scholarly journals Welfare-Related Behaviors in Chickens: Characterization of Fear and Exploration in Local and Commercial Chicken Strains

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 679
Author(s):  
Verena Meuser ◽  
Leonie Weinhold ◽  
Sonja Hillemacher ◽  
Inga Tiemann
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Commercial Chicken ◽  
Novel Objects ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Free Ranging

Fear and exploration are crucial traits determining how animals behave in novel situations, and thus, they influence animal welfare. The aim of this study was the characterization of these behavioral traits among different strains to identify interesting alternatives for future poultry production. Whereas the Novel Object Test (NOT) focuses on fear and exploration of novel objects, the Avoidance Distance Test (ADT) addresses this in the context of humans. Here, a commercial hybrid line, a dual-purpose hybrid and a local adapted strain were tested. For the differences between strains and development of fear, Lohmann Brown (n = 714), Lohmann Dual (n = 844) and Rhinelander (n = 458) were observed weekly until maturity. Results show that fear and exploration towards unknown objects and humans are breed-specific (all p < 0.01). Additionally, development of fear in NOT and ADT differed between all three strains (both p < 0.01). The expressions of fear of humans or objects should be regarded as characteristics adapted for different husbandry systems and breeding goals, e.g., high exploratory behavior in aviary or high avoidance of predators in free-ranging husbandry or at least a balanced ratio between fear and exploration. Characterization of behavioral traits among different strains, understanding diversity and integrating these behaviors into future breeding and husbandry systems might reflect the need to preserve local strains and the potential to improve animal welfare.

scholarly journals Presence of NDM in non-E. coli Enterobacteriaceae in the poultry production environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 2209-2213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongmin Zhang ◽  
Jiyun Li ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Jianzhong Shen ◽  
Zhangqi Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Genomic Context ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Commercial Chicken ◽  
Chicken Farm

Abstract Objectives Characterization of non-Escherichia coli NDM-carrying Enterobacteriaceae in the poultry production environment. Methods A total of 36 NDM-positive Enterobacteriaceae (22 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 13 Enterobacter cloacae and 1 Salmonella enterica) were isolated from a chicken farm and WGS was conducted using Illumina Hiseq2500. The genomic characterization of the isolates acquired through WGS analysis included the genomic context-flanking blaNDM genes, MLST, the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and replicon types of plasmids. WGS information for another 73 K. pneumoniae isolates from different sources was retrieved from GenBank and then combined with isolates in this study for comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis. Results Three types of genetic environment carrying blaNDM were identified in 36 non-E. coli Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Sequence comparison analysis indicated these genetic environments were completely identical to our previous findings. WGS further revealed three major types of plasmids (IncFIB, IncX3 and IncFII) from these isolates and the phylogenetic analysis suggested several K. pneumoniae isolates with ST11, ST37 and ST147 from the commercial chicken farm that were closely related to isolates of human origin. Conclusions The blaNDM-harbouring genetic contexts were identified not only in E. coli, but also in K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae and S. enterica, which may indicate that blaNDM has been widely disseminated to non-E. coli Enterobacteriaceae species in animal farms. The close relationship of K. pneumoniae isolates from different origins suggests they could serve as a key vehicle for the transfer of ARGs between humans and food animal production environments.

Characterization of the novel HLA‐C *07:944 allele by next‐generation sequencing

HLA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Loginova ◽  
Olga Makhova ◽  
Daria Smirnova ◽  
Igor Paramonov ◽  
Maksim Zarubin
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Characterization of the novel HLA‐B *51:296 allele by next‐generation sequencing

HLA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Genebrier ◽  
Vincent Elsermans ◽  
Emeric Texeraud ◽  
Gerald Bertrand ◽  
Virginie Renac
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Characterization of the novel HLA‐DRB1*11:282 allele by sequencing‐based typing

HLA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Cargou ◽  
Vincent Elsermans ◽  
Isabelle Top ◽  
Laura Blouin ◽  
Jonathan Visentin
Keyword(s):  
The Novel

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Salmonella Jumbo-Phage pSal-SNUABM-04

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Jun Kwon ◽  
Sang Guen Kim ◽  
Hyoun Joong Kim ◽  
Sib Sankar Giri ◽  
Sang Wha Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Genome Comparison ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Reading Frames ◽  
Predicted Function

The increasing emergence of antimicrobial resistance has become a global issue. Therefore, many researchers have attempted to develop alternative antibiotics. One promising alternative is bacteriophage. In this study, we focused on a jumbo-phage infecting Salmonella isolated from exotic pet markets. Using a Salmonella strain isolated from reptiles as a host, we isolated and characterized the novel jumbo-bacteriophage pSal-SNUABM-04. This phage was investigated in terms of its morphology, host infectivity, growth and lysis kinetics, and genome. The phage was classified as Myoviridae based on its morphological traits and showed a comparatively wide host range. The lysis efficacy test showed that the phage can inhibit bacterial growth in the planktonic state. Genetic analysis revealed that the phage possesses a 239,626-base pair genome with 280 putative open reading frames, 76 of which have a predicted function and 195 of which have none. By genome comparison with other jumbo phages, the phage was designated as a novel member of Machinavirus composed of Erwnina phages.

Characterization of the novel HLA‐DQA1 *05:19 allele by next‐generation sequencing

HLA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Genebrier ◽  
Paul Rouzaire ◽  
Emeric Texeraud ◽  
Gerald Bertrand ◽  
Virginie Renac
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Hla Dqa1 ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Characterization of the novel HLA‐C *05:01:58 allele by sequencing‐based typing

HLA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Blandin ◽  
Gwendaline Guidicelli ◽  
Laura Blouin ◽  
Richard Lemal ◽  
Paul Rouzaire
Keyword(s):  
The Novel
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