zhang ◽  
Pamela Seron ◽  
Fernando Lanas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Almost All

AbstractObjectiveFFQ are commonly used to rank individuals by their food and nutrient intakes in large epidemiological studies. The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate an FFQ to rank individuals participating in an ongoing Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study in Chile.DesignAn FFQ and four 24 h dietary recalls were completed over 1 year. Pearson correlation coefficients, energy-adjusted and de-attenuated correlations and weighted kappa were computed between the dietary recalls and the FFQ. The level of agreement between the two dietary assessment methods was evaluated by Bland–Altman analysis.SettingTemuco, Chile.SubjectsOverall, 166 women and men enrolled in the present study. One hundred men and women participated in FFQ development and sixty-six individuals participated in FFQ validation.ResultsThe FFQ consisted of 109 food items. For nutrients, the crude correlation coefficients between the dietary recalls and FFQ varied from 0·14 (protein) to 0·44 (fat). Energy adjustment and de-attenuation improved correlation coefficients and almost all correlation coefficients exceeded 0·40. Similar correlation coefficients were observed for food groups; the highest de-attenuated energy-adjusted correlation coefficient was found for margarine and butter (0·75) and the lowest for potatoes (0·12).ConclusionsThe FFQ showed moderate to high agreement for most nutrients and food groups, and can be used to rank individuals based on energy, nutrient and food intakes. The validation study was conducted in a unique setting and indicated that the tool is valid for use by adults in Chile.

scholarly journals Parent-child resemblance in body mass index and obesity status and its correlates in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Lu Ma ◽  
Yixin Ding ◽  
Xiaozhong Wen ◽  
Liwang Gao ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract Objectives: Examine mother-son, mother-daughter, father-son, and father-daughter resemblance in weight status, and potential modifying effects of socio-demographic and childcare characteristics. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: School. Participants: 1,973 school-age children and their parents from five mega-cities across China in 2017. Results: Pearson correlation coefficients (r) for body mass index (BMI) of father-son, father-daughter, mother-son, and mother-daughter pairs were 0·16, 0·24, 0·26, and 0·24, respectively, while their weighted kappa coefficients (k) were 0·09, 0·14, 0·04, and 0·15, respectively. Children aged 6–9 years (r ranged from 0·30 to 0·35) had larger BMI correlation with their parents than their counterparts aged 10–14 years or 15–17 years (r ranged from 0·15 to 0·24). Children residing at home (r ranged from 0·17 to 0·27) had greater BMI correlations with their parents than children residing at school/other places. BMI correlation coefficients were significant if children were mainly cared for by their mothers (r ranged from 0·17 to 0·29) but non-significant if they were mainly cared for by others. Only children who ate the same meal as their parents “most times” (r ranged from 0·17 to 0·27) or had dinner with their parents “at most times” (r ranged from 0·21 to 0·27) had significant BMI correlation with their parents. Similarly, children who had dinner with their parents “most times” but not “sometimes,” had significant BMI correlation coefficients. Conclusions: Parent-child resemblance in weight status was modest, and varied by child age, gender, primary caregiver, whether having similar food or dinner with parents in China.

scholarly journals Smartphone Movement Sensors for Remote Monitoring of Respiratory Rate: Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Valentine ◽  
Benjamin Klasmer ◽  
Mohammad Dabbah ◽  
Marko Balabanovic ◽  
David Plans
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Smartphone Sensors ◽  
Movement Sensors

AbstractBackgroundMobile health offers potential benefits to patients and healthcare systems alike. Existing remote technologies to measure respiratory rate (RR) have limitations, such as cost, accessibility and reliability. Using smartphone sensors to measure RR may offer a potential solution.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive assessment of a novel mHealth smartphone application designed to measure RR using movement sensors.MethodsIn Study 1, 15 participants simultaneously measured their RR with the app, and an FDA cleared reference device. A novel reference method to allow the app to be evaluated ‘in the wild’ was also developed. In Study 2, 165 participants measured their RR using the app, and these measures were compared to the novel reference. Usability of the app was also assessed in both studies.ResultsThe app, when compared to the FDA-cleared and novel references, respectively, showed a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.65 (SD=1.49) and 1.14 (1.44), relative MAE of 12.2 (9.23) and 9.5 (18.70) and bias of 0.81 (limits of agreement (LoA) =-3.27-4.89) and 0.08 (−3.68-3.51). Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.700 and 0.885. 93% of participants successfully operated the app on their first use.ConclusionsThe accuracy and usability of the app demonstrated here show promise for the use of mHealth solutions employing smartphone sensors to remotely monitor RR. Further research should validate the benefits that this technology may offer patients and healthcare systems.

scholarly journals Does exclusion of extreme reporters of energy intake (the “Goldberg cutoffs”) reliably reduce or eliminate bias in nutrition studies? Analysis with illustrative associations of energy intake with health outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1231-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Ejima ◽  
Andrew W Brown ◽  
Dale A Schoeller ◽  
Steven B Heymsfield ◽  
Erik J Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Method Bias

ABSTRACT Background The Goldberg cutoffs are used to decrease bias in self-reported estimates of energy intake (EISR). Whether the cutoffs reduce and eliminate bias when used in regressions of health outcomes has not been assessed. Objective We examined whether applying the Goldberg cutoffs to data used in nutrition studies could reliably reduce or eliminate bias. Methods We used data from the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE), the Interactive Diet and Activity Tracking in American Association of Retired Persons (IDATA) study, and the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS). Each data set included EISR, energy intake estimated from doubly labeled water (EIDLW) as a reference method, and health outcomes including baseline anthropometric, biomarker, and behavioral measures and fitness test results. We conducted 3 linear regression analyses using EISR, a plausible EISR based on the Goldberg cutoffs (EIG), and EIDLW as an explanatory variable for each analysis. Regression coefficients were denoted ${\hat{\beta }_{\rm SR}}$, ${\hat{\beta }_{\rm G}}$, and ${\hat{\beta }_{\rm DLW}}$, respectively. Using the jackknife method, bias from ${\hat{\beta }_{\rm SR}}$ compared with ${\hat{\beta }_{\rm DLW}}$ and remaining bias from ${\hat{\beta }_{\rm G}}$ compared with ${\hat{\beta }_{\rm DLW}}$ were estimated. Analyses were repeated using Pearson correlation coefficients. Results The analyses from CALERIE, IDATA, and NDNS included 218, 349, and 317 individuals, respectively. Using EIG significantly decreased the bias only for a subset of those variables with significant bias: weight (56.1%; 95% CI: 28.5%, 83.7%) and waist circumference (WC) (59.8%; 95% CI: 33.2%, 86.5%) with CALERIE, weight (20.8%; 95% CI: −6.4%, 48.1%) and WC (17.3%; 95% CI: −20.8%, 55.4%) with IDATA, and WC (−9.5%; 95% CI: −72.2%, 53.1%) with NDNS. Furthermore, bias significantly remained even after excluding implausible data for various outcomes. Results obtained with Pearson correlation coefficient analyses were qualitatively consistent. Conclusions Some associations between EIG and outcomes remained biased compared with associations between EIDLW and outcomes. Use of the Goldberg cutoffs was not a reliable method for eliminating bias.

scholarly journals Accuracy-Based Vitamin D Survey: Six Years of Quality Improvement Guided by Proficiency Testing

2019 ◽  
Vol 143 (12) ◽  
pp. 1531-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Erdman ◽  
Darryl E. Palmer-Toy ◽  
Gary Horowitz ◽  
Andrew Hoofnagle
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Proficiency Testing ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Target Values

Context.— The goal of the College of American Pathologists Accuracy-Based Proficiency Testing Program is to promote the quality, standardization, and harmonization of clinical laboratory results through proficiency testing specimens that are free from matrix effects, have target values that are traceable to reference methods, and that probe the limitations of current methods. Objective.— To summarize the first 6 years of the Accuracy-Based Vitamin D Survey and highlight key insights from the data generated as it relates to assay performance. Design.— Accuracy-based challenges were created by using pooled human serum samples. Certain samples were derived from participants in an institutional review board–approved protocol in which vitamin D–deficient participants were treated with ergocalciferol (vitamin D2). Reference targets for the survey were set by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Each method was compared with the reference method procedure over the course of the program (n = 43 proficiency testing samples). Results.— Linear regression versus the reference method procedure revealed proportional biases across the methods, ranging from 0.0% to 16.7%. Pearson correlation coefficients (r2) ranged from 0.902 to 0.996. Results were influenced by the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 as well as the C-3 epimer of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. During the 6 years, 2 manufacturers altered their assays to match the reference method procedure more closely. Conclusions.— There is considerable bias, both proportional bias and sample-specific matrix effects, affecting many assays. This ongoing accuracy-based proficiency testing program for vitamin D will provide the data needed for laboratories and manufacturers to improve their assays and thereby patient care.

scholarly journals Diaphragm shear modulus reflects transdiaphragmatic pressure during isovolumetric inspiratory efforts and ventilation against inspiratory loading

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Bachasson ◽  
Martin Dres ◽  
Marie-Cécile Niérat ◽  
Jean-Luc Gennisson ◽  
Jean-Yves Hogrel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Transdiaphragmatic Pressure ◽  
Diaphragm Function

The reference method for the assessment of diaphragm function relies on the measurement of transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi). Local muscle stiffness measured using ultrafast shear wave elastography (SWE) provides reliable estimates of muscle force in locomotor muscles. This study aimed at investigating whether SWE could be used as a surrogate of Pdi to evaluate diaphragm function. Fifteen healthy volunteers underwent a randomized stepwise inspiratory loading protocol of 0–60% of maximal isovolumetric inspiratory pressure during closed-airways maneuvers and 0–50% during ventilation against an external inspiratory threshold load. During all tasks, Pdi was measured and SWE was used to assess shear modulus of the right hemidiaphragm (SMdi) at the zone of apposition. Pearson correlation coefficients ( r) and repeated-measures correlation coefficients ( R) were computed to determine within-individual and overall relationships between Pdi and SMdi, respectively. During closed-airways maneuvers, mean Pdi correlated to mean SMdi in all participants [ r ranged from 0.77 to 0.96, all P < 0.01; R = 0.82, 95% confidence intervals (0.76, 0.86), P < 0.01]. During ventilation against inspiratory threshold loading, Pdi swing correlated to maximal SMdi in all participants [ r ranged from 0.40 to 0.90, all P < 0.01; R = 0.70, 95% confidence intervals (0.66, 0.73), P < 0.001]. Changes in diaphragm stiffness as assessed by SWE reflect changes in transdiaphragmatic pressure. SWE provides a new opportunity for direct and noninvasive assessment of diaphragm function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Accurate and specific estimation of diaphragm effort is critical for evaluating and monitoring diaphragm dysfunction. The measurement of transdiaphragmatic pressure requires the use of invasive gastric and esophageal probes. In the present work, we demonstrate that changes in diaphragm stiffness assessed with ultrasound shear wave elastography reflect changes in transdiaphragmatic pressure, therefore offering a new noninvasive method for gauging diaphragm effort.

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