scholarly journals Worldwide Prevalence of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Sheep: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Ricardo de Miguel ◽  
Marta Arrieta ◽  
Ana Rodríguez-Largo ◽  
Irache Echeverría ◽  
Raúl Resendiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Small Ruminant Lentiviruses

Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (SRLV) are highly prevalent retroviruses with significant genetic diversity and antigenic heterogeneity that cause a progressive wasting disease of sheep called Maedi-visna. This work provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of the last 40 years (1981–2020) of scientific publications on SRLV individual and flock prevalence. Fifty-eight publications and 314 studies were included. Most articles used a single diagnostic test to estimate prevalence (77.6%), whereas articles using three or more tests were scarce (6.9%). Serological tests are more frequently used than direct methods and ELISA has progressively replaced AGID over the last decades. SRLV infection in sheep is widespread across the world, with Europe showing the highest individual prevalence (40.9%) and being the geographical area in which most studies have been performed. Africa, Asia, and North America show values between 16.7% to 21.8% at the individual level. South and Central America show the lowest individual SRLV prevalence (1.7%). There was a strong positive correlation between individual and flock prevalence (ρ = 0.728; p ≤ 0.001). Despite the global importance of small ruminants, the coverage of knowledge on SRLV prevalence is patchy and inconsistent. There is a lack of a gold standard method and a defined sampling strategy among countries and continents.

scholarly journals Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients are Not at Higher Risk for Hepatitis E Virus Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Pedro Lopez-Lopez ◽  
Mario Frias ◽  
Angela Camacho ◽  
Antonio Rivero ◽  
Antonio Rivero-Juarez
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Negative

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is the most common cause of acute hepatitis in the world. It is not well established whether people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are more susceptible to infection with HEV than people not infected with HIV. Many studies have evaluated this relationship, although none are conclusive. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess whether patients with HIV infection constitute a risk group for HEV infection. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), to find publications comparing HEV seroprevalences among HIV infected and uninfected populations. The analysis was matched by sex, age and geographical area, and compared patients who live with HIV and HIV-negative individuals. The odds ratio (OR) for patients with HIV was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.74–1.03) in the fixed effects meta-analysis and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.70–1.11) in random effects, with I2 = 47%. This study did not show that HIV infection was a risk factor for HEV infection when compared with those who are HIV-negative.

scholarly journals Association between birth interval and wasting in children under 5 years of age in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e037976
Author(s):  
Mesfin Wudu Kassaw ◽  
Ayele Mamo Abebe ◽  
Biruk Beletew Abate ◽  
Ayelign Mengesha Kassie ◽  
Murat Açık
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Joint Estimation ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Debre Berhan

IntroductionAccording to the UNICEF, WHO and World Bank joint estimation, 1 in every 13 children suffered from wasting globally. The highest burden of undernutrition recorded in Asia and Africa. Wasting remains a considerable public health problem in Ethiopia despite the introduction of exhaustive nutritional programmes. As reported in the literature, the prevalence of wasting in Ethiopia has remained high over the last four decades. In Ethiopia, more than one-third of child deaths are associated with malnutrition. The current nutritional interventions implemented in Ethiopia need to be evidence based. For this purpose, systematic review is preferable as it can present a more reliable and precise estimate than individual studies. The aim of this review is to assess the pooled prevalence of wasting and its association with birth interval in Ethiopia.MethodologyStudies published after 20 January 2012 will be retrieved from databases, mainly PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL and HINARI. The articles retrieved from databases will be selected after reading the title, abstract and full text. Three reviewers will independently assess the quality of each study using both the Joanna Briggs Institute and Ottawa Scale critical appraisal checklists. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist will be used to maintain scientific strength. Funnel plots, Egger’s test and Begg’s test will be used to deal with publication bias, and I2, forest plots and Cochrane’s Q square statistics will be used for heterogeneity. Potential causes of heterogeneity will be explored through sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Because heterogeneity among studies is inevitable, given the wide geographical area and variety of study designs, the Der-Simonian and Laird random-effects model will be used. The presence of a statistical association between birth interval and wasting will be declared if the p value is <0.05 with the 95% CI.Ethics and disseminationEthical issues will not be applicable to this review and meta-analysis. This review and meta-analysis will report the pooled prevalence of wasting and its association with birth interval in Ethiopia. Effort will be made to publish the findings in a peer-reviewed journal such as the Ethiopian Journal of Health and Development, and the findings will be presented at national conferences. A hard copy will also be sent to Woldia University and Debre Berhan University.

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for covid-19: systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. m2516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayara Lisboa Bastos ◽  
Gamuchirai Tavaziva ◽  
Syed Kunal Abidi ◽  
Jonathon R Campbell ◽  
Louis-Patrick Haraoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Immunoglobulin Class

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline, bioRxiv, and medRxiv from 1 January to 30 April 2020, using subject headings or subheadings combined with text words for the concepts of covid-19 and serological tests for covid-19.Eligibility criteria and data analysisEligible studies measured sensitivity or specificity, or both of a covid-19 serological test compared with a reference standard of viral culture or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Studies were excluded with fewer than five participants or samples. Risk of bias was assessed using quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies 2 (QUADAS-2). Pooled sensitivity and specificity were estimated using random effects bivariate meta-analyses.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was overall sensitivity and specificity, stratified by method of serological testing (enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs), or chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIAs)) and immunoglobulin class (IgG, IgM, or both). Secondary outcomes were stratum specific sensitivity and specificity within subgroups defined by study or participant characteristics, including time since symptom onset.Results5016 references were identified and 40 studies included. 49 risk of bias assessments were carried out (one for each population and method evaluated). High risk of patient selection bias was found in 98% (48/49) of assessments and high or unclear risk of bias from performance or interpretation of the serological test in 73% (36/49). Only 10% (4/40) of studies included outpatients. Only two studies evaluated tests at the point of care. For each method of testing, pooled sensitivity and specificity were not associated with the immunoglobulin class measured. The pooled sensitivity of ELISAs measuring IgG or IgM was 84.3% (95% confidence interval 75.6% to 90.9%), of LFIAs was 66.0% (49.3% to 79.3%), and of CLIAs was 97.8% (46.2% to 100%). In all analyses, pooled sensitivity was lower for LFIAs, the potential point-of-care method. Pooled specificities ranged from 96.6% to 99.7%. Of the samples used for estimating specificity, 83% (10 465/12 547) were from populations tested before the epidemic or not suspected of having covid-19. Among LFIAs, pooled sensitivity of commercial kits (65.0%, 49.0% to 78.2%) was lower than that of non-commercial tests (88.2%, 83.6% to 91.3%). Heterogeneity was seen in all analyses. Sensitivity was higher at least three weeks after symptom onset (ranging from 69.9% to 98.9%) compared with within the first week (from 13.4% to 50.3%).ConclusionHigher quality clinical studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for covid-19 are urgently needed. Currently, available evidence does not support the continued use of existing point-of-care serological tests.Study registrationPROSPERO CRD42020179452.

Tuberculosis in small ruminants and dromedary camels in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 105181
Author(s):  
Kassahun Asmare ◽  
Berhanu Sibhat ◽  
Kassa Demissie ◽  
Gezahegne Mamo ◽  
Eystein Skjerve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Dromedary Camels

Gastrointestinal nematode infection in small ruminants in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Acta Tropica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 68-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassahun Asmare ◽  
Desie Sheferaw ◽  
Kassaye Aragaw ◽  
Mesele Abera ◽  
Berhanu Sibhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Nematode Infection

scholarly journals Commercial Serological Tests for the Diagnosis of Active Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e1001062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen R. Steingart ◽  
Laura L. Flores ◽  
Nandini Dendukuri ◽  
Ian Schiller ◽  
Suman Laal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Serological Tests

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis on the rate of human schistosomiasis reinfection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdallah Zacharia ◽  
Vivian Mushi ◽  
Twilumba Makene
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Reinfection Rate ◽  
Urogenital Schistosomiasis ◽  
Intestinal Schistosomiasis ◽  
Human Schistosomiasis

Background While praziquantel mass drug administration is currently the most widely used method in the control of human schistosomiasis, it does not prevent subsequent reinfection hence persistent transmission. Towards schistosomiasis elimination, understanding the reinfection rate is crucial in planning for the future interventions. However, there is scarcity information on the global schistosomiasis reinfection rate. Objective This systematic review and meta−analysis aimed at summarizing studies that estimated the human schistosomiasis reinfection rate. Materials and methods The protocol for this review was prepared to guide authors throughout the process. However, registration was not sought. Three data bases (PubMed, Hinari and Google Scholar) were thoroughly searched to retrieve original research articles presenting data on human schistosomiasis reinfection rate. Study quality and risk of bias was assessed based on Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. Meta−analysis was conducted using statistical R version 3.6.2 and R Studio using ′meta′ and ′metafor′ packages. Heterogeneity and publication bias of the studies were determined using Q − test and Egger′s regression test respectively. Random effect model was employed to estimate pooled reinfection rates. Results A total of 29 studies met inclusion criteria to be included in this review. All studies had at least satisfactory (5 − 9 scores) quality. The overal calculated and pooled schistosomiasis reinfection rates were 36.1% (±23.3%) and 33.2% (95% CI, 26.5 − 40.5%) respectively. For intestinal schistosomiasis, the calculated and pooled reinfection rates were 43.9% (±20.6%) and 43.4% (95% CI, 35.8 − 51.4%), and that for urogenital schistosomiasis were 17.6% (±10.8%) and 19.4% (95% CI, 12.3% − 29.2%) respectively. Results of subgroup analysis showed that, the type of Schistosoma species, participants age group, sample size and geographical area had influence on disparity variation in Schistosomiasis reinfection rate (p < 0.05). Conclusion Despite the control measures in place, the re-infection rate was still high, specifically on intestinal schistosomiasis as compared to urogenital schistosomiasis. Achieving 2030 sustainable development goal 3 on good health and wellbeing through schistosomiasis elimination and intensive programmatic strategies should be implemented. Among such strategies to be used at national level are repeated mass drug administration at least every six month, intensive snails control and health education.

scholarly journals Influenza A and D Viruses in Non-Human Mammalian Hosts in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2411
Author(s):  
Annie Kalonda ◽  
Marvin Phonera ◽  
Ngonda Saasa ◽  
Masahiro Kajihara ◽  
Catherine G. Sutcliffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
The Impact

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence and current knowledge of influenza A virus (IAV) and influenza D virus (IDV) in non-human mammalian hosts in Africa. PubMed, Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library and World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE-WAHIS) were searched for studies on IAV and IDV from 2000 to 2020. Pooled prevalence and seroprevalences were estimated using the quality effects meta-analysis model. The estimated pooled prevalence and seroprevalence of IAV in pigs in Africa was 1.6% (95% CI: 0–5%) and 14.9% (95% CI: 5–28%), respectively. The seroprevalence of IDV was 87.2% (95% CI: 24–100%) in camels, 9.3% (95% CI: 0–24%) in cattle, 2.2% (95% CI: 0–4%) in small ruminants and 0.0% (95% CI: 0–2%) in pigs. In pigs, H1N1 and H1N1pdm09 IAVs were commonly detected. Notably, the highly pathogenic H5N1 virus was also detected in pigs. Other subtypes detected serologically and/or virologically included H3N8 and H7N7 in equids, H1N1, and H3N8 and H5N1 in dogs and cats. Furthermore, various wildlife animals were exposed to different IAV subtypes. For prudent mitigation of influenza epizootics and possible human infections, influenza surveillance efforts in Africa should not neglect non-human mammalian hosts. The impact of IAV and IDV in non-human mammalian hosts in Africa deserves further investigation.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of COVID-19 Antibody Tests Authorized by FDA Philippines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-301
Author(s):  
Carmel Reina R. Chua ◽  
Esther Delle E. De los Santos ◽  
Karla Veronica H. Escasa ◽  
Richmond Louis G. Estolas ◽  
Junnealyn Feliciano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Antibody Tests

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which has infected many people all over the world. One of the best ways to lessen its spread is through early detection and diagnosis. Various serological tests are now being used as a surveillance tool in the detection of antibodies as a response to SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and performance of the available COVID-19 antibody tests authorized by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Philippines that make use of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) and Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFIA). Method: Complete published journal articles relevant to the diagnostic accuracy of the three antibody tests were collected using trusted medical journal search engines. The quality of journals was assessed using QUADAS-2 to determine the risk of bias and assess the applicability judgments of diagnostic accuracy studies. Forest plots were used to summarize the performance of LFIA, ELISA and CLIA according to their specificity and sensitivity in detecting various antibodies. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were also done using bivariate random-effects models with its log-likelihood, a corresponding chi-square test statistic, and area under the summary Receiver-Operating Characteristic curve to see the potential heterogeneity in the data and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the COVID-19 antibody tests. Results: Bivariate random-effects model and areas under the sROC curve were used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of COVID-19 antibody tests. The pooled sensitivity in detecting IgG based on CLIA, ELISA, and LFIA were 81.7%, 58.7%, and 74.3% respectively, with an overall of 72.0%. For IgM detection, LFIA has a higher pooled sensitivity of 69.6% than CLIA with 61.0%. Overall, the pooled sensitivity is 68.5%. In IgA detection, only ELISA based test was included with a pooled sensitivity of 84.8%. Lastly, pooled sensitivities for combined antibodies based on ELISA and LFIA were 89.0% and 81.6% respectively, with an overall of 82.5%. On the other hand, all tests excluding ELISA-IgA displayed high pooled specificities with a range of 94.0% to 100.0%. Diagnostic accuracies of the test in detecting IgG, IgM, and combined antibodies were found out to be almost perfect based on the computed area under the sROC with values of 0.973, 0.953, and 0.966, respectively. Conclusion: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, existing evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of antibody tests for COVID-19 were found to be characterized by high risks of bias, consistency in the heterogeneity of sensitivities, and consistency in the homogeneity of high specificities except in IgA detection using ELISA. The bivariate random-effects models showed that there are no significant differences in terms of sensitivity among CLIA, ELISA and LFIA in detecting IgG, IgM, and combined antibodies at a 95% confidence interval. Nonetheless, CLIA, ELISA and LFIA were found to have excellent diagnostic accuracies in the detection of IgG, IgM and combined antibodies as reflected by their AUC values. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-0304-1 Full Text: PDF

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