scholarly journals Influence of Different Light Spectrums on Behaviour and Welfare in Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 924
Author(s):  
Anette Wichman ◽  
Rosan De Groot ◽  
Olle Håstad ◽  
Helena Wall ◽  
Diana Rubene
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Control Light ◽  
Light Forest ◽  
Behavioural Repertoire

Artificial commercial lighting used in animal production facilities can have negative influences on visual abilities, behaviour and welfare of domestic fowl. This study examined the effects of natural-derived light spectrums on behaviour, production and welfare of laying hens reared from hatching into adulthood. Comparisons were made of frequency of a range of behaviours associated with activity, aggression and comfort in birds kept in control light (commercial standard), daylight (full spectrum, including ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths and forest light (forest understorey, including UV). In addition, bird preferences for different lights, feather damage and egg production were monitored. The results showed that the behavioural repertoire of birds changed with age, while the effects of light treatment were subtle. Some evidence was found that birds preferred either daylight or forest light to control light, suggesting that inclusion of UV contributed to the preference. Daylight and forest light were associated with more active behaviours, and daylight with better plumage and later start of lay. Thus natural-like light may have beneficial effects on domestic fowl, but the differences between broad-spectrum light sources are rather small.

Immunoglobulin-Y (IgY) levels in domestic fowl exposed to red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 172-172
Author(s):  
S. Arkle ◽  
J. H. Guy ◽  
O. Sparagano
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Immunoglobulin Production ◽  
Natural Exposure ◽  
Egg Yolks

Red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae; De Geer, 1778) is currently the most economically deleterious ectoparasite of layer hens in several countries (Chauve, 1998). D. gallinae is an obligatory haematophagous ectoparasite of both domestic and wild birds (Bruneau et al., 2001), only found on the host during darkness when obtaining a blood meal. The remaining part of its lifecycle is spent concealed deep in the house substructure, in cracks and crevices, with control typically implemented via chemical spraying. Mite exposure in laying hens generally results in irritation, restlessness, anaemia, and occasionally death and may subsequently lead to decreased egg production, poor shell integrity, blood staining and egg size reductions (Chauve, 1998; Cosoroaba, 2001). Natural exposure to mite-antigens during feeding activates humoral immunity of the fowl, in the form of immunoglobulin production. However, the magnitude of this serological response over a prolonged infestation period and at different mite population levels is unclear. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the levels of anti-mite immunoglobulin present in egg yolks of laying hens in flocks infested with differing population levels of red mite over a period of 16 weeks.

scholarly journals In vitro potato plantlet development under different polychromatic LED spectra and dynamic illumination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Nakonechnaya ◽  
◽  
Evgeniy P. Subbotin ◽  
Olga V. Grishchenko ◽  
Irina V. Gafitskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Sources ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Control Light ◽  
Lighting Application ◽  
Dynamic Lighting ◽  
Potato Plantlets ◽  
Potato Plantlet

We studied growth of potato plantlets of two cultivars under different constant polychromatic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and dynamic lighting with the spectrum modifications during growth. Light sources constructed by us were sunbox SB, red-green-blue RGB, and full spectrum FS, red-blue. White luminescent lamps were used as control light. Dynamic lighting was achieved by transferring groups of plantlets from one box to another. Red/green/blue portions in the light sources were (in percents): 39R/39G/22B for SB, 63R/21G/16B for RGB, 74R/8G/18B for FS, and 22R/49G/29B for control. PPFD was set at 45 μmol/m2 s. Morphometric measurements were made 14 and 28 days after planting. Plantlets developed differently from initial stages. Cultivar 'Red Scarlett' appeared to be more susceptible to different lighting than 'Innovator'. Light variations RGB and RGB-SB were the most favorable for plantlet development. This is the first report on the dynamic lighting application for growing potato plantlets.

Full-spectrum fluorescent lighting: a review of its effects on physiology and health

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 949-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHELLEY L. McCOLL ◽  
JENNIFER A. VEITCH
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Skin Absorption ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Fluorescent Lamp ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
It Support ◽  
Fluorescent Lighting

Background. Full-spectrum fluorescent lighting (FSFL) has been credited with causing dramatic beneficial effects on a wide variety of behaviours, mental health outcomes and physical health effects, as compared to other fluorescent lamp types. These effects are hypothesized to occur because of similarity between FSFL emissions and daylight, which is said to have evolutionary superiority over other light sources.Method. This review, covering the period 1941–1999, critically considers the evidence for direct effects of FSFL through skin absorption as well as indirect effects on hormonal and neural processes.Conclusions. Overall, the evidence does not show dramatic effects of fluorescent lamp type on behaviour or health, neither does it support the evolutionary hypothesis.

Serum phosphatase in the domestic fowl

1936 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Sharp Fall ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Serum Phosphatase

1. Some observations on the serum phosphatase of the domestic fowl are described. Laying hens, held to be normal birds, had higher and more variable serum phosphatase than cocks. No great difference in serum phosphatase could be found between laying hens and hens in a period of suspended egg production. Pullets from another source and which had never laid gave values comparable with the value for cocks.2. The serum phosphatase of chicks shows a rapid increase to a maximum at about 10–12 days after hatching, followed by an equally sharp fall to a lower level at 3 weeks. Thereafter, the values for male birds fall regularly until maturity. The values for female birds correspond closely with the values for male birds until the onset of laying, when they increase again, but to a varying degree in different individuals.3. An attempt to reduce the range of variation of serum phosphatase in laying birds by administration of 1 ml. per bird per diem radiostol B.D.H. (3000 international units vitamin D per ml.) was not successful.4. Serum phosphatase showed a much greater increase during laying in pullets receiving a low calcium ration (0·37 per cent. CaO) than in pullets receiving the same ration supplemented with calcium carbonate (3·10 per cent. CaO).5. Serum phosphatase is greatly increased in chicks suffering from rickets.

ПРЕРЫВИСТОЕ ОСВЕЩЕНИЕ ПОВЫШАЕТ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ОСЕМЕНЕНИЯ КУР В КЛЕТКАХ

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Egg Fertility

Intermittent Lighting Improves the Efficiency of Artificial Insemination in Cage Housed Laying Hens Kavtarashvili A.Sh., Kolokolnikova T.N. Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” of Russian Academy of Sciences Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center Summary: The effects of different lighting regimes on the oviposition schedule, productive performance, and reproductive efficiency in cage housed laying hens of layer parental flock (Hisex White-R) were studied; the reasonable regime of artificial insemination (AI) under intermittent lighting is proposed. It was found that intermittent lighting regime 1L:4D:4L:1D:4L:10D compared to the constant lighting significantly alters oviposition schedule: under this regime 82.3% of all daily eggs were laid until 9 am (vs. 66.6% in control). This regime and AI at 10 am improved the productive and reproductive performance compared to control (constant lighting 16L:8D and AI at 12 am): mortality by 1.9%, egg production per initial hen by 3.8%, egg weight by 1.1%, percentage of eggs suitable for incubation by 1.9%, egg fertility by 0.9%, hatchability by 2.3%, hatch of chicks by 2.9%, feed conversion ratio (kg of feed per 10 eggs) by 5.3%, the expenses of electric energy for lighting (per 1000 eggs suitable for incubation) by 54.5%. Key words: INTERMITTENT LIGHTING, CAGE HOUSED LAYERS, ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION (AI), OVIPOSITION SCHEDULE, AI TIMING, PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE

RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF OESTRONE AND OESTRADIOL IN THE PERIPHERAL PLASMA OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL IN VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES AND OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AND OVARIECTOMIZED FOWLS

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Senior
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Chicken Ovary

ABSTRACT A radioimmunoassay was developed to measure the levels of oestrone and oestradiol in 0.5–1.0 ml of domestic fowl peripheral plasma. The oestrogens were extracted with diethyl ether, chromatographed on columns of Sephadex LH-20 and assayed with an antiserum prepared against oestradiol-17β-succinyl-bovine serum albumin using a 17 h incubation at 4°C. The specificity, sensitivity, precision and accuracy of the assays were satisfactory. Oestrogen concentrations were determined in the plasma of birds in various reproductive states. In laying hens the ranges of oestrone and oestradiol were 12–190 pg/ml and 29–327 pg/ml respectively. Levels in immature birds, in adult cockerels and in an ovariectomized hen were barely detectable. The mean concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol in the plasma of four non-laying hens (55 pg/ml and 72 pg/ml respectively) and one partially ovariectomized hen (71 pg/ml and 134 pg/ml respectively) were well within the range for laying hens. It is evident that the large, yolk-filled follicles are not the only source of oestrogens in the chicken ovary.

The Inheritance of Egg Production in the Domestic Fowl

1943 ◽  
Vol 77 (769) ◽  
pp. 119-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Michael Lerner ◽  
Lewis W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Egg Production

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Dry Hydrastis canadensis on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Cecal Microbiota in Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1381
Author(s):  
Tzuen-Rong J Tzeng ◽  
Tzu-Yu Liu ◽  
Chiao-Wei Lin ◽  
Pei-En Chang ◽  
Pei-Xin Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hydrastis Canadensis ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Alternative growth promoters are able to not only effectively replace the traditional use of antibiotics but also provide additional health benefits for livestock and reduce food safety concerns. This study investigated the effects of dry Hydrastis canadensis on the laying performance and fecal microbial community of laying hens. Twenty-four Lohmann (LSL, white layer strain) hens were reared from 40 to 48 weeks of age and randomly allotted to four dietary treatments (six birds/treatment). The dietary treatments comprised a basal diet with no treatment as control, a basal diet plus 0.6% powder of dry Hydrastis canadensis roots (R) or leaves (L), and a basal diet plus 0.6% powder of a mixture of dry Hydrastis canadensis roots and leaves (1:1, LR). No mortality was observed in the whole experimental period. The results indicated that albumen height in the LR group was significantly greater than that in the control group. The diet supplemented with Hydrastis canadensis had no significant effects on egg production rate, egg weight, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, Haugh unit, or yolk height during the whole experimental phase. However, principal coordinate analysis, comparative heat map analysis, and cluster dendrogram analysis of cecal microbiota showed distinct clusters among the groups treated with Hydrastis canadensis and the control group. Regarding blood biochemical parameters, serum cholesterol levels were significantly lower in all Hydrastis canadensis-treated groups compared with those in the control group. Moreover, serum low-density lipoprotein levels were lower in hens supplemented with the leaf of Hydrastis canadensis. The abundances of the phyla Fusobacteria and Kiritimatiellaeota were increased (p < 0.05) in laying hens fed with 0.6% Hydrastis canadensis leaves, whereas the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes in cecum digesta decreased in response to treatment with Hydrastis canadensis roots and leaves. The relative abundance of the Fusobacterium genus was higher in the LR group compared with that in the control. On the contrary, we found a different trend in the Synergistes genus. The potential influences of these microbiota on the performance of laying hens were discussed. The results demonstrate that Hydrastis canadensis can improve the egg albumen height and modulate the cecum digesta microbiota composition of laying hens.

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