scholarly journals Deslorelin Slow-Release Implants Delay Ovulation and Increase Plasma AMH Concentration and Small Antral Follicles in Haflinger Mares

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1600
Author(s):  
Martim Kaps ◽  
Carolina T. C. Okada ◽  
Camille M. Gautier ◽  
Jörg Aurich ◽  
Christine Aurich
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Reproductive Techniques ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
The Mean

There is an increasing interest in the manipulation of ovarian follicular populations in large domestic animals because this could prove beneficial for assisted reproductive techniques such as ovum pick-up (OPU). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of deslorelin slow-release implants (SRI) on the interovulatory interval, antral follicle count (AFC), number of follicles of different size ranges and plasma anti-Muellerian hormone (AMH) concentration in mares. To synchronize their estrous cycles, Haflinger mares (n = 12) were treated twice with a PGF2α analogue. One day after the second injection (day 0), mares received a 9.4 mg deslorelin SRI (group DES, n = 6) or 1.25 mg deslorelin in a short-acting formulation (CON; n = 6), respectively. Regular transrectal ultrasonography of the genital tract was performed and blood samples were collected for the analysis of progesterone, AMH and gonadotrophins. The interval from implant insertion to the first spontaneous ovulation was 23.8 ± 10.5 days in group DES compared to 17.0 ± 3.9 days in group CON (p < 0.05). For the concentrations of LH, FSH and AMH, interactions between time and treatment were detected (p < 0.05). The AFC and the mean number of follicles with 5 to 10, 10 to 15 and 15 to 20 mm in diameter changed over time (p < 0.05). A time x treatment interaction was demonstrated for follicles of 10 to 15 mm in diameter (p < 0.05). The changes in this follicular subpopulation were reflected by increased plasma AMH concentration in group DES. In conclusion, 9.4 mg deslorelin implants show minor effects with regard to estrus suppression in mares, whereas the changes in the subpopulation of small ovarian follicles could be a promising tool for preparation of mares for OPU.

130 Increased antral follicle population at 60 days of gestation in Holstein cows with low antral follicle count

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
R. G. Droher ◽  
F. Morotti ◽  
A. Guidugli Lindquist ◽  
A. Fonseca Zangirolamo ◽  
M. Marcondes Seneda
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Intermediate Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
High Repeatability

The antral follicle count (AFC) has been pointed out as one of the main factors that influence the efficiency of reproductive biotechniques. Thus, AFC is considered a fertility marker, which has high repeatability in the same animal. The objective of this study was to evaluate AFC in cows at AI (nonpregnant) and at two moments of gestation (30 and 60 days). For this, 35 pregnant cows, aged 23 to 99 months, confined in a freestall system, kept in the same environmental conditions (24°46'28”S, 49°56'42”W) and under the same feeding conditions, were selected for this study. The same technician performed the AI of the females, after detection of natural or induced oestrus, with 25mg of Dinoprost (Lutalyse) intramuscularly (IM). We established AFC (antral follicles ≥3mm diameter) using a convex intravaginal transducer at the time of AI and at 30 and 60 days of pregnancy. Females were distributed in groups of low (≤18 follicles, n=11), intermediate (≥24 and ≤28 follicles, n=11), or high AFC (≥30 follicles, n=13). Data were analysed using a generalized linear mixed model (Minitab version 18.1), with significance declared at P ≤ 0.05. In the low AFC group, there was an increase in the mean number of antral follicles in relation to gestation, presenting 14.82±1.36 at the time of AI and 23.45±2.31 and 35.18±3.17 at 30 and 60 days of pregnancy, respectively (P&lt;0.0001). Similarly, the intermediate group presented an increase in mean AFC, from 24.64±0.76 at the time of AI and 29.27±3.32 at 30 days to 43.36±5.91 at 60 days of gestation (P=0.001). There was no difference in the high AFC group at different moments, as these presented 41.92±3.50 at the time of AI, 38.31±3.96 at 30 days, and 50.92±5.49 at 60 days of pregnancy. Although mean AFCs differed (P&lt;0.0001) between the low, intermediate, and high AFC groups at time of AI and at 30 days of gestation, there were no differences in AFC between the three groups at 60 days of gestation (P=0.329). In conclusion, low AFC females presented an increase in the number of antral follicles at gestation moments 30 and 60 days from AI. This finding reinforces the strategy of using this category more efficiently for ovum pickup at the beginning of gestation.

Should fertile women quit drinking alcohol to produce better quality oocytes?

Zygote ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Burcu Ozbakir ◽  
Pinar Tulay
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Social Drinkers ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Significant Difference

Summary Alcohol consumption has long been shown to affect both fetal health and pregnancy. In this study, antral follicle count, maturation level of oocytes including morphological assessment and number of metaphase I (MI), metaphase II (MII) and germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes obtained from young women (age < 30 years old) with or without alcohol consumption were investigated. In total, 20 healthy women who were social drinkers and 36 healthy women who do not consume alcohol were involved in this study. Women in both study and control groups were undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation. The antral follicle count and the number and quality of the oocytes retrieved were evaluated and recorded. In total, 635 antral follicles, 1098 follicles and 1014 oocytes with 820 MII, 72 MI and 78 GV stage oocytes were collected from the social drinkers. In the control group, 628 antral follicles, 1136 follicles and 1085 oocytes with 838 MII, 93 MI and 102 GV stage oocytes were evaluated. The results of this study showed that the antral follicle count was very similar in both groups. The number of oocytes and MII stage oocytes was slightly higher in the control group, although it was not a significant difference. This study showed that although the consumption of alcohol may have adverse effects post-implantation, it may not have a solid effect during oogenesis in young women. The results of this study are especially important in clinical settings as some women who are social drinkers undergo in vitro fertilization treatments.

Effect of resveratrol administration on ovarian morphology, determined by transvaginal ultrasound for the women with PCOS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Amir Pejman Hashemi Taheri ◽  
Behnaz Moradi ◽  
Amir Reza Radmard ◽  
Milad Sanginabadi ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Ovarian Volume ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Intake of resveratrol has been associated with improved ovarian morphology under in vitro and in the animal models; however, this finding has not been confirmed in trials. The aim of our study was, therefore, to use a placebo-controlled approach with the detailed assessment of the ovarian morphology by applying transvaginal ultrasound to examine the effectiveness of this therapeutic approach in this group of women. Methods: Forty-one women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were randomly assigned (1:1) to 3 months of daily 1000 mg resveratrol or placebo. Random assignment was done by blocked randomisation. Our primary endpoints were the change in the ovarian volume, stromal area and antral follicle count per ovary (FNPO) from the baseline to 3 months. Secondary endpoints were improvement in the distribution of follicles and ovarian echogenicity. Differences between the resveratrol and control groups were evaluated by Chi-square, fisher’s exact test and repeated-measures of ANOVA. Results: The mean age of all participants was 28.61 ± 4.99 years, with the mean BMI of 28.26 ± 5.62 kg/m2. Resveratrol therapy, as compared with placebo, was associated with a significantly higher rate of improvement in the ovarian morphology (p= 0.02). Women who received resveratrol had a more dominant follicle than those getting placebo, with a significant reduction in the ovarian volume (p<0.05). However, the number of FNPO, stromal area, ovarian echogenicity and distribution of follicles were not significantly altered (P>0.05). Conclusions: Treatment with resveratrol significantly reduced the ovarian volume and PCOM, thus suggesting a disease-modifying effect in PCOS. Trial registration: IRCT, IRCT2017061917139N2. Registered 7 July 2017, http://irct.ir/trial/15836.

scholarly journals AMH: Could It Be Used as A Biomarker for Fertility and Superovulation in Domestic Animals?

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saqib Umer ◽  
Shan Jiang Zhao ◽  
Abdul Sammad ◽  
Bahlibi Weldegebriall Sahlu ◽  
YunWei Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Potential Predictor

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a reliable and easily detectable reproductive marker for the fertility competence of many farm animal species. AMH is also a good predictor of superovulation in cattle, sheep, and mares. In this review, we have summarized the recent findings related to AMH and its predictive reliability related to fertility and superovulation in domestic animals, especially in cattle. We focused on: (1) the dynamics of AMH level from infancy to prepubescence as well as during puberty and adulthood; (2) AMH as a predictor of fertility; (3) the association between antral follicle count (AFC) and plasma AMH level; (4) AMH as a predictor of superovulation; and (5) factors affecting AMH levels in domestic animals, especially cattle. Many factors affect the circulatory levels of AMH when considering the plasma, like nutrition, activity of granulosa cells, disease state and endocrine disruptions during fetal life. Briefly, we concluded that AMH concentrations are static within individuals, and collection of a single dose of blood has become more popular in the field of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). It may act as a potential predictor of fertility, superovulation, and ovarian disorders in domestic animals. However, due to the limited research in domestic animals, this potential of AMH remains underutilized.

Antral follicle population in prepubertal and pubertal heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Seneda ◽  
F. Morotti ◽  
A. F. Zangirolamo ◽  
N. C. da Silva ◽  
T. K. Sanches ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Female Cattle ◽  
Selection Of

The antral follicle count (AFC) is an important tool in the selection of bovine females destined for biotechnology. However, little is known about AFC in prepubertal and pubertal heifers. Some challenges inherent to the physiology of young females must be considered to achieve efficient rates with different procedures, such as ovum pick-up and IVF. This paper covers some important topics about ovarian physiology related to the population of antral follicles and reproductive efficiency in young female cattle.

138 Relationships Between Antral Follicle Count, Ovarian Volume, Pre-Antral Follicle Number, and Oocyte Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
G. L. Vasconcelos ◽  
R. Maculan ◽  
N. Alves ◽  
A. L. A. P. L. Ribeiro ◽  
A. W. B. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Primordial Follicle ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Primary Follicle ◽  
Ovarian Volume ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Grade 3

The objective was to evaluate the possible relationships between AFC, ovarian volume, ovarian follicle reserve and oocyte quality in abattoir-derived ovaries (experiment 1) and in cows (experiment 2) submitted to OPU. Antral follicle counts of ≥25, 16 to 24, and ≤ 16 were used to define AFC classes as high (HAFC), intermediate (IAFC), and low (LAFC) in both experiments. In experiment 1, after antral follicles were aspirated, abattoir ovaries (n = 10 per AFC class) were processed by conventional histology and pre-antral follicles were counted within primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary classes and classified as either healthy or degenerate under regular microscopy (Cushman et al. 1999). In experiment 2, HAFC (n = 42), IAFC (n = 34), and LAFC (n = 29) cows were submitted to OPU and oocytes classified as grades 1, 2, and 3 or degenerate (IETS, 2010). Antral follicles (≥3 mm in diameter) were counted by ultrasonography. Data were analysed by GENMOD and GLM procedures of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) after transformations, when required. In experiment 1, mean normal primordial follicle number was higher (P < 0.001) in HAFC (137.0 ± 1.6)a compared with IAFC (52.6 ± 1.9)b and LAFC (20.2 ± 5.3)c ovaries. However, the mean number of degenerate primordial follicles was lower (P < 0.001) in low count ovaries (2.4 ± 0.6) compared with HAFC (19.0 ± 4.7) and IAFC (16.4 ± 1.5, P < 0.001). Normal primary follicle number was higher in the HAFC compared with IAFC and LAFC ovarian classes (86.2 ± 7.0a v. 34.6 ± 5.1b and 14.4 ± 3.3c, respectively; P < 0.01). Degenerate primary follicles were higher in the HAFC compared with LAFC ovarian class (16.8 ± 6.5 v. 5.2 ± 2.64; P < 0.05). Normal secondary follicle number was also higher in the HAFC compared to LAFC ovarian classes (25.2 ± 7.67 v. 2.4 ± 0.8; P < 0.05). The number of degenerate secondary follicles differed (P < 0.01) only between the IAFC and the LAFC ovarian classes (0.6 ± 0.4 and 7.2 ± 2.4, respectively), which were similar (P > 0.5) to the HAFC class (3.8 ± 1.0). In experiment 2, grade 1, 2, and 3 oocytes, viable oocytes, and ovarian volume (mm3) were higher (P < 0.001) in HAFC compared with IAFC and LAFC cows (grade 1: 7.9 ± 0.6a, 4.9 ± 0.7b and 3.3 ± 0.7c; grade 2: 4.0 ± 0.4a, 2.8 ± 0.4b and 1.2c; grade 3: 2.1 ± 0.4a, 2.5 ± 0.4a and 1.3 ± 0.5b, respectively; viable oocytes: 16.3 ± 1.1a, 13.1 ± 1.2b, and 8.1 ± 1.3c, respectively; (volumes: 12.6 ± 0.7a, 10.1 ± 0.8b, and 8.1 ± 0.9c, respectively). In conclusion, high AFC is linked to a higher follicular reserve, oocyte quality, and ovarian volume. It is safe to apply AFC in the selection of bovine females without compromising oocyte or pre-antral follicular population qualities.

scholarly journals Follicle Structure Influences the Availability of Oxygen to the Oocyte in Antral Follicles

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Clark ◽  
Y. M. Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Cumulus Oocyte Complex ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Size And Structure

The ability of an oocyte to successfully mature is highly dependent on intrafollicular conditions, including the size and structure of the follicle. Here we present a mathematical model of oxygen transport in the antral follicle. We relate mean oxygen concentration in follicular fluid of bovine follicles to the concentration in the immediate vicinity of the cumulus-oocyte complex (COC). The model predicts that the oxygen levels within the antral follicle are dependent on the size and structure of the follicle and that the mean level of dissolved oxygen in follicular fluid does not necessarily correspond to that reaching the COC.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anti-Mullerian Hormone Predictive Value and Antral Follicle Count in the Success Rate of Ovarian Drilling in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leili Hafizi ◽  
Akram Behrouznia ◽  
Maliheh Amirian ◽  
Mina Baradaran ◽  
Seyedeh Azam Pourhoseini
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling ◽  
Ovarian Drilling

Background: Laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) is recommended for the treatment of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) resistant to clomiphene citrate. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ovarian drilling on the serum levels of anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), androgens, and the number of antral follicles. Methods: This was a pre- and post-clinical trial performed on 30 infertile women with PCOS resistant to clomiphene citrate. Patients underwent standard laparoscopic ovarian drilling. Serum levels of AMH and androgens and antral follicle count (AFC) were surveyed before LOD and three and six months after LOD. The ovarian ovulation rate in each month was also monitored for six months. Then, the association between changes in these parameters, especially the level of AMH, and postoperative ovulation was investigated. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The number of antral follicles three (3.00 ± 8.00) and six months (7.73 ± 4.14) after ovarian drilling showed a significant decrease compared to preoperative values (12.40 ± 4.02) (repeated-measures ANOVA, P < 0.001). The mean AMH (6.78 ± 1.08 versus 12.25 ± 1.35; P = 0.005) and the antral follicle count (7.71 ± 0.54 versus 12.29 ± 0.67 and P < 0.001) were lower in ovulation than in non-ovulation patients. The significantly more AMH reductions were seen in pregnant women (3.63 ± 5.61) than in non-pregnant women (3.63 ± 1.24) (P = 0.01). Conclusions: It may be possible to use the changes in AMH and AFC to predict the success rate of LOD.

240 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PEAK NUMBER OF ANTRAL FOLLICLES AND FOLLICULAR WAVES, HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS, SUPEROVULATORY RESPONSE, AND EMBRYO QUALITY IN BEEF HEIFERS

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ward ◽  
P. Lonergan ◽  
F. Jimenez-Krassel ◽  
J. J. Ireland ◽  
A. C. O. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
High Group ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Peak Number ◽  
Follicular Waves ◽  
The Mean

Recent studies in dairy cattle demonstrate that the number of antral follicles during follicular waves is highly variable among animals, but highly repeatable within individuals, and the numbers of follicles during waves are inversely associated with serum FSH concentrations (Burns et al. 2005 Biol. Reprod. 73, 54-62). The aims of this study were to determine (1) serum FSH and estradiol concentrations during follicular waves in beef heifers categorized according to peak number of antral follicles per wave, and (2) the relationship between this categorization and superovulatory response. Estrous cycles of crossbred beef heifers (n = 90) were synchronized with two i.m. injections of PGF2� 11 days apart; animals were scanned daily for 5 days beginning 24 h after the second PG injection to determine the number of follicles during the first follicle wave in two or three consecutive estrous cycles. Heifers were grouped based on the peak number of follicles e 3 mm per wave in diameter (Low: d 15 follicles, n = 12; High: e 25 follicles, n = 11). Intermediate animals were excluded. Heifers were then re-synchronized and blood samples taken every 8 h up to Day 7 to characterize FSH and estradiol profiles. Subsequently, animals were superovulated (pFSH, Folltropin�; Bioniche Animal Health, Belleville, Ontario, Canada), inseminated, and flushed on Day 7; this procedure was repeated twice. All values for hormone concentrations were aligned relative to the peak FSH value. A mixed model, repeated-measures approach was used to determine if serum FSH and estradiol concentrations were different between groups. Differences in recovery rate (number of oocytes/embryos recovered compared to number of corpora lutea) and proportion of transferable embryos were analyzed using Chi-square analysis. The mean (�SE) peak postovulatory FSH concentration was lower (P d 0.03) for animals with high numbers of follicles. No differences in estradiol concentrations were observed. The mean superovulatory response (number of corpora lutea) was higher (P d 0.05) in the High group than in the low group (17.6 � 3.6 vs. 8.5 � 1.1). While there was no difference in the recovery rate of embryos (62 vs. 60%), significantly more (P d 0.05) oocytes/embryos (10.6 � 2.7 vs. 4.7 � 0.7) and transferable embryos (5.4 � 1.3 vs. 3.8 � 0.8) were recovered per animal in the High group. Of the embryos recovered, the proportion of transferable quality was higher for animals in the Low group (80 vs. 51%; P d 0.05). In conclusion, the number of antral follicles during a follicular wave in beef heifers is inversely related to peak postovulatory FSH concentration, but is unrelated to estradiol concentration. In addition, while the superovulatory response and number of transferable embryos were greater in animals with a high number of antral follicles, embryo quality, measured as the proportion of transferable embryos per donor, was reduced. We conclude that cattle with relatively high numbers of follicles per wave respond best to standard superovulation protocols. However, the reason the proportion of high quality embryos is reduced in cattle with high vs. low numbers of follicles per wave is unknown.

Relationship between anti-Müllerian hormone and antral follicle count across the menstrual cycle using the Beckman Coulter Access assay in comparison with Gen II manual assay

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Schiffner ◽  
Judith Roos ◽  
David Broomhead ◽  
Joseph van Helden ◽  
Erhard Godehardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Cycle Number ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
Conversion Equation ◽  
Antral Follicle Counts

AbstractBackground:The study aim was to validate Beckman Coulter’s fully automated Access Immunoassay System (BC Access assay) for anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and compare it with Beckman Coulter’s Modified Manual Generation II assay (BC Mod Gen II), with regard to cycle AMH fluctuations and antral follicle counts.Methods:During one complete menstrual cycle, transvaginal ultrasound was performed on regularly menstruating women (n=39; 18–40years) every 2 days until the dominant ovarian follicle reached 16mm, then daily until observed ovulation; blood samples were collected throughout the cycle. Number and size of antral follicles was determined and AMH levels measured using both assays.Results:AMH levels measured by the BC Access assay vary over ovulatory menstrual cycles, with a statistically significant pre-ovulatory decrease from –5 to +2 days around objective ovulation. Mean luteal AMH levels were significantly lower (–7.99%) than mean follicular levels but increased again towards the end of the luteal phase. Antral follicle count can be estimated from AMH (ng/mL, BC Access assay) concentrations on any follicular phase day. BC Access assay-obtained AMH values are considerably lower compared with the BC Mod Gen II assay (–19% on average); conversion equation: AMH BC Access (ng/mL)=0.85 [AMH BC Mod Gen II (ng/mL)]Conclusions:AMH levels vary throughout the cycle, independently of assay utilised. A formula can be used to convert BC Access assay-obtained AMH levels to BC Mod Gen II values. The number of antral follicles can be consistently estimated from pre-ovulatory AMH levels using either assay.

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