scholarly journals Alkyphenol Exposure Alters Steroidogenesis in Male Lizard Podarcis siculus

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Mariana Di Lorenzo ◽  
Aldo Mileo ◽  
Vincenza Laforgia ◽  
Maria De Falco ◽  
Luigi Rosati
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disruptor ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
P450 Aromatase ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrate ◽  
Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals ◽  
Podarcis Siculus ◽  
Major Target

Background: Nonylphenol (NP) and Octylphenol (OP) are persistent and non-biodegradable environmental contaminants classified as endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs). These compounds are widely used in several industrial applications and present estrogen-like properties, which have extensively been studied in aquatic organisms. The present study aimed to verify the interference of these compounds alone, and in mixture, on the reproductive cycle of the male terrestrial vertebrate Podarcis siculus, focusing mainly on the steroidogenesis process. Methods: Male lizards have been treated with different injections of both NP and OP alone and in mixture, and evaluation has been carried out using a histological approach. Results: Results obtained showed that both substances are able to alter both testis histology and localization of key steroidogenic enzymes, such as 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), 17β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) and P450 aromatase. Moreover, OP exerts a preponderant effect, and the P450 aromatase represents the major target of both chemicals. Conclusions: In conclusion, NP and OP inhibit steroidogenesis, which in turn may reduce the reproductive capacity of the specimens.

Sex steroids and leptin regulate 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase I and P450 aromatase expressions in human preadipocytes: Sex specificities

2006 ◽  
Vol 99 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Noëlle Dieudonné ◽  
Anes Sammari ◽  
Esther Dos Santos ◽  
Marie-Christine Leneveu ◽  
Yves Giudicelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
P450 Aromatase ◽  
Human Preadipocytes

scholarly journals Localization of type 1 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mRNA and protein in syncytiotrophoblasts and invasive cytotrophoblasts in the human term villi

2000 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bonenfant ◽  
PR Provost ◽  
R Drolet ◽  
Y Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
P450 Aromatase ◽  
Chain Cleavage ◽  
Extravillous Cytotrophoblasts

The 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17beta-HSDs) play a key role in the synthesis of sex steroids. The hallmark of this family of enzymes is the interconversion, through their oxydoreductive reactivity at position C17, of 17-keto- and 17beta-hydroxy-steroids. Because this reaction essentially transforms steroids having low binding activity for the steroid receptor to their more potent 17beta-hydroxysteroids isoforms, it is crucial to the control of the physiological activities of both estrogens and androgens. The human placenta produces large amounts of progesterone and estrogens throughout pregnancy. The placental type 1 17beta-HSD enzyme (E17beta-HSD) catalyzes the reduction of the low activity estrogen, estrone, into the potent estrogen, estradiol. We studied the cell-specific expression of type 1 17beta-HSD in human term placental villous tissue by combining in situ hybridization to localize type 1 17beta-HSD mRNA with immunohistochemistry using an antibody against human placental lactogen, a trophoblast marker. Immunolocalization of E17beta-HSD was also performed. To ascertain whether other steroidogenic enzymes are present in the same cell type, cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage (P450scc), P450 aromatase, and type 1 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) were also localized by immunostaining. Our results showed that the syncytium is the major steroidogenic unit of the fetal term villi. In fact, type 1 17beta-HSD mRNA and protein, as well as P450scc, P450 aromatase, and 3beta-HSD immunoreactivities were found in these cells. In addition, our results revealed undoubtedly that extravillous cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), e.g. those from which cell columns of anchoring villous originate, also express the type 1 17beta-HSD gene. However, CTBs lying beneath the syncytial layer, e.g. those from which syncytiotrophoblasts develop, contained barely detectable amounts of type 1 17beta-HSD mRNA as determined by in situ hybridization. These findings, along with those from other laboratories confirm the primordial role of the syncytium in the synthesis of steroids during pregnancy. In addition, our results indicate for the first time that CTBs differentiating along the invasive pathway contain type 1 17beta-HSD mRNA.

scholarly journals Assaying uptake of endocrine disruptor compounds in zebrafish embryos and larvae

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Paige Souder ◽  
Daniel A. Gorelick
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Endocrine Disruptors ◽  
Cyclosporine A ◽  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Endocrine Disruptor ◽  
Ethinyl Estradiol ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Environmental Endocrine Disruptors

AbstractTo study the effects of environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) on aquatic animals, embryos and larvae are typically incubated in water containing defined concentrations of EEDs. However, the amount of EED uptake into the animal is often difficult to determine. Using radiolabeled estradiol ([3H]E2), we previously developed a rapid, straightforward assay to measure estradiol uptake from water into zebrafish embryos and larvae. Here, we extend this approach to measure the uptake of two additional EEDs, bisphenol A (BPA) and ethinyl estradiol (EE2). As with E2, the uptake of each compound by individual larvae was low (< 6%), and increased with increasing concentration, duration, and developmental stage. We found that E2 and EE2 had similar uptake under equivalent exposure conditions, while BPA had comparatively lower uptake. One application of this assay is to test factors that influence EED uptake or efflux. It has been suggested that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) inhibit ABC transporters that may normally efflux EEDs and their metabolites, inducing toxicity in aquatic organisms. We measured [3H]E2 levels in zebrafish in the presence or absence of the POP PDBE-100, and cyclosporine A, a known inhibitor of ABC transporters. Neither chemical significantly affected [3H]E2 levels in zebrafish, suggesting that zebrafish maintain estradiol efflux in the presence of PDBE-100, independently of cyclosporine A-responsive transporters. These uptake results will be a valuable reference for EED exposure studies in developing zebrafish, and provide a rapid assay to screen for chemicals that influence estrogen-like EED levels in vivo.

scholarly journals Biochar as an Eco-Friendly and Economical Adsorbent for the Removal of Colorants (Dyes) from Aqueous Environment: A Review

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3561
Author(s):  
Prithvi Srivatsav ◽  
Bhaskar Sriharsha Bhargav ◽  
Vignesh Shanmugasundaram ◽  
Jayaseelan Arun ◽  
Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Dyes (colorants) are used in many industrial applications, and effluents of several industries contain toxic dyes. Dyes exhibit toxicity to humans, aquatic organisms, and the environment. Therefore, dyes containing wastewater must be properly treated before discharging to the surrounding water bodies. Among several water treatment technologies, adsorption is the most preferred technique to sequester dyes from water bodies. Many studies have reported the removal of dyes from wastewater using biochar produced from different biomass, e.g., algae and plant biomass, forest, and domestic residues, animal waste, sewage sludge, etc. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the application of biochar as an eco-friendly and economical adsorbent to remove toxic colorants (dyes) from the aqueous environment. This review highlights the routes of biochar production, such as hydrothermal carbonization, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal liquefaction. Biochar as an adsorbent possesses numerous advantages, such as being eco-friendly, low-cost, and easy to use; various precursors are available in abundance to be converted into biochar, it also has recyclability potential and higher adsorption capacity than other conventional adsorbents. From the literature review, it is clear that biochar is a vital candidate for removal of dyes from wastewater with adsorption capacity of above 80%.

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