scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Mineral Content and Phytase Dose on Nutrient Utilization, Performance, Egg Traits and Bone Mineralization in Laying Hens from 22 to 31 Weeks of Age

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1495
Author(s):  
Mehran Javadi ◽  
Juan José Pascual ◽  
María Cambra-López ◽  
Judit Macías-Vidal ◽  
Andrés Donadeu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Egg Traits

A total of 192 laying hens were used to evaluate the effect of dietary mineral content and phytase dose on nutrient utilization, egg production and quality and bone mineralization of young laying hens. Four dietary treatments were studied: PC, positive control with no added phytase, 4.07% Ca and 0.61% P; NC, negative control with no added phytase, 2.97% Ca and 0.37% P; and P500 and P1000, where NC diet was supplemented with phytase at 500 and 1000 FTU/kg, respectively. Hens’ performance and egg traits were controlled from 22 to 31 weeks of age. Coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients were determined at 25 and 31 weeks of age. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and blood content of Ca and P, as well as bone traits, were determined at 31 weeks of age. Ca and P retention was higher in birds on PC diet at 25 weeks, but not at 31 weeks of age compared to those on NC diet (p < 0.05). P1000 birds had the highest CTTAD values for dry and organic matter at both ages (p < 0.001). CTTAD of Ca was significantly higher in P1000 diet than in NC diet at 31 weeks of age (p < 0.001). Birds fed with P500 diet at 25 weeks of age and P1000 at 31 weeks of age showed higher CTTAD and retention of P, but lower excretion of P than those fed NC diet (p < 0.05). Phytase inclusion linearly increased AID of dry matter and P (p < 0.001). P500 hens fed had the greatest body weight at the end of the trial (p < 0.05) and P1000 birds had the best feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). Fowl fed a PC diet produced eggs with higher shell thickness and yolk color than those fed on NC diet (p < 0.05). Phytase inclusion linearly increased the yolk color (p < 0.05). Tibia of laying hens fed with PC had significantly higher ash content than those on NC diet (p < 0.05), and birds fed with P1000 presented intermediate values. It can be concluded that it would be advisable to increase the dose of phytase in the feed of laying hens to obtain long-term benefits.

scholarly journals A Very Low CP Level Reduced Diarrhoea and Productivity in Weaner Pigs, but No Differences between Post-Weaning Diets Including Soybean Meal or Soy Protein Concentrate Were Found

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Julie C. Lynegaard ◽  
Niels J. Kjeldsen ◽  
Julie K. Bache ◽  
Nicolai R. Weber ◽  
Christian F. Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Soy Protein Concentrate ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
And Performance

Soy protein concentrate improves nutrient utilization and growth performance compared to soybean meal, and diets with a low crude protein (CP) level decreases diarrhoea. The objectives were to (1) test a low CP diet based on different soy products, and (2) to test a very-low CP diet (15.1%) with amino acids (AA) on diarrhoea and productivity. A total of 5,635 weaned pigs (~28 days), were assigned to five dietary treatments; PC (positive control): Standard CP levels (192, 189, 191 g/kg CP) with 2500 ppm ZnO; NC (negative control): Same as PC without ZnO; SP (Soy protein concentrate): Low CP levels (176, 174, 191 g/kg CP); SB (Soybean meal): Low CP levels (177, 176, 191 g/kg CP); and XLA (X-low CP + AA): Very low CP levels (154, 151, 191 g/kg CP) with AA. The PC and XLA diets reduced diarrhoea by 41 and 61%, respectively, compared to the NC group, while no difference between SB and SP were observed. The XLA diet reduced feed intake and daily gain compared with PC and NC, where SP, SB, and XLA had a poorer feed conversion compared with PC. Conclusively, the SP and SB low-protein diets did not reduce diarrhoea or growth performance, whereas the XLA diet decreased both diarrhoea and performance.

scholarly journals Effect of different phytases on the performance, nutrient retention and tibia composition in broiler chickens

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1028-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ptak ◽  
D. Józefiak ◽  
B. Kierończyk ◽  
M. Rawski ◽  
K. Żyła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Performance Response ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy

Abstract. The effect of different phytases on the performance response, nutrient utilization and tibia characteristics of chickens was investigated. The five pelleted diets were the following: positive control (PC) with added monocalcium phosphate; negative control (NC) formulated with equivalency values of phytase for Ca and digestible P; and three further diets where different phytases were individually added to the NC diet at 500 FTU/kg. The phytases were derived either from Aspergillus (phytase I), or E. coli (phytases II and III). Compared to PC, the performance parameters, as well as apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn), mineral retention, bone breaking force and tibia mineral content were suppressed by the reduction of dietary Ca and digestible P. All phytases enhanced the overall body weight gains and feed conversion ratio in comparison with NC, but none outperformed PC. Only phytase II improved AMEn compared to NC and PC group. However only phytase I outperformed NC group in terms of mineral retention and P retention was higher than phytase II and III. No significant differences were observed in fat digestibility and N retention. Bone strength among phytases did not differ and all improved this parameter compared to the NC diet. However, even though all phytases enhanced tibia minerals content, the improvement was less pronounced with phytase III. Moreover, the differences in all analysed tibia minerals between phytase III and II were significant suggesting that even among 6-phytases derived from and expressed in the same organism, different efficacy or mode of action can occur.

scholarly journals The effect of exogenous enzymes on the performance and digestibility of nutrients in broiler

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Dos Santos Andrade ◽  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Lucas Wachholz ◽  
Idiana Mara da Silva ◽  
Dimitri Moreira de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Enzyme Complex ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Exogenous Enzymes ◽  
Xylanase Enzyme

Here we tested how feeding with exogenous enzymes affects the performance, carcass yield, and ileal digestibility in broilers from 21- to 42-days-old. The study included 1008 male broilers randomly distributed into six diets: positive control (PC), corn and soybean meal containing all the nutritional requirements; negative control (NC), with a 120 kcal.kg-1 reduction in metabolizable energy relative to the PC; enzyme complex one (NC + 100 ppm of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase); enzyme complex two (NC + 200 ppm of xylanase, amylase and protease); enzyme blend one (NC + 100 FXU kg-1 of xylanase and 200 FXU kg-1 of amylase); and enzyme blend two (NC + 100 FXU kg-1 of xylanase and 300 FXU kg-1 of amylase). The enzyme complex two (CN + 100 FXU.kg de xilanase e 300 FXU.kg de amilase) and enzyme blend two (NC + 100 FXU kg-1 of xylanase and 300 FXU kg-1 of amylase) had greater weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield, and digestibility of nutrients than the NC (P < 0,05). We found that enzyme complex two and enzyme blend two valued their nutritional matrix promoting better performance and digestibility of broilers.

scholarly journals Efek penggunaan tepung umbi dan kulit bawang putih (Allium sativum Linn) sebagai feed additive terhadap penampilan produksi ayam petelur

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Maria Karolina Deko ◽  
Irfan H. Djunaidi ◽  
M. Halim Natsir
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Organic Additive ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Conversion

This study aims to evaluate the effect of giving Garlic and Allium sativum (TUKBP) Flour as feed additives on various levels of feeding in feed consumption, Hen Day Production (HDP), egg mass, feed conversion and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) in laying hens. A total of 320 laying hens strain Isa Brown produced by PT. Charoen Pokphand aged 30 weeks, divided into 8 treatments and 4 replications each replication using 10 chickens. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Eight treatment groups were as follows: basal feed + 0% TUKBP as negative control feed (P0), basal feed + virginiamycin antibiotic 0.015% as positive control (P1), and basal feed + TUKBP 0.25% (P2), 0, 50% (P3), 0.75% (P4), 1.00% (P5), 1.25% (P6) and 1.50% (P7). Data were analyzed using ANOVA test, if there were significant differences between treatments continued with Duncan's Multiple Range test. The results showed that feed with the addition of TUKBP can improve the appearance of laying hens, although it has not matched the feed with the addition of antibiotics. The use of TUKBP to the level of 1.50% in feed does not cause negative effects for laying hens. Administration of TUKBP at 1.00% level (P5) is able to replace synthetic antibiotics or as organic additive feeds in laying chicken feed.

scholarly journals Phytase and protease supplementation for laying hens in peak egg production

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 4285
Author(s):  
Bruno Serpa Vieira ◽  
Silvana Alves Pedrozo Vitalino Barbosa ◽  
João Marcos Novais Tavares ◽  
Inês Gameiro Colvara Beloli ◽  
Guilherme Moreira de Mello Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Negative Controls

The effects of the combination of enzymes in commercial laying hens need to be more explored in literature. To determine if the type of protease affects performance, egg quality, nutrient intake, and morphometry of intestinal mucosa of laying hens in peak egg production and fed with phytase, 780 25-weeks Hy-Line W36 hens were assigned to a completely randomized design composed of five treatments/diets (one positive control, two negative controls, and negative controls plus protease A or B), with 12 replicates of 13 birds each. There was no effect of treatments (P > 0.05) on egg production, egg mass and feed conversion, even though the nutritional restriction imposed by the negative controls reduced egg weight (P = 0.02), albumen height (P < 0.01), and Haugh unit (P < 0.01). Although inclusion of proteases in negative controls did not cause the calculated intake of protein and amino acids to return to the same amount consumed by positive-control hens, egg quality parameters returned to positive control standards with protease A. Intestinal mucosa responded to treatment only at jejunum, where birds fed with protease B showed greater (P < 0.01) villus height and crypt depth than those treated with protease A. These findings suggest that different proteases and phytases interact distinctly and, in consequence, induce different responses on the birds. Moreover, the behavior of egg quality parameters after protease A inclusion in the diet indicates that the nutritional contribution of the combination of this protease with phytase is greater than the contribution of protease alone.

95 Growth Performance, Bone Mineralization, and Nutrient Digestibility of Nursery-grower Pigs Fed Phytase-supplemented Calcium and Phosphorus-deficient Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 48-49
Author(s):  
Jung Wook Lee ◽  
Tyler Chevalier ◽  
Chris Sparks ◽  
Tom D Crenshaw ◽  
Merlin D Lindemann
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Abstract A 36-d experiment evaluated effects of supplemental OptiPhos Plus phytase (Huvepharma, Peachtree City, GA) on growth, bone mineralization, Ca and P digestibility of nursery-grower pigs. Individually housed crossbred pigs (n = 42; initial body weight [BW], 16.1 ± 0.4 kg) were randomly allotted to 7 dietary treatments based on BW and sex. A positive control (PC) diet was formulated to contain 0.601% Ca and 0.296% standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P, which were marginally lower than NRC (2012) requirement estimates for 25–50 kg pigs. A negative control (NC) diet (0.431% Ca and 0.164% STTD P) was developed by the removal of dicalcium phosphate from the PC diet and replacement with limestone and sand. Diets were: 1) PC, 2) NC, and 3–7) NC + 250, 500, 750, 1,000 and 1,500 FTU phytase/kg diet. On d 36, all pigs were euthanized for femur and metacarpal measures. Compared with NC, pigs fed the PC diet provided greater (P &lt; 0.05) response for ADG (966 vs. 730 g/d), ADFI (1,660 vs. 1,329 g/d); bone measures (37.1 vs. 17.4 g ash/femur and 71.9 vs. 29.3 kg for metacarpal strength), and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca (69.5 vs. 63.5%) and P (62.5 vs. 49.3%). As supplemental phytase increased from 0 to 1,500 FTU/kg of diet, linear and quadratic increases (P &lt; 0.002) occurred in overall ADG and ADFI, femur mineral content, metacarpal breaking strength, and ATTD of Ca and P. Responses statistically similar to PC were achieved at 250 or 500 FTU/kg and peak responses occurred at 750 to 1,500 FTU/kg that were numerically greater than PC for all but metacarpal strength. In conclusion, supplemental OptiPhos Plus improved growth, bone mineralization, Ca and P digestibility of pigs fed Ca and P-deficient diets, demonstrating enhanced Ca and P utilization of corn-soybean meal-based diets by nursery-grower pigs.

scholarly journals Effect of Phytase Derived from the E. coli AppA Gene on Weaned Piglet Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility and Bone Mineralization

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Wiśniewska ◽  
Lode Nollet ◽  
Anouk Lanckriet ◽  
Erik Vanderbeke ◽  
Spas Petkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Weaned Piglet ◽  
Bone Ash

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of novel appAT1 and appAT2 phytase inclusion at 250 phytase units (FTU)/kg on weaned piglet performance, the apparent total tract digestibility of P and Ca, and bone mineralization. Piglets (48 males) were randomly divided into four treatment groups: a positive control (PC), with recommended levels of phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca), a negative control (NC) deficient in P and Ca, and two experimental groups with NC diets supplemented with phytase derived from the appA gene of Escherichia coli. Diets fed in a mashed form were divided into prestarter (0–21 days) and starter (22–42 days) periods. During the whole period of the study, the experimental diets improved (p < 0.05) the body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the NC diet. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of the dry matter and crude protein was not significantly different among the diets. Phytase-supplemented diets improved the ATTD of P (p < 0.05) and the ATTD of Ca (p < 0.05). Bone ash content in the third metacarpal and P and Ca content were improved among the phytase supplemented diets compared to the NC diet.

ПРЕРЫВИСТОЕ ОСВЕЩЕНИЕ ПОВЫШАЕТ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ОСЕМЕНЕНИЯ КУР В КЛЕТКАХ

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Egg Fertility

Intermittent Lighting Improves the Efficiency of Artificial Insemination in Cage Housed Laying Hens Kavtarashvili A.Sh., Kolokolnikova T.N. Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” of Russian Academy of Sciences Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center Summary: The effects of different lighting regimes on the oviposition schedule, productive performance, and reproductive efficiency in cage housed laying hens of layer parental flock (Hisex White-R) were studied; the reasonable regime of artificial insemination (AI) under intermittent lighting is proposed. It was found that intermittent lighting regime 1L:4D:4L:1D:4L:10D compared to the constant lighting significantly alters oviposition schedule: under this regime 82.3% of all daily eggs were laid until 9 am (vs. 66.6% in control). This regime and AI at 10 am improved the productive and reproductive performance compared to control (constant lighting 16L:8D and AI at 12 am): mortality by 1.9%, egg production per initial hen by 3.8%, egg weight by 1.1%, percentage of eggs suitable for incubation by 1.9%, egg fertility by 0.9%, hatchability by 2.3%, hatch of chicks by 2.9%, feed conversion ratio (kg of feed per 10 eggs) by 5.3%, the expenses of electric energy for lighting (per 1000 eggs suitable for incubation) by 54.5%. Key words: INTERMITTENT LIGHTING, CAGE HOUSED LAYERS, ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION (AI), OVIPOSITION SCHEDULE, AI TIMING, PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE

scholarly journals Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices, Duodenal Histomorphology, and Cecal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Fed on Diets Supplemented with Cinnamon Bark Powder at Prestarter and Starter Phases

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Qaid ◽  
Saud I. Al-Mufarrej ◽  
Mahmoud M. Azzam ◽  
Maged A. Al-Garadi ◽  
Hani H. Albaadani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Maximum Improvement

Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 240) aged 1 day were assigned to five groups for eight replicates (six chicks for each) (3♂ and 3♀). Basal dietary groups were supplemented by 2000, 4000, and 6000 mg/kg cinnamon (CN) for 21 days. Basal diet alone was used as a negative control, and basal antibiotic diet (Colimox) was used as a positive control. At 10, 14, and 21 days of age, chicks that received 2000 mg CN and Colimox had a higher body weight, resulting in an increase in body weight gain. CN also resulted in the maximum improvement in the feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency over 1–21 days at the level of 2000 mg/kg. At days 10, the maximum relative breast weight was 2000 mg/kg of CN. Mean serum albumin concentrations, duodenal villus height, and goblet cell density increased (p < 0.05) by 2000 mg/kg of CN, and mean serum globulin and total protein concentrations and crypt depth increased (p < 0.05) by 6000 mg/kg of CN compared with control. Increased cecal Escherichia coli number was CN dose-dependent. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 2000 mg/kg CN can be applied as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for broiler starter diet.

scholarly journals Metabolizable energy levels for semi-heavy laying hens at the second production cycle

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-862
Author(s):  
Fernando Guilherme Perazzo Costa ◽  
Janaine Sena da Costa ◽  
Cláudia de Castro Goulart ◽  
Denise Fontana Figueiredo-Lima ◽  
Raul da Cunha Lima Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Conversion

This study was carried out to evaluate the energy levels in the diet to obtain better performance rates and quality of eggs from laying hens in the second production cycle. One hundred and eighty Bovans Goldline laying hens with 62 weeks of age were used during four 28-day periods. A completely randomized experimental design was used with four metabolizable energy levels (2,650, 2,725, 2,800, 2,875 and 2,950 kcal/kg), each with six replicates of six birds. The energy level of diet did not affect the weight of the egg, yolk, albumen and eggshell, the percentages of yolk, albumen and eggshell, yolk color and egg specific gravity. Feed intake, egg production, egg mass and feed conversion per egg mass and per dozen eggs increased significantly with increasing levels of metabolizable energy. Feed intake decreased linearly as the energy level in the diet increased. The metabolizable energy levels showed a quadratic effect on egg production, egg mass and feed conversion per egg mass and per dozen eggs. The metabolizable energy level of 2,830 kcal/kg was the most appropriate to promote better performance and quality of eggs from laying hens in the second production cycle.

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