scholarly journals Canine Placenta Histological Findings and Microvascular Density: The Histological Basis of a Negative Neonatal Outcome?

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1418
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Sarli ◽  
Carolina Castagnetti ◽  
Carlo Bianco ◽  
Giulia Ballotta ◽  
Giorgia Tura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Frequent Finding ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Formalin Fixed ◽  
Group 1

Placenta is essential for the development of the fetus, and its impaired function can lead to a negative outcome (i.e., neonatal mortality). In dogs, investigations on placenta histology and neonatal outcome in healthy bitches are lacking, and a contribution is provided in this study to emphasize the use of placenta histology in practice. Fifty-one placentas from 11 litters were collected during cesarean section, classified according to the litter size (large (L) or small (S)) and the outcome, this latter as healthy (Group 1) or dead within 7 days (Group 2). The placenta/puppy weight ratio (PPR) was calculated, and specimens were formalin-fixed and paraffin-wax embedded, and on the resulting histological slides, capillary density (CD) was quantified. Among necrosis, calcification, and intravascular leucocytes, only the presence of multifocal-confluent necrosis (significantly more frequent in Group 2) was associated with a higher risk of death within 7 days (odds ratio = 30.7). Mixed logistic regression ruled out the effect on death both of a bitch and cesarean type (programmed vs. emergency). PPR and CD values were associated with litter size; large litters had lower PPR (p < 0.01) and higher CD (p < 0.05) than small litters. The relationship between PPR and CD was negative and significant (p < 0.01). Necrosis was a frequent finding in canine placentas, but only when multifocal-confluent was it associated with a poor outcome. The litter size influenced PPR (lower in L) and CD (higher in L), and this is likely due to the plasticity of placenta adaptation.

The Relationship between Serum Ferritin Levels and 5-Year All-Cause Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Emre Erdem ◽  
Ahmet Karatas ◽  
Tevfik Ecder
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The effect of high serum ferritin levels on long-term mortality in hemodialysis patients is unknown. The relationship between serum ferritin levels and 5-year all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients was investigated in this study. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 173 prevalent hemodialysis patients were included in this study. The patients were followed for up to 5 years and divided into 3 groups according to time-averaged serum ferritin levels (group 1: serum ferritin &#x3c;800 ng/mL, group 2: serum ferritin 800–1,500 ng/mL, and group 3: serum ferritin &#x3e;1,500 ng/mL). Along with the serum ferritin levels, other clinical and laboratory variables that may affect mortality were also included in the Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Eighty-one (47%) patients died during the 5-year follow-up period. The median follow-up time was 38 (17.5–60) months. The 5-year survival rates of groups 1, 2, and 3 were 44, 64, and 27%, respectively. In group 3, the survival was lower than in groups 1 and 2 (log-rank test, <i>p</i> = 0.002). In group 1, the mortality was significantly lower than in group 3 (HR [95% CI]: 0.16 [0.05–0.49]; <i>p</i> = 0.001). In group 2, the mortality was also lower than in group 3 (HR [95% CI]: 0.32 [0.12–0.88]; <i>p</i> = 0.026). No significant difference in mortality between groups 1 and 2 was found (HR [95% CI]: 0.49 [0.23–1.04]; <i>p</i> = 0.063). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Time-averaged serum ferritin levels &#x3e;1,500 ng/mL in hemodialysis patients are associated with an increased 5-year all-cause mortality risk.

scholarly journals The outcome of patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) and impaired kidney function: a 3-year observational study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Zalewska-Adamiec ◽  
Jolanta Malyszko ◽  
Ewelina Grodzka ◽  
Lukasz Kuzma ◽  
Slawomir Dobrzycki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) constitutes about 10% of the cases of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). It is a working diagnosis and requires further diagnostics to determine the cause of ACS. Methods In this study, 178 patients were initially diagnosed with MINOCA over a period of 3 years at the Department of Invasive Cardiology of the University Clinical Hospital in Białystok. The value of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated for all patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the value of eGFR: group 1—53 patients with impaired kidney function (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2; 29.8%) and group 2—125 patients with normal kidney function (eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2; 70.2%). Results In group 1, the mean age of patients was significantly higher than that of group 2 patients (77.40 vs 59.27; p < 0.0001). Group had more women than group 2 (73.58% vs 49.60%; p = 0.003). Group 1 patients had higher incidence rate of arterial hypertension (92.45% vs 60.80%; p < 0.0001) and diabetes (32.08% vs 9.60%; p = 0.0002) and smoked cigarettes (22.64% vs 40.80%; p = 0.020). Group 1 patients had higher incidence rate of pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock, sudden cardiac arrest (13.21% vs 4.00%; p = 0.025), and pneumonia (22.64% vs 6.40%; p = 0.001). After the 37-month observation, the mortality rate of the patients with MINOCA was 16.85%. Among group two patients, more of them became deceased during hospitalization (7.55% vs 0.80%; p = 0.012), followed by after 1 year (26.42% vs 7.20%; p = 0.0004) and after 3 years (33.96% vs 9.6%; p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the factors increasing the risk of death in MINOCA are as follows: older age, low eGFR, higher creatinine concentration, low left ventricular ejection fraction, and ST elevation in ECG. Conclusion Impaired kidney function is diagnosed in every third patient with MINOCA. Early and late prognosis of patents with MINOCA and renal dysfunction is poor, and their 3-year mortality is comparable to patients with myocardial infarction with significant stenosis of the coronary arteries and impaired kidney function.

scholarly journals Vermal Length and Transcerebellar Diameter in Gestational Age Estimation: A Guide to Forensic Expert

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Nadia Ahmad ◽  
S. L. Jethani ◽  
Deepa Singh ◽  
Ruchira Nautiyal
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Age Regression ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Gestational Age Estimation ◽  
Formalin Fixed ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Transcerebellar diameter is one of the reliable, constant predicting parameters to assess the gestational age and fetal growth. Other than this, measurements of vermis, mostly the vermal length (height), have also been mentioned by authors to assess gestational age. Establishing a correlation between parameters and advancing gestation would be helpful in estimating the gestational age of fetus. Aims and Objectives To establish a correlation of vermal length and transcerebellar diameter with gestational age. Materials and Methods An observational and descriptive study conducted on 60 formalin-fixed human cerebellums. Fetuses with gross congenital/neurological abnormality were excluded. Fetuses were grouped into four groups—group 1 (13–17 weeks), group 2 (18–22 weeks), group 3 (23–27 weeks), and group 4 (28–32 weeks of gestation). Vermal length and transcerebellar diameter were measured with help of Vernier calipers. The data obtained were analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 20.0 and one-way analysis of variance. Observation A linear increase in vermal length parameters and transcerebellar diameter were seen with increasing gestational age. Regression analysis was done and regression equation was derived for each parameter. Conclusion Such correlations would help in fetal age determination in the field of forensic studies.

scholarly journals Factors associated with rs1801394 of the methionine synthase reductase gene polymorphism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Krylov ◽  
G. I. Gridneva ◽  
Yu. V. Muravyev
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Methionine Synthase ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Allelic Discrimination ◽  
Methionine Synthase Reductase ◽  
Reductase Gene ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

Clinical response to methotrexate (MT) therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be predicted on the basis of some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes, involved in folate metabolism. One of these SNPs is the rs1801394 (A66G) polymorphism of the methionine synthase reductase gene (MTRR). We investigated the association of this polymorphism with the clinical characteristics of RA patients after 6 months of MT therapy. Studies of the relationship between the response to MT therapy and the rs1801394 polymorphism have not been carried out in Russia previously.Objective: to study the possible association of the rs1801394 polymorphism with the clinical characteristics of patients with RA after 6 months of MT therapy.Patients and methods. The study included 60 patients with RA who met the ACR / EULAR criteria (2010) and received≥20 mg MT per week continuously. Based on the EULAR criteria, patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=30) with a good (DAS28>1.2) and group 2 (n=30) with an unsatisfactory (DAS28 <1.2) response to MT therapy. Genotyping of the rs1801394 polymorphism was performed by allelic discrimination using real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results and discussion. The frequency distribution of the A66G polymorphism genotypes in both groups was similar, however, in the 2nd group with an unsatisfactory response, there was a tendency towards a higher frequency of the mutant GG genotype (p=0.067). An association of the A66G polymorphism with gender and disease duration was found. In group 1, the AG genotype was more often detected in men than in women (p=0.017). In group 2, the AG genotype was also more common in men (p=0.075). In addition, in this group, carriers of the G allele (genotypes AG and GG) had a longer duration of the disease than carriers of the AA genotype (p=0.003 and p=0.005, respectively).Conclusion. In the present study, the relationship of the studied polymorphism rs1801394 of the MTRR gene with gender and duration of RA disease was established.

scholarly journals A sexually-dimorphic murine model of IUGR induced by embryo transfer

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harleen Kaur ◽  
Alison S. Care ◽  
Rebecca L Wilson ◽  
Sandra G Piltz ◽  
Paul Q Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
Cd1 Mice ◽  
The Relationship

Animal models are needed to develop interventions to prevent or treat intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Fetal growth rates and effects of in utero exposures differ between sexes, but little is known about sex-specific effects of increasing litter size. We established a murine IUGR model using pregnancies generated by multiple embryo transfers, and evaluated sex-specific responses to increasing litter size. CBAF1 embryos were collected at gestation day 0.5 (GD0.5) and 6, 8, 10 or 12 embryos were transferred into each uterine horn of pseudo-pregnant female CD1 mice (n=32). Fetal and placental outcomes were measured at GD18.5. In the main experiment fetuses were genotyped (Sry) for analysis of sex-specific outcomes. The number of implantation sites (P=0.033) and litter size (number of fetuses, P=0.008) correlated positively with number of embryos transferred, while placental weight correlated negatively with litter size (both P<0.01). The relationship between viable litter size and fetal weight differed between sexes (interaction P=0.002), such that fetal weights of males (P=0.002), but not females (P=0.233), correlated negatively with litter size. Placental weight decreased with increasing litter size (P<0.001) and was lower in females than males (P=0.020). Our results suggest that male fetuses grow as fast as permitted by nutrient supply, whereas the female maintains placental reserve capacity. This strategy reflecting sex-specific gene expression is likely to place the male fetus at greater risk of death in the event of a “second hit”.

scholarly journals Inverse Relationship between Adenoid Size and Asthma or Atopy in Children: A Preliminary Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 409-414
Author(s):  
Yangseop Noh ◽  
Ji-Eun Choi ◽  
Kyung Eun Lee ◽  
Seung-Kyu Chung ◽  
Sang Duk Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Allergic Sensitization ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Adenoid Hypertrophy ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Diagnosis Criteria ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

Background and Objectives One of the most common surgical procedures in children is adenoidectomy, but the causes of adenoid hypertrophy are not fully understood. Some studies have found that allergies can be a risk factor for adenoid hypertrophy, asthma being one of these allergic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adenoid size and asthma in a group of children.Subjects and Method This study reviewed a total of 2063 pediatric patients with or without atopy and asthma who visited the Otorhinolaryngology and Pediatric unit at a tertiary medical center from January 2011 to June 2016. We classified these patients into 4 groups according to the presence of asthma or atopy and randomly selected 100 patients from each group (to a total of 400 pts): group 1 (asthma-, atopy-); group 2 (asthma-, atopy+); group 3 (asthma+, atopy-) and group 4 (asthma+, atopy+). The presence of allergic sensitization (atopy) was evaluated by CAP test and total IgE. Asthma was diagnosed according to the diagnosis criteria in the Korean guideline for asthma. Adenoid size was evaluated with the adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio (A/N ratio) by the adenoid view.Results The four groups did not differ from each other significantly in age or sex. There was a negative correlation between adenoid size and atopic and asthmatic condition. Group 1 had a significantly larger A/N ratio than the other groups (group 1=0.534±0.138; group 2=0.469± 0.140; group 3=0.476±0.135; group 4=0.482±0.128, <i>p</i><0.05). However, group 4 showed nearly identical results to groups 2 and 3, despite the combination of asthma and atopy in group 4.Conclusion Large adenoids were negatively associated with atopy and asthma. This finding may be explained by a decrease in adenoid stimulation by nasal obstruction and a difference in the immune system, including allergic immune reactions. Further studies are needed.

Motor cycles with phase III in antrum are associated with high motilin levels and prolonged gallbladder emptying

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (4) ◽  
pp. G596-G600 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Stolk ◽  
K. J. van Erpecum ◽  
A. J. Smout ◽  
L. M. Akkermans ◽  
J. B. Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Gallbladder Motility ◽  
Gallbladder Emptying ◽  
Motor Complex ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

We examined the relationship of interdigestive gallbladder emptying with the different phases of the migrating motor complex (MMC) and with plasma levels of cholecystokinin (CCK) and motilin. In 10 volunteers 20 cycles of the MMC were recorded. In 11 cycles phase III occurred in antrum and duodenum (group 1). In nine cycles phase III was observed only in duodenum (group 2). In group 1 gallbladder emptying started at 30% of total cycle length and continued until the end of the cycle. Maximal gallbladder emptying was 33.3 +/- 3.3% (SE). In group 2 gallbladder emptying also started at 30% of total cycle length but ended at 60%. Maximal gallbladder emptying in this group was 24.3 +/- 3.1% (P < 0.05). Motilin levels were higher in group 1 than in group 2 during phase IIB (240.1 +/- 28.5 and 142.1 +/- 30.9 pg/ml, respectively, P < 0.05) and during phase III (210.8 +/- 24.3 and 93.5 +/- 12.5 pg/ml, respectively, P < 0.05). We conclude that: 1) phase III activities starting in the antrum are preceded by greater and prolonged gallbladder emptying, higher motilin levels, and higher intraduodenal bile acid concentrations than phase III activities starting in the duodenum and 2) no relationship between interdigestive gallbladder motility and CCK levels could be demonstrated.

scholarly journals Interaction Between Age and Change in Velocity During a Baseball Training Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 232596712092793
Author(s):  
Christopher Antonacci ◽  
Thomas R. Atlee ◽  
Peter N. Chalmers ◽  
Christopher Hadley ◽  
Meghan E. Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Baseball Pitchers ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

Background: Pitching velocity is one of the most important metrics used to evaluate a baseball pitcher’s effectiveness. The relationship between age and pitching velocity after a lighter ball baseball training program has not been determined. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between age and pitching velocity after a lighter ball baseball training program. We hypothesized that pitching velocity would significantly increase in all adolescent age groups after a lighter baseball training program, without a significant difference in magnitude of increase based on age. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Baseball pitchers aged 10 to 17 years who completed a 15-week training program focused on pitching mechanics and velocity improvement were included in this study. Pitchers were split into 3 groups based on age (group 1, 10-12 years; group 2, 13-14 years; group 3, 15-17 years), and each group trained independently. Pitch velocity was assessed at 4 time points (sessions 3, 10, 17, and 25). Mean, maximum, and mean change in pitch velocity between sessions were compared by age group. Results: A total of 32 male baseball pitchers were included in the analysis. Mean/maximum velocity increased in all 3 age groups: 3.4/4.8 mph in group 1, 5.3/5.5 mph in group 2, and 5.3/5.2 mph in group 3. While mean percentage change in pitch velocity increased in all 3 age groups (group 1, 6.5%; group 2, 8.3%; group 3, 7.6%), the magnitude of change was not significantly different among age groups. Program session number had a significant effect on mean and maximum velocity, with higher mean and maximum velocity seen at later sessions in the training program ( P = .018). There was no interaction between age and program session within either mean or maximum velocity ( P = .316 and .572, respectively). Conclusion: Age had no significant effect on the magnitude of increase in maximum or mean baseball pitch velocity during a velocity and mechanics training program in adolescent males.

scholarly journals Evaluation of DNA Methylation Changes and Micronuclei in Workers Exposed to a Construction Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isana Silva ◽  
Manoela Ramos ◽  
Lídia Arantes ◽  
André Lengert ◽  
Marco Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Environmental Air ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

Methylation levels in tumor-suppressor genes and repetitive sequences have previously been used to study the relationship between environmental air pollution and epigenetic changes related to cancer. In this study, we measured the methylation profiles of the promoter regions CDKN2A, MLH1 and APC and the repetitive sequence LINE-1 in 59 workers exposed to the construction environment and in 49 unexposed workers. We also evaluated the micronuclei frequency and levels of trace elements in the blood of all workers. We evaluated of levels of particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at the construction site to characterize the environmental exposure. Our findings demonstrated that exposed workers exhibited significantly higher average levels of promoter methylation of CDKN2A, APC, and MLH1 genes and increased hypomethylation of the LINE-1 in comparison to unexposed workers (all p < 0.05). A higher frequency of micronuclei was observed in the exposed group (2 ± 2) compared to the unexposed group (1 ± 1) with p < 0.001. High levels of particulate matter (51–841 μg/m3) and some PAHs were found in samples from the construction environment. In summary, we provide evidence of increased DNA damage and altered DNA methylation of exposed workers, suggesting that genomic approaches to biomonitoring may be an effective way of estimating future cancer risk for construction workers.

scholarly journals A Strategic Approach to Implementation of Medical Mentorship Programs

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Caruso ◽  
Diane H. Steinberg ◽  
Nancy Piro ◽  
Kimberly Walker ◽  
Rebecca Blankenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mentorship Program ◽  
Professional Aspirations ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Background Mentors influence medical trainees' experiences through career enhancement and psychosocial support, yet some trainees never receive benefits from involved mentors. Objective Our goals were to examine the effectiveness of 2 interventions aimed at increasing the number of mentors in training programs, and to assess group differences in mentor effectiveness, the relationship between trainees' satisfaction with their programs given the presence of mentors, and the relationship between the number of trainees with mentors and postgraduate year (PGY). Methods In group 1, a physician adviser funded by the graduate medical education department implemented mentorships in 6 residency programs, while group 2 involved a training program with funded physician mentoring time. The remaining 89 training programs served as controls. Chi-square tests were used to determine differences. Results Survey responses from group 1, group 2, and controls were 47 of 84 (56%), 34 of 78 (44%), and 471 of 981 (48%, P = .38), respectively. The percentages of trainees reporting a mentor in group 1, group 2, and the control group were 89%, 97%, and 79%, respectively (P = .01). There were no differences in mentor effectiveness between groups. Mentored trainees were more likely to be satisfied with their programs (P = .01) and to report that faculty supported their professional aspirations (P = .001). Across all programs, fewer first-year trainees (59%) identified a mentor compared to PGY-2 through PGY-8 trainees (84%, P &lt; .001). Conclusions A supported mentorship program is an effective way to create an educational environment that maximizes trainees' perceptions of mentorship and satisfaction with their training programs.

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