scholarly journals Maternal and Neonatal Behaviour in Italian Mediterranean Buffaloes

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1584
Author(s):  
Lydia Lanzoni ◽  
Matteo Chincarini ◽  
Melania Giammarco ◽  
Isa Fusaro ◽  
Alessia Gloria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Pattern ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Maternal Rejection ◽  
Post Partum Period

The aim of this study was to describe the neonatal and maternal behaviour of Italian Mediterranean buffaloes. Thirty primiparous buffaloes were moved into individual pens 12.5 (±2.5) days before calving. Maternal and neonatal behaviours were recorded for 48 h after calving and the analysis was performed in continuous sampling with the software BORIS. Calves’ clinical evaluations (temperature, weight, and heart and respiratory rates) were performed at different time intervals and correlated with behavioural data from the dam. Data were analysed with parametric and non-parametric methods after controlling their distribution. The maternal behavioural pattern found highlighted buffaloes’ priorities during the post-partum period: firstly, they stand and start grooming to ensure proper care for the calf; it is only after this that they dedicate time to maintenance behaviours (feeding and lying). The dams mainly groomed the calf during the first six hours after calving (average time in the 1–6-h interval: 7.7 ± 2.5 min., F = (2.5, 60.2) = 75.0; p < 0.001) to ensure the formation of the mother–infant bond; thereafter, the behaviour decreased over time. As reported in the literature, inexperienced mothers could sometimes delay the calf’s first suckling with aggressive or rejection behaviours. In this regard, 16 buffalo dams showed at least one maternal rejection behaviour, which was found to negatively correlate with calves’ daily weight gain (DWG) at 14 (rs = −0.5, p = 0.02) and 21 days (rs = −0.7, p < 0.001). The calves took on average 212.0 ± 110.0 min to suckle, and this behaviour was mainly shown during the first six hours. Overall, suckling behaviour was correlated with standing: (rs = 0.6, p < 0.001) and walking (rs = 0.9, p < 0.001). The calves’ live weight and DWG were consistently higher than the values reported in the literature. Our results present a detailed description of maternal and neonatal behaviour in the early post-partum period in Italian Mediterranean buffaloes. We also found that maternal rejection behaviours can negatively influence the calves’ growth. Finally, we think that such results can improve the management of buffaloes during the period around parturition.

Resumption of oestrous and ovarian cyclicity during the post-partum period in autumn-lambing ewes is not influenced by age or dietary protein content

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Mitchell ◽  
M. E. King ◽  
F. E. Gebbie ◽  
M. J. Ranilla ◽  
J. J. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Post Partum Period ◽  
Ovarian Cyclicity ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Ovarian Cycles ◽  
Body Condition Scores

AbstractThe objective was to determine the effect of age and dietary protein content on post-partum oestrous and ovarian cyclicity in autumn-lambing ewes. Twenty-four multiparous (age 4·5 (s.e. 0·61) years) and 24 primiparous (age 1·5 years) ewes which lambed on 28 October (s.e. 0·2) and were rearing 2·0 and. 1·7 (s.e. 0·13) lambs, respectively, were equally allocated to two dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Diets comprised a d libitum hay supplemented with concentrate (12·5 MJ metabolizable energy per kg dry matter (DM) and either 210 or 140 g crude protein per kg DM), offered at a daily allowance of 1·2 kg per ewe from lambing to weaning (18 December) and 0·4 kg per ewe thereafter. Throughout the study (3 November to 24 May) ewes were group-housed in straw-bedded pens under natural photoperiod at 57°N and their live weights and body condition scores were assessed at 2-week intervals. A raddled vasectomized ram was continually present with each group and ewes marked by the ram were recorded thrice weekly. Blood samples were obtained thrice weekly for measurement of peripheral progesterone concentrations and ovulation rate was determined by laparoscopy during January and March. There was no significant effect of dietary protein content on any of the variables measured. For multiparous and primiparous ewes, mean live weights and body condition scores at lambing were 79·5 (s.e. 1·41) v. 58·4 (s.e. 1·54) kg (P < 0·001) and 2·5 (s.e. 0·05) v. 2·2 (s.e. 0·05) (P < 0·001) and daily live-weight losses over the suckling period were 153 (s.e. 19·3) v. 85 (s.e. 21·1) glday (P < 0·05). Intervals from parturition to first overt oestrus were 39 (s.e. 3·2) v. 33 (s.e. 2·3) days and to the onset of ovarian cyclicity were 29 (s.e. 4·9) v. 25 (s.e. 1·5) days. Durations of ovarian cyclicity were 133 (s.e. 27·1) and 110 (s.e. 5·7) days (P < 0·01) during which 7·6 (s.e. 0·32) and 6·5 (s.e. 0·34) (P < 0·05) ovarian cycles were recorded respectively. Fifteen ewes had initial short cycles (≤10 days), six had prolonged cycles (≥21 days) and 11 had extended inter-luteal phase intervals (≥8 days). All ewes had recent ovulations at the January laparoscopy but only 19 multiparous and nine primiparous ewes had ovulations in March. Mean ovulation rates were: January 2·2 (s.e. 0·14) and 1·4 (s.e. 0·13) (P < 0·001), and March 1·6 (s.e. 0·23) and 1·2 (s.e. 0·15) for multiparous and primiparous ewes, respectively. It is concluded that, for ewes lambing at their normal time of mating, (i) the strong seasonal drive for reproduction results in the resumption of oestrous and ovarian cyclicity during the early post-partum period; (ii) initial luteal phases may be of short or extended duration; (Hi) there is no effect of age or dietary protein content, within the range studied, on the onset of ovarian cyclicity; and (iv) multiparous ewes experience a greater number of ovarian cycles and achieve higher ovulation rates than primiparous ewes.

Effect of pre and post-natal nutrition on the performances of ewes and lambs under semi intensive rearing system

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
S Ahmed ◽  
MRH Rakib ◽  
M Yesmin ◽  
M Ershaduzamman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The study was conducted to know the effect of different levels of pre and post-natal nutrition on the performances of ewes and their lambs until 1 year of age and the profitable slaughter age of lambs under semi intensive system. Twenty eight (28) native Bengal ewes at 7 weeks of gestation were randomly assigned to four groups (T0, T1, T2, T3) and supplemented with a concentrate mixture at 0.0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0% of their body weight respectively. Ewes were allowed to graze 8 hours daily. Creep mixture (20 g/lamb/day) was provided to lambs from 2 weeks age with an increment of 10 g/lamb/week. After weaning, 20 growing male lambs were selected and reared 01 year of age with concentrate mixture at 1.5% of their body weight and 8 hours grazing irrespective of treatment groups. Parameters like, ewe’s litter size, daily milk yield, post-partum heat and lamb’s birth weight, weaning weight, live weight at 06, 09 and 12 months were recorded. The data were analyzed in an ANOVA with CRD by using SPSS v. 20. The mean differences were tested by DMRT at a probability level of P<0.05. After weaning, the lamb growths were analyzed considering age as fixed factor. Regression correlations among different parameters with different ages were also performed. Significantly higher daily milk yield (P<0.01), weaning weight (P<0.05) and daily weight gain of lamb until weaning (P<0.05) were observed in T2 group. Besides, lambs weight at 06, 09, and 12 months differ significantly (P<0.01) along with corresponding daily weight gain (P<0.05). Lambs daily weight gain did not differ significantly from weaning to 09 months of age but significantly reduced (P<0.05) from 09 to 12months age. Finally, it may be concluded that a concentrate diet containing 20% CP during late pregnancy to lactation should be supplied to obtain maximum performances of ewes and their lambs. Besides, native Bengal lamb would be slaughtered between 06 to 09 months of age to get maximum return. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 26 (1&2), 2019: P. 43-50

The effects of plane of nutrition, live weight, temporary weaning and breed on the occurrence of oestrus in beef cows during the post-partum period

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Holness ◽  
J. D. H. Hopley ◽  
D. H. Hale
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Partum Period ◽  
Mean Time

ABSTRACTThe occurrence of oestrus and ovarian function during the post-partum period was examined in 160 lactating beef cows of the Africander and Mashona breeds. Cows were fed either to gain 12 to 14% (High) or to lose 12 to 14% (Low) of their autumn peak live weight (early pregnancy) by mid-breeding season. Half the cows in each group were subjected to an increase (Low-High) or decrease (High-Low) in nutrient intake for a 25-day period starting at 25 days partum. Nursing was interrupted for an 8-day period in half of the cows at 50 days post partum by the application of nose plates to their calves.Oestrus occurred significantly earlier in the high than the low plane cows (66 v. 75 days post partum respectively, P< 0·05), but short-term fluctuations in nutrient supply had no apparent effect on the incidence of oestrus. Temporary weaning significantly reduced the mean time from calving to first oestrus in the high-plane (P< 0·01) but not in the low-plane cows, and in Mashona (P<0·05) but not in Africander cows. There was a lower incidence of ‘silent’ oestrus and the mean occurrence of oestrus was significantly earlier (P< 0·001) in the Mashona when compared with the Africander cows.

Annual energy intake and the metabolic and reproductive performance of beef cows differing in body size and milk potential

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Sinclair ◽  
S. Yildiz ◽  
G. Quintans ◽  
F. E. Gebbie ◽  
P. J. Broadbent
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum Period

AbstractThe metabolic status and reproductive performance of four pure breeds of beef cow (small size and low milk potential, Aberdeen Angus; small size and high milk potential, Welsh Black; large size and low milk potential, Charolais; and large size and high milk potential, Simmental) were monitored during their first two parities. Heifers from each breed were allocated to one of two levels of annual energy intake relative to metabolic body weight (M075) (mean daily intakes equivalent to 705 and 820 kj/kg M0·75) in a factorial design. In the 1st year 64 heifers (eight per treatment) which had calved as a consequence of first or second service were selected for the experiment. In the 2nd year 40 of these animals (five per treatment) which held to first or second service remained on experiment. Animals were housed all year round and given diets designed to represent energy intakes while grazing during the summer and conserved feeding during the winter. Pregnancy was established in late July of each year using a combination of oestrous synchronization and artificial insemination. Blood samples were collected at monthly intervals from weaning in November until calving in May; three times weekly from calving until oestrous synchronization (11 weeks later); and fortnightly thereafter until weaning.For the annual levels of dietary energy intake offered, two breeds (Welsh Black and Charolais) exhibited relatively high growth rates and had the longest post-partum anovulatory periods; and Charolais cows also had the poorest conception rates of all breeds. Relatively lean cows at calving (body condition score < 2·5 units) were sensitive, in terms of the duration of the anovulatory period, to live-weight loss during the early post-partum period, particularly when blood glucose levels were low, whereas relatively fat cows at calving (body condition score > 2·5 units) were not. The data suggest: (i) that mechanisms controlling the anabolic processes governing maternal growth are antagonistic towards those that control reproduction; and (ii) the catabolism of lean tissue rather than fat tissue during the early post-partum period is also antagonistic towards the mechanisms that govern reproductive function in cows.

Low back pain in pregnancy and post-partum period. Principles for medical rehabilitation

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Iulia Filipescu ◽  
Mihai Berteanu ◽  
George Alexandru Filipescu ◽  
Radu Vlădăreanu
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Post Partum Period ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals Using Anti-Cancer Agents during the Post-Partum Period: Not that Simple

Onkologie ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 419-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Mir ◽  
Paul Berveiller ◽  
Raphaël Serreau
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Post Partum Period

scholarly journals Impact of Dietary Supplementation with Moringa oleifera Leaves on Performance, Meat Characteristics, Oxidative Stability, and Fatty Acid Profile in Growing Rabbits

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Shaimaa Selim ◽  
Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽  
Mohamed M. Hassan ◽  
Ahmed A. Saleh ◽  
Mohamed A. Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Leaves

Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) have gained great interest as a non-traditional feed ingredient due to their unique nutritional value. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of graded dietary supplementation levels with MOL on performance, carcass characteristics, antioxidant capacity, blood biochemical constituents, meat quality, and fatty acids profile of growing rabbits. A total of 120 weaned New Zealand white rabbits (6 weeks old) were randomly allotted into 4 dietary groups with 5 replicates each (n = 6), which were fed for 42 days with a basal diet as control or 3 experimental diets supplemented with 5, 10, or 15 g/kg MOL. The results showed that, compared to the control group, the dietary inclusion of MOL at a level of 10 and 15 g/kg DM linearly increased (p < 0.01) final live weight (2403.3 and 2498.2 vs. 2166.6) and average daily weight gain (36.5 and 35.51 g/d vs. 28.72 g/d), and enhanced feed conversion ratio (2.49 and 2.50 vs. 3.14). The dietary supplementation with MOL linearly increased dressing out percentage, spleen index, intestinal length, and decreased abdominal fat index (p < 0.01). Greater serum levels of total protein and globulin, but lower alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were observed in the MOL-fed rabbits (p < 0.01). Serum levels of total triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (p < 0.05) were decreased linearly and quadratically in the MOL groups compared with the control. Glutathione peroxidase activity increased (p < 0.01), whereas malondialdehyde decreased (p < 0.01) linearly and quadratically in both serum and meat, in response to dietary MOL supplementation. Dietary MOL supplementation increased the meat crude protein content but lowered the relative content of ether extract in the meat (p < 0.05). The relative content of the meat n-3 PUFA was increased by about 33.71%, 29.46%, and 24.36% for the MOL0.5%, MOL1%, and MOL1.5% groups compared to control. In conclusion, MOL could be used at a level of 1.5g/kg of the growing rabbits’ diets with beneficial impacts on performance, antioxidant capacity, and the nutritional value of the meat.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal as Substitute of Fishmeal in Diets for Layer Chicks and Growers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6074
Author(s):  
Esther Khayanga Sumbule ◽  
Mary Kivali Ambula ◽  
Isaac Maina Osuga ◽  
Janice Ghemoh Changeh ◽  
David Miano Mwangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
The Impact

The acceptance of eco-friendly black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) as sustainable alternative protein ingredient in poultry feeds continues to gain momentum worldwide. This study evaluates the impact of BSFLM in layer chick and grower diets on the growth, carcass quality and economic returns. Mean weekly weight gain and total live weight per chick and grower varied significantly. The highest final weight gain was achieved when birds were provided diet with 25.6% BSFLM. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADG) and overall weight gain of the chick varied significantly, except for the feed conversion ratio (FCR). For grower birds, ADFI, ADG, FCR and overall weight gain did not vary significantly across the various feeding regimes. The weight of the wings and drumsticks had a quadratic response with a maximum weight obtained at 33% inclusion of BSFLM. The weight of the internal organs were not significantly affected by dietary types. Positive cost–benefit ratio and return on investment was recorded for diet types with higher BSFLM inclusion levels (>75%). Diets with 25% and 100% BSFLM inclusion were the most suitable and cost-effective, respectively. Thus, BSFLM represents a promising alternative source of protein that could be sustainably used in the poultry industries.

A two-diet system andad libitumlactation feeding of the sow 1. Sow performance

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Neil ◽  
B. Ogle ◽  
K. Annèr
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Conventional Diet ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Depth Condition

AbstractEffects of a two-diet system combined withad libitumlactation feeding of sows on food consumption, sow live weight (LW), backfat depth, condition scoring, rebreeding interval, symptoms of agalactia and culling were studied on 60 sows followed for four parities. Feeding regimes were: CR, conventional i.e. restricted during gestation and lactation; SA, a simplified diet offered at a restricted level during gestation and a conventional dietad libitumduring lactation; CA, conventional during gestation and the same dietad libitumduring lactation. During lactation CR sows consumed 5·9 kg food daily (71 MJ metabolizable energy (ME)), whereas SA and CA sows consumed on average 7·0 kg (85 MJ ME), the difference being larger in multiparous than in primiparous sows and larger in the first than in later weeks of lactation. From the second farrowing onward sows on CR treatment were lighter and had thinner backfat and lower condition scores than sows on CA treatment, with sows on SA treatment in between, i.e. approaching the CR sows in the gestation periods and the CA sows in the lactation periods. At first service LW was 130 kg and backfat thickness 14 mm. During the fourth lactation LW averaged 190 kg in CR sows and around 220 kg for SA and CA sows, and backfat thickness was 11 mm in CR sows and around 16 mm in SA and CA sows. SA sows tended to rebreed earlier after weaning than did CR or CA sows. CA sows and in particular SA sows had higher incidences of agalactia symptoms and higher rectal temperatures post partum than CR sows. The culling rates did not differ between feeding regimes, although the predominant causes for culling did, being shoulder lesions and abscesses in thin CR sows and leg disorders in SA and CA sows. At the end of the experiment, however, more SA sows than others were retained in the experimental herd. It was concluded that the SA feeding regime was superior in terms of sow performance, despite an increased incidence of agalactia symptoms.

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