scholarly journals Deathly Silent: Exploring the Global Lack of Data Relating to Stranded Cetacean Euthanasia

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1460
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Boys ◽  
Ngaio J. Beausoleil ◽  
Emma L. Betty ◽  
Karen A. Stockin
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Welfare Impacts ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Few Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Available Information

The compromised state of stranded cetaceans means that euthanasia is often required. However, current knowledge and implementation of euthanasia methods remain highly variable, with limited data on the practicalities and welfare impacts of procedures. This study evaluated the available published data on cetacean euthanasia, highlighting knowledge gaps and providing direction to improve stranded cetacean welfare. A total of 2147 peer-reviewed articles describing marine mammal euthanasia were examined. Of these 3.1% provided details on the method used, with 91% employing chemical methods. Two countries, the United Kingdom (UK) and New Zealand (NZ), provided euthanasia reports to the International Whaling Commission (IWC) between 2007 and 2020. Methods employed were reported for 78.3% and 100% of individual cetaceans euthanised in the UK and NZ, respectively. In the UK, chemical euthanasia was most common (52%), whilst in NZ only ballistics methods were used. Few data were available about time to death/insensibility (TTD); 0.5% of peer-reviewed articles provided TTD, whilst TTD was reported for 35% of individuals in the UK and for 98% in NZ. However, IWC reports lacked detail on how death/insensibility were assessed, with multiple individuals “presumed instantly” killed. Overall, the findings highlight the lack of available information on cetacean euthanasia, and suggest increased data collection and the application of appropriate methods to improve welfare.

AIDS defining conditions in Africans resident in the United Kingdom

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Del Amo ◽  
B. T. Goh ◽  
G. E. Forster
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Published Data ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Mean ◽  
African Patients ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Time Of Presentation ◽  
Oesophageal Candidiasis

A retrospective study of 55 HIV-1 seropositive African patients living in the UK, seen between January 1986 and November 1993, showed a total of 26 (47%) patients with AIDS. Thirty-one (56%) had symptomatic HIV disease at the time of presentation of whom 19 (34.5%) had an AIDS defining condition. Tuberculosis was the most common AIDS defining illness, accounting for 27% of all initial AIDS diagnoses, followed by Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and oesophageal candidiasis in 19% each and chronic mucocutaneous genital herpes in 15%. The mean CD4 count at the time of the first AIDS defining event was 91 multiply 10/mm3 (range 4-320 10/ mm3). The profile of AIDS defining illnesses was different to published data of homosexual men and injecting drug users in the UK. This has practical implications when considering differential diagnoses and screening as well as prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in this group of patients.

scholarly journals Canopy Accumulation: Are Seagrass Meadows a Sink of Microplastics?

Oceans ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-178
Author(s):  
Richard K. F. Unsworth ◽  
Alex Higgs ◽  
Bettina Walter ◽  
Leanne C. Cullen-Unsworth ◽  
Isabella Inman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Site

A growing body of research is documenting the accumulation of microplastics within marine sediments around the world. The hydrodynamic influences of seagrasses in coastal environments are shown to increase sedimentation of finer particles and as a result there has been speculation that this attribute will lead to seagrass meadows acting as a site of elevated microplastic contamination. To date a range of localised studies have provided conflicting answers to this hypothesis. Seagrass meadows provide multiple ecosystem services including vital support roles for a range of fisheries; therefore, there are considerable human health implications for understanding their role as sinks of microplastics. This research investigated the abundance and diversity of microplastics present in temperate North Atlantic seagrass meadow sediments relative to unvegetated sediments and examined how they correlate with the meadow structure and the sediment type. We also placed this data in the context of the current knowledge of microplastics in seagrass sediments through a global meta-analysis of published data. Eight seagrass meadows and adjacent unvegetated sites around the UK were sampled to test for the abundance of microplastic particles in the sediment. Microplastics were found in 98% of the samples, with fibres making up 91.8% of all microplastics identified. Abundance was recorded to overall be 215 ± 163 microplastic particles (MP) kg−1 Dry Weight (DW) of sediment in seagrass and 221 ± 236 MP kg−1 DW of sediment in unvegetated habitats. There were no significant differences found between the number of MP with respect to vegetation. We report evidence of the almost ubiquitous contamination of seagrass sediments with microplastics both in the UK and globally but find that the contamination reflects a general build-up of microplastics in the wider environment rather than becoming concentrated within seagrass as an enhanced sink. Microplastic build up in sediments is hypothesised to be the result of local hydrodynamics and plastic sources rather than the result of elevated habitat level concentration. Although not of a higher abundance in seagrass, such contamination in seagrass is of cause for concern given the high dependency of many species of fish on these habitat types and the potential for plastics to move up the food chain.

scholarly journals Use of febuxostat in the management of gout in the United Kingdom

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arabella Waller ◽  
Kelsey M. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

Gout is the most common cause of inflammatory arthritis worldwide. Despite clinical cure being achievable and multiple evidence-based guidelines having been published, the incidence and prevalence continues to increase and the condition remains undertreated. Concerns regarding allopurinol have limited its use in those with renal impairment. Febuxostat, a novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor requiring no dose adjustment in mild−moderate renal impairment was launched in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2010. We review published data on the efficacy, safety and tolerability of febuxostat and provide an opinion on its place in the management of gout in the UK in the context of other published guidelines. One phase II trial, multiple phase III trials [febuxostat versus allopurinol controlled trial (FACT), APEX, CONFIRMS] and two open-label extension trials have demonstrated febuxostat given at the doses commonly used in UK practice (80 mg, 120 mg) to reduce serum urate more effectively than those receiving fixed-dose allopurinol. Overall adverse event rates were comparable across treatment groups aside from gout flare (more common in febuxostat-treated patients) and concerns regarding cardiovascular toxicity are being further evaluated in two large trials. If the outcomes of these are favourable, we would anticipate a marked increase in the use of febuxostat in the UK market. We would advocate the use of febuxostat to target a serum urate < 0.3 mmol/l (5 mg/dl) as a second-line urate-lowering therapy in patients with hyperuricaemia, and clinical gout in those intolerant of allopurinol, or in those in whose renal function precludes optimal dose escalation to achieve target serum urate. We would advise prophylaxis against gouty flare with colchicine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or Cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective NSAID (COXIB) after febuxostat initiation.

scholarly journals Preliminary Case Report on the SARS-CoV-2 Cluster in the UK, France, and Spain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma B. Hodcroft
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Large Cluster ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Ski Resort ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Almost half of the confirmed COVID-19 cases detected so far in the United Kingdom are part of a large cluster of 13 British nationals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the UK, Spain, and France. Transmissions among this cluster occurred at a ski resort in France, and originated from a single infected traveller returning from a conference in Singapore where he acquired the virus. At least 21 individuals were exposed to the virus, tested, and quarantined, with 13 of those testing positive between the period of 6th Feb and 15th Feb. Here, all publicly available information about the primarily UK/France cluster is consolidated, providing a complete and accessible summary of the cases and their connections. Notable in this cluster are the number of individuals infected, the apparent absence of any severe illness among those infected, and a case of a `delayed positive' test during isolation after initially testing negative, at least 7 days after last possible contact.

scholarly journals Value added knowledge by prosumers in Poland and the UK specifically for service process stages

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-126
Author(s):  
Roisin Mullins ◽  
Monika Eisenbardt ◽  
Sandra Dettmer ◽  
Ewa Ziemba
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
Service Process ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Customer Services ◽  
The Uk

The purpose of the paper is to advance research on knowledge sharing by prosumers with enterprises and public organizations by examining and better understanding what knowledge about improving services, prosumers currently share and would like to share in future. The paper verifies a proposed theoretical framework by showing those service knowledge items that prosumers can share with enterprises and public organizations. The reported outcomes result from a survey that yielded responses by 171 prosumers from the United Kingdom (UK) and 783 from Poland. The research findings describe the differences between prosumers in Poland and the UK, both in their current knowledge sharing experiences and their desired future knowledge sharing. The analysis of the results shows that in general prosumers would like to share knowledge more widely than they are sharing currently. Furthermore, the findings show that Polish prosumers currently share knowledge marginally more than their counterparts in the UK. Should they be given the opportunity Poland-based prosumers would like to share knowledge more widely than their UK-based counterparts. In particular the results reveal that both in Poland and the UK, prosumers want to engage with enterprises in sharing knowledge relevant to the ordering process and the customer services process. This finding is relevant to any enterprises that may like to engage prosumers in providing feedback about their service offerings.

scholarly journals Institutionalization of Foreign Policy Think Tanks in Italy and in the UK: An Explanatory Framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Longhini
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Funding Policy ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Us ◽  
Closed Door ◽  
Few Data ◽  
The Uk

Abstract This article explores the phenomenon of foreign policy think tanks in Europe in a comparative perspective and offers a framework of analysis for this topic. Assuming that think tanks were largely imported from the US after World Wars I and II, the article argues that European think tanks have been influenced by the different national political contexts in which they have undergone a process of institutionalization. First, the article hypothesizes that such contexts have contributed to determining different incentives for cooperation between think tanks and national policymakers. Such cooperation is based on the willingness of policymakers to turn to think tanks for expertise, advice or validation of policy decisions. Secondly, different political contexts are expected to influence the strategies of action that think tanks have developed towards policymakers and their audience. In this respect, the article identifies three strategies: the generalist, the advocate and the lobbyist. Empirically, the article is based on a survey of eleven organizations conducted in two countries, Italy and the United Kingdom, in 2013-14. Given that very few data are available on this type of organization, their activities, funding, policy audience and goals are investigated. These indicators are used to investigate the main commonalities and differences between the two cases and to compare them with the hypotheses. The results first show that there is comparatively more funding available for think tanks in the UK system than in the Italian one. Secondly, there is apparently more willingness from policymakers to turn to think tanks for expertise in the former case, considering that the UK think tanks hold a higher number of closed-door events and parliamentary hearings. On the contrary, where policymakers tend, instead, to more scarcely rely on external expertise - as it seems more evident in the Italian case - the core audience of think tanks tends to shift to other, more accessible targets (the public opinion, the academia or even businesses). The case study makes it more evident how advocacy becomes a far less important activity for an Italian think tank than a UK one.

scholarly journals Plasmodium Helical Interspersed Subtelomeric (PHIST) Proteins, at the Center of Host Cell Remodeling

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan D. Warncke ◽  
Ioannis Vakonakis ◽  
Hans-Peter Beck
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Surface Display ◽  
Protein Family ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cell Remodeling ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Available Information

SUMMARYDuring the asexual cycle,Plasmodium falciparumextensively remodels the human erythrocyte to make it a suitable host cell. A large number of exported proteins facilitate this remodeling process, which causes erythrocytes to become more rigid, cytoadherent, and permeable for nutrients and metabolic products. Among the exported proteins, a family of 89 proteins, called thePlasmodiumhelical interspersed subtelomeric (PHIST) protein family, has been identified. While also found in otherPlasmodiumspecies, the PHIST family is greatly expanded inP. falciparum. Although a decade has passed since their first description, to date, most PHIST proteins remain uncharacterized and are of unknown function and localization within the host cell, and there are few data on their interactions with other host or parasite proteins. However, over the past few years, PHIST proteins have been mentioned in the literature at an increasing rate owing to their presence at various localizations within the infected erythrocyte. Expression of PHIST proteins has been implicated in molecular and cellular processes such as the surface display of PfEMP1, gametocytogenesis, changes in cell rigidity, and also cerebral and pregnancy-associated malaria. Thus, we conclude that PHIST proteins are central to host cell remodeling, but despite their obvious importance in pathology, PHIST proteins seem to be understudied. Here we review current knowledge, shed light on the definition of PHIST proteins, and discuss these proteins with respect to their localization and probable function. We take into consideration interaction studies, microarray analyses, or data from blood samples from naturally infected patients to combine all available information on this protein family.

Hunger and charitable emergency food provision in the UK and beyond

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Lambie-Mumford
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Food Provision ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Food Charity

Chapter 2 discusses in more detail the rise of food charity in the United Kingdom. It provides international, historical and policy context to this rise as well as an exploration of current knowledge relating to household food insecurity in the UK.

İngiltere’den Türkiye’ye ‘Düzensiz’ Göçmen Dövizi Gönderme Davranışının Nedenleri Üzerine Nitel Bir İnceleme

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-190
Author(s):  
Fethiye Tilbe
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Money Transfers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Migrant Groups

Bu makale, göçmen dövizi  akımlarında “düzensizlik” olarak ifade ettiğimiz, Türkiye’ye resmi kanallar dışında gönderilen enformel  göçmen dövizlerini, Birleşik Krallık’ta (özellikle Londra’da) yaşayan Türkiye kökenli göçmenler açısından incelemektedir. Her göçmen grubu, gerek ev sahibi ülkedeki düzenleyici çerçeve ve sosyo-ekonomik koşullar, gerek göçmen topluluğunun sosyo-kültürel değerleri tarafından belirlenen biçimde, farklı göçmen dövizi transfer biçimlerine eğilim sergilemektedir. Dolayısıyla farklı ülkelerdeki aynı kökenden göçmen toplulukları, ev sahibi ülkedeki dinamikler nedeniyle göçmen dövizlerinin formel ya da enformel (düzenli ya da düzensiz) gönderiminde farklılaşabilirken, aynı ülkedeki farklı ülke kökenli göçmen grupları da pek çok örüntünün etkisiyle farklı eğilim gösterebilmektedir. Nitel araştırma tasarımı kapsamında 27 göçmen ve 7 anahtar statüdeki katılımcıyla gerçekleştirilen yüz yüze görüşmelere dayalı olan bu çalışma, Birleşik Krallık’tan Türkiye’ye göçmen dövizi gönderimindeki düzensizlik olgusunu, her iki ülkenin sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel dinamikleriyle ilişkilendirerek incelemeyi ve nedenlerini ortaya çıkarmayı amaç edinmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, göçmenlik statüsü, gönderilen para miktar ve sıklığı ile geleneksel ilişki ağlarına olan güvenin yanında, Birleşik Krallık’taki sosyal yardım ve çalışma biçimine ilişkinin düzenleyici çerçevenin ve göçmenlerin sosyo-ekonomik durumlarının Türkiye’ye enformel göçmen dövizi gönderiminde temel belirleyici olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHA Qualitative Examination of Determinants of Remittances Sending Behaviour Among Immigrants from Turkey in the UKThis article examines the causes of irregularity in remittances flows from the United Kingdom (UK) to Turkey, from the perspective of migrants from Turkey living in the UK. Each group of migrants prefers different types of remittance sending methods, as determined by the regulatory framework and socio-economic conditions in the host country and the socio-cultural values of the migrant community. Therefore, migrant communities of the same origin in different countries may differ in using formal or informal sending methods of remittances due to the dynamics in the host country. Similarly, migrant groups of different nationalities in the same country may show different tendencies due to the influence of many patterns. Similarly, migrant groups of different nationalities in the same country may show different tendencies due to the influence of many patterns. This study aims to examine the phenomenon of irregularities in sending remittances by associating with the social, economic and cultural dynamics of both countries. For this purpose, face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with 27 immigrants and 7 key status participants by using qualitative research method. The obtained results reveal that the regulatory framework relating to social assistance and labour market in the UK, immigration status, the frequency and the amount of money sent and confidence in traditional relationship networks is the main determinants of informal money transfers to Turkey.

TBE in United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Probable Case ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
South West ◽  
Louping Ill ◽  
The Uk ◽  
North And South ◽  
South West England

Until 2019, TBE was considered only to be an imported disease to the United Kingdom. In that year, evidence became available that the TBEV is likely circulating in the country1,2 and a first “probable case” of TBE originating in the UK was reported.3 In addition to TBEV, louping ill virus (LIV), a member of the TBEV-serocomplex, is also endemic in parts of the UK. Reports of clinical disease caused by LIV in livestock are mainly from Scotland, parts of North and South West England and Wales.4

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