scholarly journals Horse Preferences for Insolation, Shade or Mist Curtain in the Paddock under Heat Conditions: Cardiac and Behavioural Response Analysis

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
Iwona Janczarek ◽  
Anna Stachurska ◽  
Izabela Wilk ◽  
Anna Wiśniewska ◽  
Monika Różańska-Boczula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Thermal Discomfort ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Physiological Symptoms ◽  
Locomotor Activities

The horse’s welfare and, consequently, the emotional arousal may be connected with stressful environmental conditions. This study aimed to determine whether horses show behavioural or physiological symptoms of thermal discomfort and if their behaviour and cardiac parameters are related to freely chosen insolated (IS), shaded (SH), or water sprayed (with a mist curtain (MC)) areas in a paddock under heat conditions (29–32 °C, 42.0 ± 1.5% humidity). Twelve adult horses freely moving in the paddock were studied during a 45 min solitary turnout. Six cardiac variables, locomotor, and non-locomotor activities as well as rectal temperature before and after the test were monitored with regard to the area of staying. Horses did not show clear preferences regarding the time spent in IS, SH, and MC, although preferences of particular horses differed considerably. When staying under IS and MC conditions, the horses showed a higher level of relaxation compared to SH. Horses did not exhibit symptoms of thermal discomfort while staying in the sun. Free choice between the three areas differing in environmental conditions could be a crucial factor in maintaining body temperature as well as emotional arousal at similar levels. Thus, the provision of a shade and mist curtain in paddocks seems to be reasonable.

scholarly journals Extended Use for the Frequency Response Analysis: Switching Impulse Voltage Based Preliminary Diagnosis of Potential Sources of Partial Discharges in Transformer

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8283
Author(s):  
Kamalaselvan Arunachalam ◽  
Balasubramanian Madanmohan ◽  
Rajesh Rajamani ◽  
Natarajan Prabaharan ◽  
Hassan Haes Alhelou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Partial Discharges ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Frequency Response Analysis ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Impulse Voltage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Test Voltage ◽  
Low Capacitance

The Frequency Response Analysis approach (FRA) is useful in the fault diagnosis of transformers. However, its usefulness in diagnosing any potential sources of Partial Discharge (PD) in transformers has not been thoroughly investigated so far. In this work, the use of Impulse voltage-based FRA (IFRA) in diagnosing inter-turn shorts and potential sources of PD were investigated on a 315 kVA, 11 kV/433 V transformer. Inter-turn shorts and PD sources were emulated and the usefulness of IFRA in their diagnosis was investigated while using switching impulse voltage at different magnitude levels as the test signals. For emulating the inter-turn shorts and the PDs, special tappings were provided on one of the 11 kV windings through the low capacitance bushings. Low voltage impulse was successful in diagnosing the inter-turn shorts, but unsuccessful in identifying the sources of PDs. During the test condition, the test voltage was adjusted with the presence of artificially created PD sources. The frequency response of the transformer before and after the inception of PD was observed and analyzed in this article. The FRA results demonstrated that the switching impulse voltage based IFRA approach at moderate voltages could be useful in diagnosing the presence of the potential sources of PDs.

Fluid Balance, Carbohydrate Ingestion, and Body Temperature During Men’s Stage-Race Cycling in Temperate Environmental Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Ross ◽  
Brian Stephens ◽  
Chris R. Abbiss ◽  
David T. Martin ◽  
Paul B. Laursen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Event Duration ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Road Cyclists ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Current Guidelines

Purpose:To observe voluntary fluid and carbohydrate intakes and thermoregulatory characteristics of road cyclists during 2 multiday, multiple-stage races in temperate conditions.Methods:Ten internationally competitive male cyclists competed in 2 stage races (2009 Tour of Gippsland, T1, n = 5; 2010 Tour of Geelong, T2, n = 5) in temperate conditions (13.2–15.8°C; 54–80% relative humidity). Body mass (BM) was recorded immediately before and after each stage. Peak gastrointestinal temperature (TGI peak) was recorded throughout each stage. Cyclists recalled the types and volumes of fluid and food consumed throughout each stage.Results:Although fluid intake varied according to the race format, there were strong correlations between fluid intake and distance across all formats of racing, in both tours (r = .82, r = .92). Within a stage, the relationship between finishing time and fluid intake was trivial. Mean BM change over a stage was 1.3%, with losses >2% BM occurring on 5 out of 43 measured occasions and the fastest competitors incurring lower BM changes. Most subjects consumed carbohydrate at rates that met the new guidelines (30–60 g/h for 2–3 h, ~90 g/h for >3 h), based on event duration. There were consistent observations of TGI peak >39°C during stages of T1 (67%) and T2 (73%) despite temperate environmental conditions.Conclusion:This study captured novel effects of highintensity stage racing in temperate environmental conditions. In these conditions, cyclists were generally able to find opportunities to consume fluid and carbohydrate to meet current guidelines. We consistently observed high TGI peak, which merits further investigation.

scholarly journals Relevance of endogenous DOPA to nicotine-induced increases in locomotor activities of freely moving rats.

1991 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Shinichi Nakamura ◽  
Yoshio Goshima ◽  
Jin Liang Yue ◽  
Takao Kubo ◽  
Yoshimi Misu
Keyword(s):  
Freely Moving Rats ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Locomotor Activities

Bearing Simulation in Seismic Response Analysis of a Multi-Span Continuous Girder Bridge

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 1029-1033
Author(s):  
Yong Huang ◽  
Jun Jie Wang ◽  
De Yin Jin
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Restoring Force ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Continuous Girder Bridge ◽  
Girder Bridge ◽  
Bearing Damage ◽  
Strong Ground ◽  
Made In

The damage of bearing will change the boundary condition for whole bridge, if we do not take account of bearing failure, the error of structural analysis and the unreasonable in design will be made. In this paper, the effect of possible bearing damage to whole bridge during strong ground motion is studied through examining the seismic performance of a multi-span continuous girder bridge which is a real damaged bridge during the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. Proper analytical restoring force models of bearings are proposed, which can simulate the seismic performance of the bridge before and after the bearing damage suitably.

Behavioural Response Analysis Using Vision Engineering (BRAVENet)

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reggie C. Gustilo ◽  
◽  
Elmer P. Dadios ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Support System ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
The Status

A new engineering methodology is proposed to improve the automation process in monitoring the water quality in a small scale aquaculture system. Behavioural Response Analysis using Vision Engineering Network or BRAVENet is proposed, as a support system to a traditional sensor-based system, to monitor critical water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen. BRAVENet is based on the reactions or behavioural responses of tiger prawns to different water conditions. The performance of both the sensor-based system and BRAVENet are analysed and discussed. It is shown that the BRAVENet can identify unsafe levels of water parameters and is a good monitoring and prediction tool for water conditions especially those instances when industry grade sensors fail or become erroneous. Promising results show that BRAVENet can be used as a support system, if not as a replacement, in continuously monitoring the status of the critical water quality parameters of aquaculture systems.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemics and Impacts on Medical Educators in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiling Chen ◽  
Shiqian Zou ◽  
Siyi Wang ◽  
Babatunde Akinwunmi ◽  
Wai-Kit Ming
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Medical Teaching ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Medical Educators

Abstract Background: Education informatization is still in the early stage in China. The sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic led medical educators passively incorporating information technology for remote medical teaching, in which challenges and opportunities have co-existed.Objectives: The objectives of this study were to (1) explore the medical educators' perception and experience of online teaching in medical education before and after emergency remote teaching (ERT) experience during the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) illustrate the medical educators' satisfaction on the contribution of online teaching on medical teaching, and (3) reveal the main challenges medical educators met when they conduct the ERT during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to demonstrate whether the challenges are a different by age or gender including some other factors.Methods: A web-based questionnaire was disseminated to the faculty of medical education departments at higher institutions in China. The collected quantitative data of the questionnaire were analyzed by using the SPSS software package. Descriptive statistics were conducted on demographic data and the perception and experience of medical educators before and after the COVID-19 were shown as the frequencies and percentages, while the teachers' opinions on contribution of online teaching on medical education were analyzed by descriptive statistics with means and standard deviations. Multiple response analysis combined with crosstabulation chi-square test was applied, and a P-value <.05 was considered to be statistically significant to exams the relationship between age as well as gender and difficulties met in online teaching respectively.Results: A total of 26 medical educators (65.38%, n=17 female and 34.62%, n=9 male) were valid participants. Total 57.69% (n=15) of them had used web-based teaching before the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas 43.21% (n=11) had not. The agreement level on the teaching effect of online teaching was medium, with a mean value of 2.55 (range from 1-5). The first two difficulties medical teachers came across in online teaching were the web-based instructional design (27%), and the unfamiliarity with web-based teaching tools (25 %). No significant difference in the types of difficulties encountered by different ages (P=0.969) or gender (P = 0.873) in online teaching.Conclusions: The majority of medical educators are open-minded to incorporating online teaching into their teaching practice in the future. However, medical educators in China commonly faced shared difficulties when they adopted online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Identify these challenges and proposing some relevant suggestions to promote a further increase in the active adoption of information technology in medical education.

scholarly journals Analysis of the influence of environmental change on river runoff in Loess Plateau of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 383 ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Yong Jing ◽  
Zuhao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Runoff Series ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cumulative Curve

Abstract. The double interaction between climate change and human activity affects the changes in the environmental conditions of catchment runoff and confluence. Using 1956–2012 57 years of river runoff series data of 27 rivers in hilly gully area of Loess Plateau in Shaanxi province 39 hydrological station data, reduction of social and economic water consumption, plotting the annual precipitation and annual runoff double cumulative curve of annual runoff flow series consistency test, the consistency processing of annual runoff data and the quantitative analysis of its influence were also made. The results show that: the consistency of annual runoff data sequence of 21 hydrological stations is affected by the change of environmental conditions of runoff generation and confluence, and the turning point (year) and the degree of impact can be divided into three situations or three periods. One is the 12 station in 2000 after the annual runoff system is small; Two, there are 4 stations before and after in 1970, the annual precipitation and annual runoff double cumulative curve is obviously turning point. Before the turning point, a series of systems has a large high production period. After turning, it shows that a series of systems with low runoff yield caused by the Changes in environmental conditions of runoff and confluence in the underlying surface and climate and so on; the three is to have 5 stations occurred both before and after the 1970 high low flow period of the transition period in 2000, and after the annual runoff series of small low again.

Hydrodynamic Load Modeling for Offshore Free-Floating Macroalgal Aquaculture Under Extreme Environmental Conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Chen ◽  
Solomon C. Yim ◽  
Daniel Cox ◽  
Taiping Wang ◽  
Michael Huesemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Hydrodynamic Load ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Long Line

Abstract This article describes a preliminary study of an on-going ARPA-E (Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy) MARINER Phase I project. The hydrodynamic load and dynamic response of an innovative offshore macroalgae cultivation system, Nautical Offshore Macroalgal Autonomous Device (NOMAD), under extreme environmental conditions is examined. The high strength, extremely durable, recyclable carbon fiber (rCF) free-floating long-line is applied with polyculture (Nereocystis luetkeana (bull kelp) and Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp)) in the NOMAD system. This novel macroalgal farming system is designed to free float from Washington State to California along the west coast of the US to avoid anchoring costs and the failure of earlier offshore growth trials. In this study, we expect to identify possible failure modes for the preliminarily design of NOMAD free-floating long-line macroalgal farming system based on the preliminary numerical predictions. We developed a 1km system-scale NOMAD free-floating long-line numerical model and performed a dynamic response analysis on the long-line to determine the behaviors of the long-line under extreme environmental conditions. The 1km free-floating rCF long-line responses very flexible due to wave and current activities even for large bending stiffness. Therefore, the potential entanglement of free-floating long-line on a global scale may cause the system failure even when the tensions and bending moments are in the safe range. Three cases include 10m NOMAD free-floating long-line with sugar kelp, bull kelp, and polyculture numerical models are developed, and the simulation results are analyzed. The tensions at the holdfast of the kelps in these cases are found to be below the breakage limit approximately. However, the severe clumping of the kelps and potential entanglement of adjacent lines may result in damage to the farming system.

Electrophysiologic correlates of steroid modulation of luteinizing hormone release

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (3) ◽  
pp. E164-E170
Author(s):  
P. C. Leung ◽  
D. I. Whitmoyer ◽  
C. H. Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Diagonal Band ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Diagonal Band Of Broca ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Unanesthetized Animals ◽  
Intraventricular Infusion

In both ovariectomized (OVX) and steroid-primed OVX freely moving rats, attempts were made to correlate the effects of intraventricular norepinephrine (NE) on multiunit activity (MUA) of different brain regions with NE-induced alterations in blood LH levels. MUA-recording electrodes were implanted in the diagonal band of Broca (DBB), medial preoptic area (MPOA), arcuate nucleus (ARC) and/or ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH). Steroid priming included 50 micrograms estradiol benzoate (EB) and 25 mg progesterone (P) 3 days prior to experiment. The unanesthetized animals were bled via indwelling atrial cannulas before and after intraventricular infusion of NE (10 micrograms in 2 microliters over 2 min). In OVX-primed rats NE lengthened the interval between episodic LH peaks and decreased mean blood LH levels. In contrast, in OVX-EBP-primed rats, NE stimulated an LH surge. Concurrent recording of MUA revealed that, in OVX-unprimed rats, NE dramatically depressed MUA in both DBB-MPO and ARC-VMH neurons. However, in OVX-EBP-primed rats, while still markedly inhibiting ARC-VMH units, NE failed to depress MUA recorded in DBB-MPO sites (some units were actually excited by NE), perhaps reflecting the higher ratio of LHRH neurons/inhibitory neurons in DBB-MPO.

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