scholarly journals Impacts of Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress on the Milk Protein Biosynthesis of Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 726
Author(s):  
Zitai Guo ◽  
Shengtao Gao ◽  
Jialiang Ouyang ◽  
Lu Ma ◽  
Dengpan Bu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Milk Protein Content

Heat stress (HS) is one of the most important factors posing harm to the economic wellbeing of dairy industries, as it reduces milk yield as well as milk protein content. Recent studies suggest that HS participates in the induction of tissue oxidative stress (OS), as elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial dysfunction were observed in dairy cows exposed to hot conditions. The OS induced by HS likely contributes to the reduction in milk protein content, since insulin resistance and apoptosis are promoted by OS and are negatively associated with the synthesis of milk proteins. The apoptosis in the mammary gland directly decreases the amount of mammary epithelial cells, while the insulin resistance affects the regulation of insulin on mTOR pathways. To alleviate OS damages, strategies including antioxidants supplementation have been adopted, but caution needs to be applied as an inappropriate supplement with antioxidants can be harmful. Furthermore, the complete mechanisms by which HS induces OS and OS influences milk protein synthesis are still unclear and further investigation is needed.

The relationship between milk progesterone and milk traits during estrus in dairy Cows

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Gavelis ◽  
V. Þilaitis ◽  
A Juozaitis ◽  
V. Juozaitienë ◽  
G. Urbonavièius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to evaluate relationship between milk progesterone concentration (P4) and milk traits at the start of estrus time and 12h after start of the estrus in dairy cows. The 96 milk samples of 48 Lithuanian dairy cows without reproduction disorders and 90–100 days after calving were evaluated. Cows were classified into two groups based on milk yield per day: less than 30 kg (n=20) and e”30 kg (n=28). Data were categorized by milk fat and protein content at the start estrus and 12h after start of estrus to evaluate relationship between P4 and milk traits examined. P4 at estrus time in dairy cows was significantly positively correlated with milk yield (P less than 0.001), whereas it was negatively correlated with milk protein (P less than 0.05-P less than 0.01) and fat at 12h after start of estrus. Dairy cows with F/P from 1.0 to 1.5 had the lowest P4 in milk. Results of the pregnancy in dairy cows were related with lower P4 and milk yield level (P less than 0.001), higher milk fat (P less than 0.05) and milk protein content (P less than 0.001). These cows had 1.90 times lower prevalence of the signs of subclinical ketosis (P less than 0.05) at estrus time when compared with non-pregnant cows. As a result, it was clearly demonstrated that P4 in dairy cows can help to evaluate and improve the reproductive properties of cows.

Synthesis of milk protein and opportunities for nutritional manipulation

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 179-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. MacRae ◽  
B.J. Bequette ◽  
L.A. Crompton
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Milk Protein Content

AbstractDietary manipulation of milk fat content and/or fatty acid composition is becoming a feasible, and for certain niche–markets, attractive means of boosting the nutritive value and acceptability of milk and its secondary products. However it is not yet possible to indicate equivalent ways of manipulating milk protein content and/or composition. This paper will consider current knowledge on milk protein biosynthesis and the opportunities for nutritional manipulation. Recent infusion studies which have linked changes in mammary amino acid metabolism with changes in milk protein content will be examined in an attempt to elucidate key features of the metabolic regulation of the dairy cow which need to be addressed if the British consumer is to have the choice of higher protein (possibly designer protein) milk products. This review will (in part) utilise data from a joint project at the Rowett Institute and Reading University funded by a consortium comprising government (MAFF, BBSRC and SOAEFD) and agribusiness (MDC, Purina Mills and Hendrix).

The addition of lactose to the diets of dairy cows fed protected fats

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
R.D. Allison ◽  
P.C. Garnsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Fat Supplements

Rumen inert fats are often included in dairy rations to increase the metabolisable energy (ME) supply whilst maintaining rumen function. Protected fat supplements have been shown to increase milk yields and fat content but with an associated and undesirable reduction in protein content. A reduced intake of rumen available energy (FME) may limit the microbial protein yield and so reduce the supply of amino acids to the mammary gland. Lactose supplements have been shown to increase the flow of microbial protein to the intestines (Chamberlain et al, 1993) and to reduce the effect of protected fats on milk protein content during early lactation (Garnsworthy, 1996). A trial was conducted to determine whether lactose supplementation could reduce the effects of protected fats on milk protein content during mid lactation.

Manipulation of milk protein content in dairy cows

In Practice ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Chamberlan
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Protein Content

The response of dairy cows to intravascular administration of two mixtures of amino acids

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 88-88
Author(s):  
J A Metcalf ◽  
L A Crompton ◽  
F R C Backwell ◽  
B J Bequette ◽  
M A Lomax ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Milk Protein Content

Previous work by this group (Metcalf et al 1996) has shown that milk protein concentration can be increased by jugular infusion of different mixtures of amino acids (AA). The current experiment was designed in part to investigate which groups of AA had the greatest effect in stimulating milk protein content.

scholarly journals Variation in the bovine FABP4 gene affects milk yield and milk protein content in dairy cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zhou ◽  
L. Cheng ◽  
W. Azimu ◽  
S. Hodge ◽  
G. R. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Protein Content

The response of dairy cows to intravascular administration of two mixtures of amino acids

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 88-88
Author(s):  
J A Metcalf ◽  
L A Crompton ◽  
F R C Backwell ◽  
B J Bequette ◽  
M A Lomax ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Milk Protein Content

Previous work by this group (Metcalf et al 1996) has shown that milk protein concentration can be increased by jugular infusion of different mixtures of amino acids (AA). The current experiment was designed in part to investigate which groups of AA had the greatest effect in stimulating milk protein content.

Effects of calcium soaps of rapeseed fatty acids and protected methionine on milk yield and composition in dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZYGMUNT M. KOWALSKI ◽  
PAWEŁ M. PISULEWSKI ◽  
MAURO SPANGHERO
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Milk Protein Content

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementing the diets of dairy cows with Ca soaps of rapeseed fatty acids (CSRFA) and rumen-protected (RP) methionine on their milk yield and composition, including milk protein fractions and fatty acids. Twelve Polish Red Lowland cows were used in a complete balanced two period changeover experiment. The four treatment diets were a control consisting of a total mixed ration of grass silage and concentrates, and the total mixed ration supplemented with RP methionine, CSRFA or RP methionine plus CSRFA. Dry matter intake was not affected by diet. Milk yield increased when cows were given the diet with CSRFA, but supplementation of diets with RP methionine did not affect milk yield. Milk protein content, but not milk protein yield, decreased when CSRFA was given. The addition of RP methionine to the control diet and the CSRFA diet produced similar increases in the milk protein content. Supplementation of the diet with CSRFA significantly changed the milk fatty acid profile: the proportions of 10:0, 12:0, 14:0, 15:0 and 16:0 in milk fat decreased, but those of 18:0 and cis-18:1 increased. We conclude that CSRFA can be used in practical dairy diets to increase milk yield and manipulate its fatty acid composition.

The effect of different groups of amino acids on rat mammary protein synthesis in vitro

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 87-87
Author(s):  
J.Alderson ◽  
B.J. Bequette ◽  
M.A. Lomax
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Milk Industry ◽  
The Uk

The current pricing structure of the UK milk industry considers milk quality with higher premiums paid for milk protein content than for fat. Attempts to alter milk protein content by feeding extra protein(Bequette et al.,1998) or infusing amino acids(AA) in dairy cows has not always given consistent results. The present study is the first in a series where the objective is to use explants prepared from rat mammary glands to start identifying which AA may be (limiting) most important in regulating milk protein synthesis. Such information could be useful to identify specific AA which should be supplemented in the diet of the cow.

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