scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Immunobiotic Lactiplantibacillusplantarum N14 Fermented Rakkyo (Allium chinense) Pickled Juice on the Immunocompetence and Production Performance of Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 752
Author(s):  
Md. Aminul Islam ◽  
Kenji Hashiguchi ◽  
A.K.M. Humayun Kober ◽  
Kyoko Morie ◽  
Binghui Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Residual Liquid ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Allium Chinense

Rakkyo (Allium chinense), is a Japanese leek that is primarily used to make a popular sweet or sour pickled dish. Lactic acid bacteria are often involved in the preparation steps of fermented pickles, which helps in the effective preservation of the natural bioactive compounds of fruits and vegetable, and thereby exert several health benefits including immunomodulation and growth performance. This work aimed to evaluate the in vivo effects of adding Lactiplantibacillus plantarum N14 fermented rakkyo pickled juice as feed supplement on the immunocompetence and production performance of pigs. We first analyzed the nutritional composition, which revealed that the proportion of protein, lipid, and water-soluble fiber content were estimated as of 4%, 5%, and 5% in rakkyo residual liquid or juice, while 22%, 15% and 14%, respectively, were estimated in rakkyo residual powder. For the in vivo feeding trials, three groups of pigs were treated either with 5%, 20%, or 40% mixture (v/v) of fermented rakkyo pickled juice and the grinded residual liquid supplemented in the drinking water in addition to standard feed. The results of the feeding trials showed that the administration of a juice mixture of 5% or 20% (fermented pickled juice and residual liquid) had a similar trend of effects in improving the complement activity, phagocytic activity and leucocytes counts in the peripheral blood when compared to pigs fed with 40% mixture or untreated controls. Those changes were related to an improved resistance to enteric infections. Moreover, animals receiving a mixture of fermented pickled juice and fermented rakkyo residues had a higher growth rate and carcass quality than controls. The results suggested that the use of 5% mixture of fermented rakkyo pickled juice and the residual liquid through drinking water could be a cost-effective approach to promote the immune-health and production performance of pigs. This approach would contribute not only to the sustainable management of food wastes but also to the application of a value-added feed supplement for the promotion of animal health and production.

scholarly journals Water intake of pigs consuming tiamulin during the nursery phase1

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A Vonnahme ◽  
Adam Mueller ◽  
Daniel A Nelson ◽  
Manuel Alexander Vasquez-Hidalgo ◽  
Deborah Amodie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Original Product ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

Abstract Mass medication to manage population health can be achieved by providing therapeutics in the drinking water. Young nursery pigs are highly sensitive to the flavor and smell of water. Medications that reduce water palatability often lead to an interruption in water and feed intake. With the availability of several generic water-soluble antimicrobials for pigs, questions have arisen about their palatability compared with the original product. In this study, we compared the intake of water containing tiamulin hydrogen fumarate from two different manufacturers with the intake of unmedicated water. The hypothesis was that the intake of tiamulin-containing water would be similar to unmedicated water. Water intake was monitored upon entry into the nursery and just prior to leaving the nursery. Also, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) were determined. A total of 300 pigs were individually weighed (4.2–10.9 kg; avg = 6.8 kg) for randomization to pen (n = 30 pens). The experiment had two time points: 1) early nursery (periods 1–3) and 2) late nursery (period 4). Pens were randomly assigned to a sequence (period 1–3) in a crossover experimental design containing three 10-d periods, with 5 d for the resetting of baseline where unmedicated water was provided followed by 5 d on tiamulin source addition [i.e., TriamuloxTM (Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ); Denagard (Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN)] or unmedicated water. After period 3 was concluded, all pens were given unmedicated water (via nipple waterers) and the number of pigs per pen was reduced to six pigs to maintain adequate space per pig. Ten days prior to pigs leaving the nursery, a fourth period was performed. After a 5-d water baseline was achieved, pens were treated with either unmedicated water or Triamulox- or Denagard-containing water. Pigs had ad libitum access to water and feed. During the testing periods, daily water intake was measured by a cup water system in each pen. Feed intake was measured every 5 d. There was no effect of treatment on initial body weights or weights at the beginning or end of each period (P ≥ 0.51). Therefore, there was no effect of treatment on ADG (P ≥ 0.23). Water intake (P ≥ 0.16) and FE (P ≥ 0.35) were not affected by treatment. Water consumption was similar among all treatments in each of the four periods. There appears to be no aversion to water intake when tiamulin hydrogen fumarate is added to the drinking water.

scholarly journals Fruit Seeds as Sources of Bioactive Compounds: Sustainable Production of High Value-Added Ingredients from By-Products within Circular Economy

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidelis ◽  
Moura ◽  
Kabbas Junior ◽  
Pap ◽  
Mattila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds

The circular economy is an umbrella concept that applies different mechanisms aiming to minimize waste generation, thus decoupling economic growth from natural resources. Each year, an estimated one-third of all food produced is wasted; this is equivalent to 1.3 billion tons of food, which is worth around US$1 trillion or even $2.6 trillion when social and economic costs are included. In the fruit and vegetable sector, 45% of the total produced amount is lost in the production (post-harvest, processing, and distribution) and consumption chains. Therefore, it is necessary to find new technological and environmentally friendly solutions to utilize fruit wastes as new raw materials to develop and scale up the production of high value-added products and ingredients. Considering that the production and consumption of fruits has increased in the last years and following the need to find the sustainable use of different fruit side streams, this work aimed to describe the chemical composition and bioactivity of different fruit seeds consumed worldwide. A comprehensive focus is given on the extraction techniques of water-soluble and lipophilic compounds and in vitro/in vivo functionalities, and the link between chemical composition and observed activity is holistically explained.

Fenofibrate Solid Dispersion for Improving Oral Bioavailability: Preparation, and Characterization and in vivo Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 5102-5109
Author(s):  
Venu Madhav K ◽  
Somnath De ◽  
Chandra Shekar Bonagiri ◽  
Sridhar Babu Gummadi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation

Fenofibrate (FN) is used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. It shows poor dissolution and poor oral bioavailability after oral administration due to high liphophilicity and low aqueous solubility. Hence, solid dispersions (SDs) of FN (FN-SDs) were develop that might enhance the dissolution and subsequently oral bioavailability. FN-SDs were prepared by solvent casting method using different carriers (PEG 4000, PEG 6000, β cyclodextrin and HP β cyclodextrin) in different proportions (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% w/v). FN-SDs were evaluated solubility, assay and in vitro release studies for the optimization of SD formulation. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed for crystalline and morphology analysis, respectively. Further, optimized FN-SD formulation evaluated for pharmacokinetic performance in Wistar rats, in vivo in comparison with FN suspension.  From the results, FN-SD3 and FN-SD6 have showed 102.9 ±1.3% and 105.5±3.1% drug release, respectively in 2 h. DSC and PXRD studies revealed that conversion of crystalline to amorphous nature of FN from FT-SD formulation. SEM studies revealed the change in the orientation of FN when incorporated in SDs. The oral bioavailability FN-SD3 and FN-SD6 formulations exhibited 2.5-folds and 3.1-folds improvement when compared to FN suspension as control. Overall, SD of FN could be considered as an alternative dosage form for the enhancement of oral delivery of poorly water-soluble FN.

A Nude Mouse Model as an in vivo Infectivity Assay for Cryptospomdiosis

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Kwa ◽  
M. Moyad ◽  
M. A. Pentella ◽  
J. B. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Nude Mouse ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Nude Mice ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Nude Mouse Model ◽  
Infectivity Assay ◽  
Limiting Dilution

Cryptosporidium parvum is an important patliogen of diarrlieal disease which has been implicated in several outbreaks associated with contamination of surface waters. In monitoring for C. parvum in drinking water sources, it is important to asce tain the viability, and more importantly, the infectivity of low numbers of recovered oocysts. Groups of 10 Balb/C nude (nu/nu) mice, 4-8 weeks old at time of inoculation, were infected with C. parvum oocysts from naturally infected calves and purified using Sheather's sucrose gradients. Oocysts were counted using the Merifluor IFA kit (Meridian). Each group of 10 mice were infected with 1,10,100 and 1000 oocysts respectively. Numbers of oocysts per inoculation were determined by limiting dilution, and parallel inocula were counted microscopically to ascertain the accuracy of the dilutions. Two uninfected nude mice were kept in each cage to serve as controls. Mouse stools were collected every 4 days, concentrated using the Fekal Kontrate Concentration Kit (Meridian) and oocysts were counted with a UV microscope using the Merifluor IFA Kit (Meridian). Oocyst counts were expressed in terms of number of oocyst/g feces. Mice inoculated with 1000 oocysts began to shed oocysts on day 32, mice inoculated with 100 oocysts began to shed on days 44-48, mice inoculated with 10 oocysts began to shed on days 56-60, and mice inoculated with 1 oocyst shed on days 68-88. All infected mice continued to shed oocysts intermittently and with variable oocyst counts until day 180 when the experiment was terminated. This study established that it is possible to infect nude mice with very low numbers, down to a single oocyst. We are currently in the process of correlating the nude mouse assay with other viability assays.

Chemosensitizing Activity of Histone Deacetylases Inhibitory Cyclic Hydroxamic Acids for Combination Chemotherapy of Lymphatic Leukemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis V. Mishchenko ◽  
Margarita E. Neganova ◽  
Elena N. Klimanova ◽  
Tatyana E. Sashenkova ◽  
Sergey G. Klochkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Hydroxamic Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Hybrid Male ◽  
Cyclic Hydroxamic Acids

Background: Anti-tumor effect of hydroxamic acid derivatives is largely connected with its properties as efficient inhibitors of histone deacetylases, and other metalloenzymes involved in carcinogenesis. Objective: The work was aimed to (i) determine the anti-tumor and chemosensitizing activity of the novel racemic spirocyclic hydroxamic acids using experimental drug sensitive leukemia P388 of mice, and (ii) determine the structure-activity relationships as metal chelating and HDAC inhibitory agents. Method: Outbreed male rat of 200-220 g weights were used in biochemical experiments. In vivo experiments were performed using the BDF1 hybrid male mice of 22-24 g weight. Lipid peroxidation, Fe (II) -chelating activity, HDAC fluorescent activity, anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activity, acute toxicity techniques were used in this study. Results: Chemosensitizing properties of water soluble cyclic hydroxamic acids (CHA) are evaluated using in vitro activities and in vivo methods and found significant results. These compounds possess iron (II) chelating properties, and slightly inhibit lipid peroxidation. CHA prepared from triacetonamine (1a-e) are more effective Fe (II) ions cheaters, as compared to CHA prepared from 1- methylpiperidone (2a-e). The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity, lipophilicity and acute toxicity were influenced by the length amino acids (size) (Glycine < Alanine < Valine < Leucine < Phenylalanine). All compounds bearing spiro-N-methylpiperidine ring (2a-e) are non-toxic up to 1250 mg/kg dose, while compounds bearing spiro-tetramethylpiperidine ring (1a-e) exhibit moderate toxicity which increases with increasing lipophility, but not excite at 400 mg/kg. Conclusion: It was shown that the use of combination of non-toxic doses of cisplatin (cPt) or cyclophosphamide with CHA in most cases result in the appearance of a considerable anti-tumor effect of cytostatics. The highest chemosensitizing activity with respect to leukemia Р388 is demonstrated by the CHA derivatives of Valine 1c or 2c.

scholarly journals Multi-Country Scale Assessment of Available Energy Recovery Potential Using Micro-Hydropower in Drinking, Pressurised Irrigation and Wastewater Networks, Covering Part of the EU

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 899
Author(s):  
Djordje Mitrovic ◽  
Miguel Crespo Chacón ◽  
Aida Mérida García ◽  
Jorge García Morillo ◽  
Juan Antonio Rodríguez Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Water Networks ◽  
Scale Assessment

Studies have shown micro-hydropower (MHP) opportunities for energy recovery and CO2 reductions in the water sector. This paper conducts a large-scale assessment of this potential using a dataset amassed across six EU countries (Ireland, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Spain, and Portugal) for the drinking water, irrigation, and wastewater sectors. Extrapolating the collected data, the total annual MHP potential was estimated between 482.3 and 821.6 GWh, depending on the assumptions, divided among Ireland (15.5–32.2 GWh), Scotland (17.8–139.7 GWh), Northern Ireland (5.9–8.2 GWh), Wales (10.2–8.1 GWh), Spain (375.3–539.9 GWh), and Portugal (57.6–93.5 GWh) and distributed across the drinking water (43–67%), irrigation (51–30%), and wastewater (6–3%) sectors. The findings demonstrated reductions in energy consumption in water networks between 1.7 and 13.0%. Forty-five percent of the energy estimated from the analysed sites was associated with just 3% of their number, having a power output capacity >15 kW. This demonstrated that a significant proportion of energy could be exploited at a small number of sites, with a valuable contribution to net energy efficiency gains and CO2 emission reductions. This also demonstrates cost-effective, value-added, multi-country benefits to policy makers, establishing the case to incentivise MHP in water networks to help achieve the desired CO2 emissions reductions targets.

scholarly journals Development, Characterization and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Rectal Suppositories Containing Combination Antiretroviral Drugs for HIV Prevention

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1110
Author(s):  
Kunal Jhunjhunwala ◽  
Charles W. Dobard ◽  
Sunita Sharma ◽  
Natalia Makarova ◽  
Angela Holder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Receptive Anal Intercourse ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Dose Combination ◽  
Rectal Suppositories

Receptive anal intercourse (RAI) contributes significantly to HIV acquisition underscoring the need to develop HIV prevention options for populations engaging in RAI practices. We explored the feasibility of formulating rectal suppositories with potent antiviral drugs for on-demand use. A fixed-dose combination of tenofovir (TFV) and elvitegravir (EVG) (40 mg each) was co-formulated in six different suppository bases (three fat- and three water-soluble). Fat-soluble witepsol H15 and water-soluble polyethylene glycol (PEG) based suppositories demonstrated favorable in vitro release and were advanced to assess in vivo pharmacokinetics following rectal administration in macaques. In vivo drug release profiles were similar for both suppository bases. Median concentrations of TFV and EVG detected in rectal fluids at 2 h were 1- and 2-logs higher than the in vitro IC50, respectively; TFV-diphosphate levels in rectal tissues met or exceeded those associated with high efficacy against rectal simian HIV (SHIV) exposure in macaques. Leveraging on these findings, a PEG-based suppository with a lower dose combination of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) and EVG (8 mg each) was developed and found to achieve similar rectal drug exposures in macaques. This study establishes the utility of rectal suppositories as a promising on-demand strategy for HIV PrEP and supports their clinical development.

scholarly journals Fibrillar pharmacology of functionalized nanocellulose

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Wong ◽  
Simone Alidori ◽  
Barbara P. Mello ◽  
Bryan Aristega Almeida ◽  
David Ulmert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Specific Accumulation

AbstractCellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are linear organic nanomaterials derived from an abundant naturally occurring biopolymer resource. Strategic modification of the primary and secondary hydroxyl groups on the CNC introduces amine and iodine group substitution, respectively. The amine groups (0.285 mmol of amine per gram of functionalized CNC (fCNC)) are further reacted with radiometal loaded-chelates or fluorescent dyes as tracers to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of the fCNC in vivo. In this way, these nanoscale macromolecules can be covalently functionalized and yield water-soluble and biocompatible fibrillar nanoplatforms for gene, drug and radionuclide delivery in vivo. Transmission electron microscopy of fCNC reveals a length of 162.4 ± 16.3 nm, diameter of 11.2 ± 1.52 nm and aspect ratio of 16.4 ± 1.94 per particle (mean ± SEM) and is confirmed using atomic force microscopy. Size exclusion chromatography of macromolecular fCNC describes a fibrillar molecular behavior as evidenced by retention times typical of late eluting small molecules and functionalized carbon nanotubes. In vivo, greater than 50% of intravenously injected radiolabeled fCNC is excreted in the urine within 1 h post administration and is consistent with the pharmacological profile observed for other rigid, high aspect ratio macromolecules. Tissue distribution of fCNC shows accumulation in kidneys, liver, and spleen (14.6 ± 6.0; 6.1 ± 2.6; and 7.7 ± 1.4% of the injected activity per gram of tissue, respectively) at 72 h post-administration. Confocal fluorescence microscopy reveals cell-specific accumulation in these target tissue sinks. In summary, our findings suggest that functionalized nanocellulose can be used as a potential drug delivery platform for the kidneys.

scholarly journals Development of A New Water-soluble Fluorescence Probe for Hypochlorous Acid Detection in Drinking Water

2021 ◽  
pp. 100027
Author(s):  
Haoyuan Yin ◽  
Haijun Chi ◽  
Zhuye Shang ◽  
Ali Qaitoon ◽  
Jianfei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Fluorescence Probe ◽  
Water Soluble

scholarly journals Reductions of copper ion-mediated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidations of trypsin inhibitors, the sweet potato root major proteins, and LDL binding capacities

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeh-Lin Lu ◽  
Chia-Jung Lee ◽  
Shyr-Yi Lin ◽  
Wen-Chi Hou
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitors ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Affinity Column ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Native Page

Abstract Background The root major proteins of sweet potato trypsin inhibitors (SPTIs) or named sporamin, estimated for 60 to 80% water-soluble proteins, exhibited many biological activities. The human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) showed to form in vivo complex with endogenous oxidized alpha-1-antitrypsin. Little is known concerning the interactions between SPTIs and LDL in vitro. Results The thiobarbituric-acid-reactive-substance (TBARS) assays were used to monitor 0.1 mM Cu2+-mediated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidations during 24-h reactions with or without SPTIs additions. The protein stains in native PAGE gels were used to identify the bindings between native or reduced forms of SPTIs or soybean TIs and LDL, or oxidized LDL (oxLDL). It was found that the SPTIs additions showed to reduce LDL oxidations in the first 6-h and then gradually decreased the capacities of anti-LDL oxidations. The protein stains in native PAGE gels showed more intense LDL bands in the presence of SPTIs, and 0.5-h and 1-h reached the highest one. The SPTIs also bound to the oxLDL, and low pH condition (pH 2.0) might break the interactions revealed by HPLC. The LDL or oxLDL adsorbed onto self-prepared SPTIs-affinity column and some components were eluted by 0.2 M KCl (pH 2.0). The native or reduced SPTIs or soybean TIs showed different binding capacities toward LDL and oxLDL in vitro. Conclusion The SPTIs might be useful in developing functional foods as antioxidant and nutrient supplements, and the physiological roles of SPTIs-LDL and SPTIs-oxLDL complex in vivo will investigate further using animal models.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document