scholarly journals Effects of Feed Supplementation on Nesfatin-1, Insulin, Glucagon, Leptin, T3, Cortisol, and BCS in Milking Ewes Grazing on Semi-Natural Pastures

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Olimpia Barbato ◽  
Elena De Felice ◽  
Luca Todini ◽  
Laura Menchetti ◽  
Alessandro Malfatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Univariable Analysis ◽  
Feed Supplementation ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Body State ◽  
Condition Score

This study aimed to investigate the effects of feed supplementation on body condition score (BCS) and different metabolic hormones concentration in lactating sheep reared in Italian Central Apennine pastures during the grazing summer period. In this study, 24 Comisana x Appenninica pluriparous ewes from June until August were divided into two homogenous groups: the control group (UNS) was free to graze, while the other group (SUP), in addition to grazing, was supplemented with 600 g/day/head of cereals. At the start of the supplementation and at an interval of 9–10 days until the end of experimentation, BCS evaluation and blood withdrawal to assay nesfatin-1, insulin, glucagon, leptin, triiodothyronine and cortisol levels were performed. Univariable analysis showed no remarkable differences between the groups, while multivariable analysis suggested that the UNS group was characterized by a lower BCS and greater nesfatin-1 than the SUP group. These findings can be considered in relation to milk production, which shows a clear better persistence in the SUP group. Our results indicate that nutritional supplementation has protected ewes from the usual lowering of the body state linked to lactation and provides a good maintenance of milk production, determining also a better overall body and metabolic state of the animals, which is important at the beginning of the sexual season.

scholarly journals Effect of administering energy supplement in feed on body condition and performance of high-yield dairy cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
Horea Samanc ◽  
Danijela Kirovski ◽  
Milan Adamovic ◽  
Ivan Vujanac ◽  
Radisa Prodanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Energy Supplement ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Experimental Group

The objective of the investigations presented in this work was to establish the effects of a glycerol-based energy supplement in the diet of high-yield dairy cows on their body condition and production results during the early stage of lactation. Forty-seven cows were selected before calving, and they were divided into two groups: controls (n=26) and experimental (n=21). Cows of the experimental group were administered the preparation 'Energy Top' (Biochem GMBH, Germany), in a quantity of 250 ml daily during the final two weeks of the dry period and until the 60th day of lactation. The body condition score (BCS) of all cows was determined 10 days before calving, and on days 15 and 60 after calving. Blood samples were taken 10 days before and 15 days after calving, and concentrations of glucose and beta hydroxi-butyric acid (BHBA) were determined in all samples. Average daily milk production of all cows was measured on days 30 and 60 of lactation. The results showed that the differences in BCS between the dry period and puerperium, or the dry period and the 60th day of lactation, were within physiological values in the experimental group of cows, and higher than physiological values in the control group. Glucose concentration was statistically significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group of cows 10 days before calving (p<0.05) and 15 days after calving (p<0.01). Fifteen days after calving, the BHBA concentration in the control group of cows was significantly higher (p<0.01) than in the experimental group. On days 30 and 60 of lactation, the milk yield of experimental cows was higher than of those in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The obtained results indicate that energy supplements should be used as an integral part of the feed ration during the peripartal period in order to prevent changes in the body condition score of cows by more than 0.7 points, and also that, in cows with a daily milk production of up to 30 l, an energy supplement has a stimulatory effect on milk production until the establishing of an energy balance, in this case, until around the 30th day following calving. .

scholarly journals PSX-2 Growth and lactating performance of ewes fed with different energy levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 467-468
Author(s):  
Fernanda F Santos ◽  
Luciano Brochine ◽  
Vanderlei Benetel Junior ◽  
Maria Laura R Coelho ◽  
Augusto H Gameiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Condition Score

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the milk production, body weight, and body condition score (BCS) of ewes fed with different energy levels. Seventy-one ewes were used and distributed in three treatments according to the metabolizable energy (ME, Mcal/kg) levels in the diet: CTL = according to the NRC (2007) recommendation for each stage (gestation and lactation); PLUS = CTL plus 10% of ME per kilogram of dry matter; LESS = CTL less 10% ME per kilogram of dry matter. Body weight and body condition score were evaluated a week before the expected date of parturition, a week after giving birth, and at weaning (60 days). Dairy production was evaluated at 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days after giving birth by the indirect method of the two weighing. The experimental design was analyzed as randomized complete blocks. There were no differences on milk production during almost all the lactation curve. Only on day 50 (P = 0.051), CTL was still at peak, while LESS and PLUS had already decreased their production. However, at 60 days, all treatments were already with low production, justifying weaning in this period. Results of weight and BCS showed a significant difference in all periods evaluates. Ewes in the PLUS diet had greater BW and BCS. The BCS before giving birth is expected to be over 3.5 and treatment LESS was the only one that did not achieve this score (2.66, 3.37, 3.83 for LESS, CTL, and PLUS, respectively). At weaning, ewes fed PLUS and CTL had BCS of 3.51 and 2.92, respectively, but treatment LESS had only 1.82. That is prejudicial for the next mating seasonal and this animal. We concluded that LESS diet interfered with the body reserves of sheep.

Effect of α-tocopherol acetate and zinc supplementation on body condition, energy metabolites and milk production in Karan Fries cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Maurya ◽  
Anjali Aggarwal ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
B. K. Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Tocopherol Acetate ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Karan Fries

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of α-tocopherol acetate and zinc on body condition, energy metabolites and milk production in Karan Fries cows. Sixteen pregnant Karan Fries cows were selected two months before expected date of calving. The experimental animals were randomly divided in to two groups namely control group (eight cows) and treatment group (eight cows). Treatment group cows were supplemented with α-tocopherol acetate @ 1000 IU/day/cow and zinc @ 60 ppm/day/cow. Blood samples were collected on the days -60, -45, -30, -15, -7, 0, +7, +15, +30, +45 and +60 with respect to expected date of calving. The body weight and body condition score of all the experimental animals was recorded on the day of blood collection. After calving milk yield of the experimental animals was recorded till 60 days in milk. At parturition, body weight and body condition score differ significantly (P<0.001) in treatment group than control group (448.00 vs. 416.33 Kg and 4.42 vs. 4.17, respectively). The overall mean (±SEM) of plasma glucose was found to be significantly (P<0.001) higher in treatment group as compared to control group (62.39±1.23 vs. 57.44±1.59 mg/dl). The overall mean of non-esterified fatty acids was found to be significantly (P<0.001) lower in treatment group as compared to control group (197.10±3.38 vs. 239.21±3.48 μM/L). The overall mean of milk yield was found significantly (P<0.001) higher in treatment group as compared to control group (20.48±1.16 vs. 16.94±1.38 Kg/day i.e. 20.90%). The results of this study indicated that supplementation of antioxidants like α-tocopherol acetate and zinc have beneficial effects on milk production along with improved body condition and metabolic status of the animals.

Metabolic and endocrine profiles of primiparous beef cows grazing native grassland. 1. Relationships between body condition score at calving and metabolic profiles during the transition period

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 856 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Soca ◽  
M. Carriquiry ◽  
M. Claramun ◽  
V. Gestido ◽  
A. Meikle
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Condition Score

The body condition score (BCS) at calving has been postulated as the main factor in the interaction of nutrition and reproduction in beef-cow ecosystems. The objective of the present study was to analyse the effect of BCS at calving on endocrine and metabolic profiles during the transition period in primiparous Hereford cows (n = 56) grazing native grassland. Cow BCS was registered and plasma insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and metabolites (concentrations of urea, albumin, cholesterol, total protein, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA)) were determined in plasma from –30 to +45 days postpartum (DPP). The effect of BCS at calving (low ≤3.5 and moderate ≥4; 1–8 visual scale) on BCS evolution and hormone and metabolite concentrations were analysed using a time repeated-measures analysis. Cow BCS, NEFA, urea and IGF-I profiles were affected (P < 0.05) by the BCS at calving and DPP interaction, while insulin tended (P = 0.06) to be affected only by BCS at calving. The low-BCS cows presented a smaller loss of BCS during the prepartum than did moderate-BCS cows, and a delayed BCS recovery during the postpartum. The increase in plasma NEFA was greater (P < 0.05) and started earlier during the prepartum period in the low-BCS cows. Protein concentrations increased during prepartum to +30 DPP, while albumin and urea concentrations were maintained until calving and decreased during the postpartum. Urea concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) during prepartum in low-BCS cows. Concentrations of IGF-I and insulin were greater (P < 0.05) in moderate- than low-BCS cows during prepartum, but did not differ between the groups after calving. No effects were observed in calf weight or milk production at +45 DPP. The association between BCS during prepartum and at calving with the endocrine and metabolic profiles (positive: insulin, IGF-I; negative: NEFA and urea) reflected a better nutritional status and plasticity to negative energy balance on moderate cows. This different endocrine milieu did not affect calf weight and/or milk production. In conclusion, the BCS at calving affected the metabolic and endocrine profile during the transition period of primiparous beef cows grazing native grassland.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA BODY CONDITION SCORE (BCS) DENGAN PRODUKSI SUSU SAPI PERAH FRIESIAN HOLSTEIN (FH)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Melsa Netika ◽  
Roesno Darsono ◽  
Budi Utomo ◽  
Imam Mustofa ◽  
Ismudiono Ismudiono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Condition Score

The aim of this research was to observe the Body Condition Score (BCS) and milk production of Friesian Holstein (FH) dairy cattles. 144 of dairy cattles divided into 3 groups based on BCS 1-9 scale. The results showed that Y = 6.62 + 5.54X - 5.78X2. Coefficient of determination (R2) of 20.6 this mean any increase in milk production by 20.6% is affected by BCS. It can be concluded that there is a correlation between Body Condition Score (BCS) and milk production. The higher BCS (BCS 7-8) the lower milk production, while in ideal BCS production (5-6) the production of milk is optimize.

scholarly journals Supplementing Dairy Ewes Grazing Low Quality Pastures with Plant-Derived Oils and Rumen-Protected EPA+DHA Pellets Improves Lactation Traits and Body Condition Score

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang V. Nguyen ◽  
Hung V. Le ◽  
Don V. Nguyen ◽  
Peter Nish ◽  
John R. Otto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Condition Score

The Australian dairy sheep industry is small and mostly based on a natural grass grazing system which can limit productivity. The current study tested different plant oil-infused and rumen protected polyunsaturated fats and their interactions with sire breeds to improve lactation traits and body condition score (BCS) of ewes grazing low quality pastures. It was hypothesised that supplementing lactating ewe diets plant-derived polyunsaturated oils will improve milk production and composition without compromising BCS. Sixty ewes (n=10/treatment) in mid-lactation, balanced by sire breed, parity, milk yield, body condition score, and liveweight were supplemented with: 1) control: wheat-based pellets without oil inclusion; wheat-based pellets including 2) canola oil (CO); 3) rice bran oil (RBO); 4) flaxseed oil (FSO), 5); safflower oil (SFO) and 6) rumen protected fat containing eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (RPO).&nbsp; Except for the control group, all supplementary diets included the same level of 50 ml/kg DM of oil and all diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Experimental animals were grazed in the same paddock with ad libitum access to pasture, hay and water during the 10-week study. RPO was the most effective diet that enhanced milk, fat and protein yields by approximately 30, 13, and 31% respectively (P&lt;0.0001). Significant increase in milk production was also observed in CO, RBO, and SFO (P&lt;0.0001). Breed significantly influenced animal performance with higher milk yield recorded for crossbred Awassi x East Friesian (AW x EF) (578 g/day) vs purebred Awassi (452 g/day) (P&lt;0.0001). This study provides empirical evidence for the use of rumen-protected and plant-derived oil-infused pellets as supplements under low quality pasture grazing conditions, to improve production performance of purebred Awassi and crossbred AW x EF ewes.

scholarly journals Effect of UMMB Supplementation during Winter on the Milk Production and Its Composition and Infertility in Dairy Cattle in Hill Management Production System

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chet Raj Upreti ◽  
Bashanta Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Binaya Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Management System ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Jersey Cows

Two groups, each containing 10 lactating cross bred Jersey cows were used to evaluate their feeding response on their milk production level and its quality in the mid hill’s livestock production and management system. Ten infertile Jersey cows were also selected for infertility study. The objective of the study was to evaluate on the response of Urea Molasses Mineral Block (UMMB) feed supplements in two management systems on the milk production, composition, and correction in infertility problem. Two sites of different management system, namely Saaradabatase and Naala in Kavrepalanchok district, were used to conduct the research for two years. Research was conducted during winter from February to April 2007 and 2008 for 60 with 7 days adjustment period in each site. Ten lactating dairy cows were supplemented with UMMB and ten without UMMB for 30 days. In each location, both groups were recorded for their milk yield and milk quality (milk fat and SNF %). After 30 days, group A was stopped to offer block group and B was started to supplement UMMB for 30 days. Two kg blocks were fed in UMMB feeder (wooden made) to control the intake. In Ugrachandi Nala site i.e site A 25% green grass was offered. But in Saaradabatase, site B, rice straw was used as basal diet with or without small amount of green grass as per availability. Among the total 8 repeatedly breeding Jersey cattle, 25% i.e. 2 animals, came into heat and conceived due to the positive effect of UMMB. Body condition score was improved from 3.5 to 4 due to the effect of UMMB supplementation. A simple economical calculation was done to find out the net income. A net daily profit of NRs 10.77 per animal in Saaradabatase and NRs 5.96 in Nala was recorded with the UMMB fed group compared to control group. Study has concluded that UMMB as a feed supplement in the mid hill management is economical for winter feeding. UMMB supplementation is one of the means to correct infertility problem and for better condition score in dairy cattle. Key words: infertility; management system; milk production; rice straw; UMMB DOI: 10.3126/njst.v11i0.4126Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11 (2010) 71-78

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SHEARING DURING PREGNANCY ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN THE POST-PARTUM PERIOD OF EWES ON EXTENSIVE HUSBANDRY

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
Viviane Marques Guyoti ◽  
Mariana de Souza Farias ◽  
Magnus Larruscaim Dalmolin ◽  
César Henrique Poli ◽  
Verônica Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

The use of shearing during pregnancy has been described as a tool for improving productivity in sheep and for minimizing perinatal mortality in lambs through the increase of fetal development. This study assessed the effect of shearing around 74 days of gestation on the productive performance of ewes and lambs during the first month of life. Forty Corriedale ewes were inseminated in autumn in Southern Brazil. All ewes were kept together at the same pasture under extensive husbandry conditions. The ewes were randomly separated into two treatment groups: twenty animals were completely sheared at 74 ± 6 days of pregnancy, and twenty were kept without sheared during pregnancy, composing the control group. Ewes and their lambs were evaluated at three different times during the experiment: at birth, between 15 and 21 days post-partum and between 22 and 45 days post-partum. Ewes had their body condition score, body weight, placental weight, milk production and serum concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate measured, while lambs had hematocrit, hemoglobin, and plasma lactate and glucose, as well as body weight at birth and until wean determined. Values of hematocrit and hemoglobin were lower and body weight at birth and at wean was higher in the group of lambs born from sheared ewes. Placenta weight was higher in sheared ewes. Body condition score and beta-hydroxybutyrate showed no differences between groups. Milk production of sheared ewes (1.26 L/day) was higher than in control group (0.93 L/day). Shearing ewes at 74 days of pregnancy was efficient for the better development of lambs at post-birth, reducing perinatal mortality rates.

scholarly journals The analysis of the milk production and the body condition on two Saanen goat-farms

2009 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Myrtill Kocsisné Gráff ◽  
András Jávor ◽  
Sándor Kukovics
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Saanen Goat ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Production Change ◽  
Body Condition Scores

The authors carried out an examination on two Saanen goat farms during four months from May to August 2008. The body condition score and milk production of the goats were measured. In data processing analysis of variance was used to compare the data of the studied farms. They tried to find the answer for the question how the body condition scores and milk production change in each month. The changes observed in each farm were examined separately then they compared the values of the two farms.. On one of the farms the nutrition was proper therefore with an ideal, intermediate body condition (average 2.73) the goats produced a good amount of milk (2.5 milk-kg/mother/day). On the other farm the nutrition was not proper, therefore the body condition of the goats was weak (average 1.88). Their milk production decreased significantly from month to month (average 2.35 milk-kg/mother/day). The authors could conclude considering both farms that the more milk the goats produced, the lower their body condition score became. The two parameters showed negative correlation.

scholarly journals Is Improved Milk Production from Supplementation of Buffalo with Molasses Nutrient Blocks Containing 10% Urea, a Greenhouse Gas Emissions Mitigation Strategy?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Windsor ◽  
Susan Martin ◽  
Syseng Khounsy ◽  
James Young ◽  
Peter Thomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Large Ruminant ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Daily Milk Production

Milk production from Asiatic swamp buffalo is a new enterprise in Laos. As yields are limited, provision of high-quality Cow-Calf molasses nutrient blocks containing 10% urea (UMNB10) may improve productivity. A trial in a recently established commercial buffalo dairy examined dietary supplementation of lactating buffalo cows with UMNB10, with 3 groups of 9 cows in mid-lactation randomly selected. Two groups received ad-libitum access to UMBs with the remaining group free of block supplements. All animals were daily fed fresh Napier grass (30kg), corn (750gm), rice bran (1.45kg), plus accessed fresh Mulatto grass. Daily milk production (DMP) and body condition score (BCS) were recorded for the 2 months of access to UMB. Average DMP for the 2 supplemented groups were 1.02 litres and 0.96 litres, compared to 0.78 litres for the control group, suggesting improved milk productivity of 31% and 24% from accessing UMB. Partial budget analysis identified a strong incentive for use of the molasses blocks, with a net profit of USD408 and USD295 over a 30-day period for the supplemented groups. Molasses nutrient blocks may be a simple motivator for smallholder farmers in developing countries to increase the efficiency of large ruminant production, improving rural livelihoods, food security and potentially, reducing GHG emissions.

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