scholarly journals The Ultimate List of the Most Frightening and Disgusting Animals: Negative Emotions Elicited by Animals in Central European Respondents

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Helena Staňková ◽  
Markéta Janovcová ◽  
Šárka Peléšková ◽  
Kristýna Sedláčková ◽  
Eva Landová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Rater Agreement ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Central European ◽  
Special Position ◽  
Separated Sets

Animals have always played an important role in our everyday life. They are given more attention than inanimate objects, which have been adaptive during the evolution of mankind, with some animal species still presenting a real threat to us. In this study, we focused on the species usually evaluated as the scariest and most disgusting in the animal kingdom. We analyzed which characteristics (e.g., weight, potential threat for humans) influence their evaluation in a nonclinical Central European WEIRD population (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic). The tested animals were divided into two separated sets containing 34 standardized photos evoking predominantly one negative emotion, fear or disgust. The pictures were ranked according to their emotional intensity by 160 adult respondents with high inter-rater agreement. The most fear-eliciting species are mostly large vertebrates (e.g., carnivorans, ungulates, sharks, crocodiles), whereas smaller fear-evoking vertebrates are represented by snakes and invertebrates are represented by arachnids. The most disgust-evoking animals are human endo- and ectoparasites or animals visually resembling them. Humans emotionally react to fear-evoking animals that represent a real threat; however, identifying truly dangerous disgust-evoking animals might be harder. The results also support a somewhat special position of snakes and spiders.

scholarly journals On the Order of Gene Distribution on Chromosomes Across the Animal Kingdom

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah A. Toor ◽  
Amir A. Toor
Keyword(s):  
Gene Frequency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Gene Distribution ◽  
Complement Gene ◽  
Gene Dispersion ◽  
Average Gene ◽  
Animal Genomes

SummaryBackgroundThe large-scale pattern of distribution of genes on the chromosomes in the known animal genomes is not well characterized. We hypothesized that individual genes will be distributed on chromosomes in a mathematically ordered manner across the animal kingdom.ResultsTwenty-one animal genomes reported in the NCBI database were examined. Numerically, there was a trend towards increasing overall gene content with increasing size of the genome as reflected by the chromosomal complement. Gene frequency on individual chromosomes in each animal genome was analyzed and demonstrated uniformity of proportions within each animal with respect to both average gene frequency on individual chromosomes and gene distribution across the unique genomes. Further, average gene distribution across animal species followed a relationship whereby it was, approximately, inversely proportional to the square root of the number of chromosomes in the unique animal genomes, consistent with the notion that there is an ordered increase in gene dispersion as the complexity of the genome increased. To further corroborate these findings a derived measure, termed gene spacing on chromosomes correlated with gene frequency and gene distribution.ConclusionAs animal species have evolved, the distribution of their genes on individual chromosomes and within their genomes, when viewed on a large scale is not random, but follows a mathematically ordered process, such that as the complexity of the organism increases, the genes become less densely distributed on the chromosomes and more dispersed across the genome.

Suicide among Animals: A Review of Evidence

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Preti
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
The Self ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Human Behaviors ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Nonhuman Species

Naturalists have not identified suicide in nonhuman species in field situations, despite intensive study of thousands of animal species. In this review, evidence on suicidal behavior among animals is analyzed to discover analogies with human suicidal behavior. Literature was retrieved by exploring Medline/PubMed and PsychINFO databases (1967–2007) and through manual literature searches. Keyword terms were “suicide or suicidal behavior” and “animal or animal behavior.” Few empirical investigations have been carried out on this topic. Nevertheless, sparse evidence supports some resemblance between the self-endangering behavior observed in the animal kingdom, particularly in animals held in captivity or put under pressure by environmental challenges, and suicidal behavior among humans. Animal models have contributed to the study of both normal and pathological human behaviors: discovering some correlates of suicide among animals could be a valid contribution to the field.

scholarly journals Computer vision, camouflage breaking and countershading

2008 ◽  
Vol 364 (1516) ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Tankus ◽  
Yehezkel Yeshurun
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Visual Detection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Flat Background ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Image Edges ◽  
Multiple Edges ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

Camouflage is frequently used in the animal kingdom in order to conceal oneself from visual detection or surveillance. Many camouflage techniques are based on masking the familiar contours and texture of the subject by superposition of multiple edges on top of it. This work presents an operator, D arg , for the detection of three-dimensional smooth convex (or, equivalently, concave) objects. It can be used to detect curved objects on a relatively flat background, regardless of image edges, contours and texture. We show that a typical camouflage found in some animal species seems to be a ‘countermeasure’ taken against detection that might be based on our method. Detection by D arg is shown to be very robust, from both theoretical considerations and practical examples of real-life images.

scholarly journals كتاب تعليم المتعلم تأثيره ودوره وسط تربية الشخصية لدى طلاب المعاهد الإسلامية

TAWASUT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moh. Ulin Nuha
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Phenomenological Theory ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
Special Position

AbstractThis study aims to find answers to how the position of the book ta'limul muta'allim in Islamic boarding schools and the extent of its influence in the formation of a strong personality. This field research uses phenomenological theory and comes to several conclusions, namelythe book of Ta'limul Muta'allim has an important role in the formation of a strong personality in Islamic boarding schools. The role of this book is not just a mere formality, but is very applicable in everyday life. Another conclusion from this research is that the book of Ta'limul Muta'allim has a special position compared to other books.

Vom Unwesen der Lüge

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-28
Author(s):  
Maria-Sibylla Lotter
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Bernard Williams ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Special Position ◽  
Ethical Discourse ◽  
The Many ◽  
Moral Attitudes ◽  
Present Life

Lying in the sense of declaring as true what you believe to be false takes a special position within ethical discourse concerning truthfulness and the virtues and vices of communication. None of the many other ways in which people lack truthfulness is considered nearly as vicious as lying. However, in everyday life our attitude towards lying is far from consistent insofar as we tend to take both an absolutist and a relativist position towards lying. The article shows that our inconsistency derives from several philosophical traditions which have developed widely different concepts and moral attitudes with regard to lying. And with respect to the challenges of present life it is argued that instead of bending all our thoughts on lying, we should rather follow Michel Foucault and Bernard Williams in distinguishing the virtues of veracity we should cultivate in the different areas of modern life.

scholarly journals Let it be: mindful acceptance down-regulates pain and negative emotion

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1147-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedy Kober ◽  
Jason Buhle ◽  
Jochen Weber ◽  
Kevin N Ochsner ◽  
Tor D Wager
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Lateral Pain ◽  
Reduced Activity

Abstract Mindfulness training ameliorates clinical and self-report measures of depression and chronic pain, but its use as an emotion regulation strategy—in individuals who do not meditate—remains understudied. As such, whether it (i) down-regulates early affective brain processes or (ii) depends on cognitive control systems remains unclear. We exposed meditation-naïve participants to two kinds of stimuli: negative vs. neutral images and painful vs. warm temperatures. On alternating blocks, we asked participants to either react naturally or exercise mindful acceptance. Emotion regulation using mindful acceptance was associated with reductions in reported pain and negative affect, reduced amygdala responses to negative images and reduced heat-evoked responses in medial and lateral pain systems. Critically, mindful acceptance significantly reduced activity in a distributed, a priori neurologic signature that is sensitive and specific to experimentally induced pain. In addition, these changes occurred in the absence of detectable increases in prefrontal control systems. The findings support the idea that momentary mindful acceptance regulates emotional intensity by changing initial appraisals of the affective significance of stimuli, which has consequences for clinical treatment of pain and emotion.

scholarly journals Thinking with Animals in Upper Palaeolithic Rock Art

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Sauvet ◽  
Robert Layton ◽  
Tilman Lenssen-Erz ◽  
Paul Taçon ◽  
André Wlodarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Generative Approach

This article develops a novel method for assessing the cultural context of rock art, and applies it to the rock art of the Upper Palaeolithic of France and Spain. The article relies on a generative approach, assuming that artists have the potential to choose which motifs to select from the repertoire or vocabulary of their artistic system, but that appropriate choices at any place are guided by the location of that site within the culturally-mediated geography of the region. Ethnographic studies of rock art depicting animal species produced in the contexts of totemism, shamanism and everyday life are used as reference points in an analytical framework, which is then applied to a number of ancient traditions.

scholarly journals Genomes and evolutionary genomics of animals

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luting Song ◽  
Wen Wangs
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Evolutionary Genomics ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Conserved Genes ◽  
Evolutionary Genomic ◽  
Genomic Studies

Abstract Alongside recent advances and booming applications of DNA sequencing technologies, a great number of complete genome sequences for animal species are available to researchers. Hundreds of animals have been involved in whole genome sequencing, and at least 87 non-human animal species’ complete or draft genome sequences have been published since 1998. Based on these technological advances and the subsequent accumulation of large quantity of genomic data, evolutionary genomics has become one of the most rapidly advancing disciplines in biology. Scientists now can perform a number of comparative and evolutionary genomic studies for animals, to identify conserved genes or other functional elements among species, genomic elements that confer animals their own specific characteristics and new phenotypes for adaptation. This review deals with the current ge-nomic and evolutionary research on non-human animals, and displays a comprehensive landscape of genomes and the evolutionary genomics of non-human animals. It is very helpful to a better understanding of the biology and evolution of the myriad forms within the animal kingdom.

Singes humanisés, humains singés

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Herzfeld ◽  
Patricia Van Schuylenbergh
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Human Uniqueness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Collective Representations

This article explores certain collective representations related to the great divide between human and animal. But rather than engage on the reassuring path of inventorying human uniqueness, it mobilizes various places where humans and the ambassadors of four particular species – chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla and orang-outan – meet, and exchange habits and skills. A careful study of the few historical milestones in the history of the relationship between humans and the great apes allows us to highlight the limitations of the Western dualistic division of the animal kingdom into poles that radically separate the human species from the other animal species. In the space where humans and apes come together, the apes show a form of ‘becoming-human’ that echoes the ‘becoming-animal’ outlined by Deleuze & Guattari. The primates in fact adopt the customs, capabilities and lineaments of human ethos, thus blurring the often too linear boundaries between human and animal, and calling into question the rigidity of several great oppositions that structure our thinking and discourse: nature and culture, wild and domestic, bestial and human.

The Aesthetics of the Public Space

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Mihály Szilágyi-Gál
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Public Space ◽  
East Central ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Art And Society ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
East Central European

AbstractThese words of Victor Burgin serve as the motto of the first issue of the Review. In fact, the very same sentences can be taken as the motto also of this review of the Review. One of the authors in Idea's first issue, Boris Groys recalls Greenberg's words, that the avant-gard imitates art, and art imitates the world itself - the avant-gard imitates art because art is part of the world. Idea leaves the impression of a report of an avant-gard renaissance in the present art of the East-Central European and Balkan regions. It does not commit itself to any particular artistic current: its foci are the aesthetic phenomena of everyday life, and the concordant relationship between art and society.

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