scholarly journals Antioxidation Defenses of Apis mellifera Queens and Workers Respond to Imidacloprid in Different Age-Dependent Ways: Old Queens Are Resistant, Foragers Are Not

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1246
Author(s):  
Jerzy Paleolog ◽  
Jerzy Wilde ◽  
Artur Miszczak ◽  
Marek Gancarz ◽  
Aneta Strachecka
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Oxidative Aging ◽  
Aging Theory ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Total Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Young Old

We investigated how different antioxidant defenses (ADSs) were shaped by evolution in young/old Apis mellifera workers and queens to broaden the limited knowledge on whether ADSs are effective in contemporary pesticide environments and to complete bee oxidative-aging theory. We acquired 1-day-old, 20-day-old, and 2-year-old queens and 1-day-old and 20-day-old workers (foragers) fed 0, 5, or 200 ppb imidacloprid, a pesticide oxidative stressor. The activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase and the level of total antioxidant potential were determined in hemolymph. The ADS was upregulated in workers with age but downregulated in queens. Imidacloprid suppressed the ADS in all workers, particularly in foragers with an upregulated ADS, but it did not affect the ADS in 1-day-old queens. In contrast to foragers, the downregulated ADS of 2-year-old queens was unexpectedly highly upregulated by imidacloprid, which has not been previously shown in such old queens. The principal component analysis confirmed that queen and worker ADSs responded to imidacloprid in opposite ways, and ADS of 2-year-queens was markedly different from those of others. Thus, evolutionary shaped ADSs of older queens and workers may be of the limited use for foragers dwelling in pesticide ecosystems, but not for old queens.

scholarly journals Resveratrol and Quercetin Administration Improves Antioxidant DEFENSES and reduces Fatty Liver in Metabolic Syndrome Rats

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rubio-Ruiz ◽  
Verónica Guarner-Lans ◽  
Agustina Cano-Martínez ◽  
Eulises Díaz-Díaz ◽  
Linaloe Manzano-Pech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Mixtures of resveratrol (RSV) + quercetin (QRC) have antioxidant properties that probably impact on fatty liver in metabolic syndrome (MS) individuals. Here, we study the effects of a mixture of RSV + QRC on oxidative stress (OS) and fatty liver in a rat model of MS. Weanling male Wistar rats were separated into four groups (n = 8): MS rats with 30% sucrose in drinking water plus RSV + QRC (50 and 0.95 mg/kg/day, respectively), MS rats without treatment, control rats (C), and C rats plus RSV + QRC. MS rats had increased systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, insulin levels, insulin resistance index homeostasis model (HOMA), adiponectin, and leptin. The RSV + QRC mixture compensated these variables to C values (p < 0.01) in MS rats. Lipid peroxidation and carbonylation were increased in MS. Total antioxidant capacity and glutathione (GSH) were decreased in MS and compensated in MS plus RVS + QRC rats. Catalase, superoxide dismutase isoforms, peroxidases, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and the expression of Nrf2 were decreased in MS and reversed in MS plus RVS + QRC rats (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the mixture of RSV + QRC has benefic effects on OS in fatty liver in the MS rats through the improvement of the antioxidant capacity and by the over-expression of the master factor Nrf2, which increases the antioxidant enzymes and GSH recycling.

Glutathione system participation in thoracic aneurysms from patients with Marfan syndrome

VASA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra María Zúñiga-Muñoz ◽  
Israel Pérez-Torres ◽  
Verónica Guarner-Lans ◽  
Elías Núñez-Garrido ◽  
Rodrigo Velázquez Espejel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Marfan Syndrome ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Aortic Dilatation ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Reduced And Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Elevated Activity ◽  
Acute Dissection ◽  
Thoracic Aneurysms

Abstract. Background: Aortic dilatation in Marfan syndrome (MFS) is progressive. It is associated with oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction that contribute to the early acute dissection of the vessel and can result in rupture of the aorta and sudden death. We evaluated the participation of the glutathione (GSH) system, which could be involved in the mechanisms that promote the formation and progression of the aortic aneurysms in MFS patients. Patients and methods: Aortic aneurysm tissue was obtained during chest surgery from eight control subjects and 14 MFS patients. Spectrophotometrical determination of activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), lipid peroxidation (LPO) index, carbonylation, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and concentration of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG respectively), was performed in the homogenate from aortic aneurysm tissue. Results: LPO index, carbonylation, TGF-β1, and GR activity were increased in MFS patients (p < 0.04), while TAC, GSH/GSSG ratio, GPx, and GST activity were significantly decreased (p < 0.04). Conclusions: The depletion of GSH, in spite of the elevated activity of GR, not only diminished the activity of GSH-depend GST and GPx, but increased LPO, carbonylation and decreased TAC. These changes could promote the structural and functional alterations in the thoracic aorta of MFS patients.

scholarly journals Effect of Fertilisation on the Quality of Dried Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and Lovage (Levisticum officinale)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Natalia Matłok ◽  
Józef Gorzelany ◽  
Adam Figiel ◽  
Maciej Balawejder
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Vacuum Microwave ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Total Antioxidant Potential

The study presents the effects of fertilisation on selected quality parameters of the dried material obtained from plants of lovage and coriander. During the crop production process, the plants were treated with two fertilisers containing substances potentially acting as elicitors. The dried material was obtained in course of a drying process carried out in optimum conditions and based on the CD-VMFD method which combines convective pre-drying (CD) at a low temperature (40 °C) with vacuum-microwave finish drying with the use of 240 W microwaves (VMFD). The quality of the dried material was evaluated through measurement of the total contents of polyphenols, total antioxidant potential (ABTS and DPPH method), and the profile of volatile compounds (headspace-solid phase microextractio-HS-SPME) as well as assessment of the colour. It was found that by applying first fertilisation (with organic components) it is possible to significantly increase the contents of both bioactive compounds and volatile substances responsible for the aroma. It was determined that the higher content of bioactive compounds was related to the composition of the first fertiliser, presumably the extract from common nettle. The study showed that the application of the first fertiliser contributed to enhanced quality parameters of the raw material obtained.

scholarly journals Study of the shelf-life of a mixed araça (Psidium guineensis Sw.) and marolo (Annona crassiflora Mart.) jam

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa Damiani ◽  
Eduardo Ramirez Asquieri ◽  
Moacir Evandro Lage ◽  
Rodrigo Almeida de Oliveira ◽  
Flavio Alves da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Annona Crassiflora ◽  
Total Antioxidant Potential

The objective of this study was to add value to araça and marolo fruits by developing jams and verifying changes in their physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters during storage. The analyses were carried out every 2 months. From the results, it was shown that the levels of moisture (35.89 - 26.34%), lipids (0.43 - 0.27%), sucrose (30.62 - 28.98%), total pectin (0.83 - 0.50%), soluble pectin (0.52 - 0.38%), total phenolic compounds (180.31 - 135.52 mg.GAE 100 g-1), and organic acids (401.1 - 68.5 µg.g-1 citric acid) decreased during storage. However, the levels of protein (0.83 - 0.95%), carbohydrate (62.52 - 72.5%, calories (257,11 - 295,931 kcal), fiber (0.72 - 1.4%), total soluble sugar (62.52 - 70.44%), reducing sugar (32.05 - 41.41%), soluble solids (68.4 - 72.18 °Brix), consistency (0.33 - 0.44 N), total antioxidant potential (11.3 - 22.63%), and color (a* 7.56 - 9.49, and b* 8.63 - 10.49) increased during 1-year storage. The quality of the fruit jams studied was in accordance with the microbiological standards established by the Brazilian legislation. It was concluded that the mixed araça and marolo jam can be stored for 1 year without the addition of additives.

Antioxidant defenses and metabolic depression in a pulmonate land snail

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. R1386-R1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hermes-Lima ◽  
K. B. Storey
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Hypometabolic State

During arousal from estivation oxygen consumption by land snails (Otala lactea) increases severalfold. To determine whether snails prepared for an accompanying rise in the rates of oxyradical generation by altering their antioxidant defense mechanisms, changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products were quantified in foot and hepatopancreas of control, 30-day estivating, and aroused snails. Compared with controls, estivating O. lactea showed significant increases in the activities of foot muscle superoxide dismutase (SOD) (increasing by 56-67%), catalase (51-72%), and glutathione S-transferase (79-108%), whereas, in hepatopancreas, SOD (57-78%) and glutathione peroxidase (93-144%) increased. Within 40 min after arousal began, hepatopancreas glutathione peroxidase activity had returned to control values, but SOD showed a further 70% increase in activity but then returned to control levels by 80 min. Estivation had no effect on total glutathione (GSH + 2 GSSG) concentrations in tissues, but GSSG content had increased about twofold in both organs of 30-day dormant snails. Lipid peoxidation (quantified as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) was significantly enhanced at the onset of arousal from dormancy, indicating that oxidative stress and tissue damage occurred at this time. The data suggest that antioxidant defenses in snail organs are increased while snails are in the hypometabolic state as a preparation for oxidative stress during arousal.

Chlorpyrifos with age-dependent effects in cardiac tissue of male rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Mesbahzadeh ◽  
Hossein Salarjavan ◽  
Saeed Samarghandian ◽  
Tahereh Farkhondeh
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Oxidative Modifications ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

: Age-dependent toxic effects of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) have not fully understood. Current study aimed to investigate the cardiotoxic damage of chlorpyrifos (CPF) by evaluating oxidative modifications in young (2-month old), middle-aged (10-month old), and aged (20-month old) rats. Five mg/kg of CPF was administered orally for 45 days to young, middle-aged, and aged male Wistar rats. At the end, animals were anesthetized and the heart of each rat was dissected for biochemical assay. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed in the cardiac tissue of rats. The results indicated an increase in the levels of MDA and NO, and also a decline in the levels of GSH and TAC as well as a decrease in the SOD activity in the heart of aged rats compared with young rats. CPF administration deteriorated these changes in the heart of exposed rats compared with the age-matched controls. Additionally, these oxidative modifications were more severe in aged rats versus other age. In conclusion, advancing age may increase oxidative changes in the heart of animals exposed to CPF. It is suggested that aging can affect cardiac toxicity induced by OPs.

Ameliorative Effects of Indole-3-Carbinol and/or Sulforaphane Against Gold Nanoparticle-Induced Cytotoxicity in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-234
Author(s):  
Maha I. Alkhalaf ◽  
Wafa S. Alansari
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are the most commonly used metal nanoparticles due to their promising characteristics. However, application of GNs in medical and biological fields has resulted in toxicity to several organs. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and sulforaphane (SF) are the two well-known natural compounds, largely present in cruciferous vegetables. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic efficacy of I3C and SF alone or in combination against GN-induced renal and cardiac toxicities. Fifty male Albino rats were randomly segregated into five groups with each group containing 10 rats; G1, control; G2, intraperitoneally administered with a suspension of GNPs (10 nm in size; 20 µg/kg body weight (b.w.) for 7 days; G3, GN-injected rats, supplemented with SF (5 mg/kg b.w) daily for 7 days; G4, GN-injected rats, supplemented orally with I3C (150 mg/kg b.w.) for 7 days and G5, GN-injected rats supplemented orally with SF and I3C daily for 7 days. GN treatment significantly disturbed kidney functional markers, as evidenced by significantly increased levels of urea, creatinine and creatine kinase. Additionally, GNs significantly increased renal and cardiac levels of malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and interleukin-6, and depleted, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. In contrast, treatment with I3C and SF alone or in combination significantly restored all the parameters to their near normal levels. GN induced histological abnormalities were also significantly attenuated. Taken together, the data indicate that the SF and I3C are more effective when given separately than when given together in lowering GN-induced toxicity by their ability to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation.

scholarly journals Seasonal Temperature Fluctuations Differently Affect the Immune and Biochemical Parameters of Diploid and Triploid Oncorhynchus mykiss Cage-Cultured in Temperate Latitudes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia C. M. Rodrigues ◽  
Carlos Gravato ◽  
Carlos J. M. Silva ◽  
Sílvia F. S. Pires ◽  
Ana P. L. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The Individual

In the coming decades, and despite advances in the selection of resistant strains and the production of triploid organisms, the temperature could seriously affect salmonid aquaculture. Lower environmental tolerance has been hinted at for triploids, but the physiological mechanisms leading to such differences, and whether they are translated to the individual level, are poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of seasonal variations on the humoral and immune status in the blood (peripheral blood leukocytes) and plasma (antiprotease, lysozyme and peroxidase activities), the oxidative stress (catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, total glutathione and lipid peroxidation) balance in the liver, and the energy budget (sugars, lipids, proteins and energy production) in the liver and muscle of diploid and triploid Oncorhynchus mykiss. Leukocytes’ numbers changed with the water temperature and differed between fish ploidies. Peroxidase activity was increased in the summer, but lysozyme and antiprotease activities were increased in the winter. Concomitantly, antioxidant defenses were significantly altered seasonally, increasing oxidative damage at higher temperatures. Moreover, warmer waters induced a reduction in the energy production measured in the liver. Differences in feed efficiency, which have been previously reported, were confirmed by the low lipid and protein contents of the muscle of the triploids. In sum, the inherent trade-offs to deal with the seasonal changes culminated in the higher growth observed for diploid fish.

scholarly journals Effect of a Protein-Xanthophyll Concentrate from Alfalfa and of Genotype and Sex of Lambs on their Blood Redox Profile

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ognik ◽  
Krzysztof Patkowski ◽  
Eugeniusz R. Grela
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Redox Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Total Antioxidant Potential

Abstract The experiment was conducted on lambs of the Polish Lowland sheep (PLS) and a synthetic BCP line. The redox potential was assessed in blood of lambs with different genotype and sex, which were fed feed mixtures with various contents of a proteinxanthophyll (PX) concentrate from alfalfa (1.5% and 3%). The 1.5% addition of PX concentrate to feed stimulated the response of the antioxidant defence mechanisms of the lambs to a greater extent than the 3% addition. The study showed that sex of the lambs had no significant effect on changes in the redox parameters of blood. The PLS genotype of lambs determined higher values of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant potential of plasma (FRAP), malondialdehyde, and vitamin C than the BCP genotype. Along with the growth of the lambs, a descending tendency was observed in SOD and catalase levels, and an ascending tendency in FRAP value.

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