scholarly journals Evolution of the Gut Microbiota and Its Fermentation Characteristics of Ningxiang Pigs at the Young Stage

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 638
Author(s):  
Hao Li ◽  
Longteng Ma ◽  
Zhiqing Li ◽  
Jie Yin ◽  
Bie Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Young Stage ◽  
Positive Correlations

The current study aimed to investigate the evolution of gut microbiota and its influencing factors for NXP in youth. The results showed that Shannon index increased from d 21 to d 28 whereas the ACE index increased from d 21 until d 60. Firmicutes, mainly Lactobacillus dominated on d 21. The Bacteroides and Spirochetes showed highest relative abundance on d 28. Fiber-degrading bacteria, mainly Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Muribaculaceae, and Oscillospiraceae_UCG−002, dominated the microbial communities at d 28 and d 35. The microbial communities at d 60 and d 75 contained more Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Terrisporobacter and Oscillospiraceae_UCG−005 than other ages, which had significantly positive correlations with acetate and total SCFAs concentration. In conclusion, the evolution of gut microbiota was mainly adapted to the change of dietary factors during NXP growth. The response of fiber-degrading bacteria at different stages may help NXP better adapt to plant-derived feeds.

Fecal Microbiota Diversity in Survivors of Adolescent/Young Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 1533-1533
Author(s):  
Wendy Cozen ◽  
Guoqin Yu ◽  
Mitchell Gail ◽  
Bharat N. Nathwani ◽  
Amie E. Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Tree Index ◽  
Unique Otus ◽  
Whole Tree

Abstract Abstract 1533 Survivors of adolescent/young adult Hodgkin lymphoma (AYAHL) report fewer exposures to infections during childhood compared to controls. They also have persistent genomic and functional aberrations in their lymphocytes that are partially attributable to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiome can affect both the innate and adaptive immune response, and can suppress or exacerbate an inflammatory response. Given the central role of the gut microbiota in immune function, we investigated whether AYAHL survivors, who were members of 13 mono- and dizygotic twin pairs discordant for this disease, have differences in the diversity or phylogenetic configurations of their fecal microbiota compared to their unaffected co-twins. Twin pairs discordant for AYAHL are an ideal study population because they are at least partially matched on genetic and early life factors, both of which influence the composition of the gut microbiome. Pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA amplicons generated from single fecal samples obtained from each individual yielded 253,182 filtered and de-noised reads translated into species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Standardized across individuals by random sampling, reads were assigned to 2513 OTUs to compare microbiome diversity and relative abundance of taxa. The number of OTU's was compared between twins using a paired student's t-test and a one-way analysis of variance was performed to determine whether such measures differed across twin pairs by comparing the measures between twins to those of randomly paired individuals. AYAHL survivors had less diverse fecal microbial communities compared to their unaffected co-twin controls by all measures of alpha diversity (Table 1). Measures that weighted the relative abundance of the bacteria were not statistically significantly different (Shannon Index, p= 0.270; Chao index, p= 0.066, PD Whole Tree Index, p= 0.051). However, when the unweighted number of unique OTUs was considered, the difference was significant (338 in cases vs. 369 in unaffected co-twin controls, p= 0.015). When the analysis was restricted to OTUs that were present at an abundance of > 0.1% in at least 2 of the 23 samples analyzed, the differences were attenuated, with only the PD Whole Tree index difference in diversity remaining marginally significant (p= 0.045). Only one bacterial taxon was associated with AYAHL, probably due to chance. Phylogenetic measurements indicated that the bacterial component of the microbiota of co-twins were more similar with respect to one another than unrelated individuals, although no differences by zygosity were observed. These results provide evidence that AYAHL survivors have reduced diversity of the gut microbiota, perhaps as a consequence the disease, its treatment, or a particularly hygienic environment. Table 1. Comparisons of alpha diversity measurements between Hodgkin lymphoma cases and co-twin controls. Measurements of Alpha Diversity Mean (Cases) Mean (Unaffected Co-twins) Mean Difference (Unaffected co-twin-case difference) P-value1 Initial analysis No. unique OTUs 338 369 31 0.015 Shannon index 5.6 5.8 0.2 0.27 Chao1 533 574 41 0.066 PD_whole tree 21.2 22.8 1.6 0.051 Conservative analysis No. unique OTUs 183 196 13 0.10 Shannon index 5.2 5.4 0.2 0.40 Chao1 230 237 7 0.47 PD_whole tree 13.7 14.6 0.9 0.045 1 P-value by paired t-tests. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Inconsistent response of soil bacterial and fungal communities in aggregates to litter decomposition during short-term incubation

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e8078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Chao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Litter Addition ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Background Soil aggregate-size classes and microbial communities within the aggregates are important factors regulating the soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover. However, the response of soil bacterial and fungal communities in aggregates to litter decomposition in different aggregate-size classes is poorly understand. Methods Soil samples from un-grazed natural grassland were separated into four dry aggregate classes of different sizes (2–4 mm, 1–2 mm, 0.25–1 mm and <0.25 mm). Two types of plant litter (leaf and stem) of Leymus chinensis were added to each of the four aggregate class samples. The CO2 release rate, SOC storage and soil microbial communities were measured at the end of the 56-day incubation. Results The results showed that the 1–2 mm aggregate had the highest bacterial Shannon and CO2 release in CK and leaf addition treatments, and the SOC in the <0.25 mm aggregate was higher than that in the others across the treatments. The relative abundance of Ascomycota was higher in the 2–4 mm and <0.25 mm aggregates than in the 1–2 mm and 0.25–1 mm aggregates in the treatment without litter addition, and the relative abundance of Aphelidiomycota was lower in the 2–4 mm and <0.25 mm aggregates than in the 1–2 mm and 0.25–1 mm aggregates. Also, litter addition increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, but decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Actinobacteria. The relative abundance of Ascomycota and Aphelidiomycota increased by more than 10% following leaf litter addition. The bacterial Shannon index had a significantly positive and direct effect on SOC concentration and CO2 release, while the fungal Shannon index was significantly correlated with SOC concentration. Our results indicate that the soil bacterial diversity contributes positively to both carbon emissions and carbon storage, whereas soil fungal diversity can promote carbon storage and decrease carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Dietary Variety Relates to Gut Microbiota Diversity and Abundance

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1166-1166
Author(s):  
Rui Lin ◽  
Xueran Huang ◽  
Yongfen Gao ◽  
Qiantu Hu ◽  
Wanrong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Lower Score ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Dietary Variety ◽  
Cumulative Score

Abstract Objectives Cumulative evidence indicated dietary intake is associated with gut microbiota. This study aim to investigate the association between Dietary Variety Score (DVS) and the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) and gut microbiota in healthy individuals. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed gut microbiota composition and structure using 16S rRNA gene (V4-V5 region) sequencing of 128 participants. Dietary frequency and 24-h dietary consumption was ascertained using an FFQ. Differences in α- and β-diversity and taxonomic relative abundances between the higher and lower DVS and INQs were compared, followed by multivariable analyses. Results The structure of the microbiota significantly differed by dietary variety. A lower score for DVS was associated with significantly lower richness (Shannon index P = 0.0096). The INQ of vitamin E (INQVE), Zinc (INQZn) and vitamin B6 (INQB6) correlated positively with the Shannon index (rho = 0.235, P = 0.008 for INQVE; rho = 0.209, P = 0.019 for INQZn; rho = 0.182, P = 0.040 for INQB6). A cumulative higher score of INQZn, INQB6 and INQVE was associated with significantly higher richness (Shannon index p-trend = 0.001). A lower score for DVS was associated with significantly reduced relative abundance of genus on Alistipes, Megasphaera and Barnesiella but higher Roseburia and Haemophilus. A lower score for INQVE was associated with significantly reduced relative abundance of genus on Coprococcus and Romboutsia. A lower score for INQB6 was associated with significantly reduced relative abundance of genus on Lachnospira, Dorea, Butyricicoccus, and Anaerostipes but higher Lachnoclostridium (the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) &gt;3). Meanwhile, the abundance of Coprococcus significantly increased with the higher cumulative score of INQVE, INQZn and INQB6 (P &lt; 0.01), and it associated negatively with LDL level (coef = −0.264, P = 0.041). The findings were confirmed by multivariate analysis. Conclusions Lower dietary variety was significantly associated with reduced relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria but increased potentially harmful bacteria in the healthy individuals. Funding Sources This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82,060,593), Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province (No. 2018GXNSFDA050019).

scholarly journals Oregano essential oil improves piglet health and performance through maternal feeding and is associated with changes in the gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Hall ◽  
D. J. Wilkinson ◽  
M. Le Bon
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Background With a growing demand for safe and sustainable alternatives to antimicrobials, functional feed ingredients such as plant essential oils have been evaluated for their potential to improve gut health. Amongst these, oregano essential oil (OEO) with the main active compounds carvacrol and thymol has been reported to have antimicrobial and antioxidative properties resulting in improved intestinal barrier function and growth in pigs and poultry. However, its impact on the gut microbiota still remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of an oregano essential oil phytobiotic on sow and piglet performance and faecal microbiota. Results Piglets from OEO supplemented sows were significantly heavier at one week of age and showed a trend for improved average daily weight gain from birth to weaning. Post-weaning, maternally supplemented piglets were numerically heavier at 10 weeks post-weaning and at slaughter with a reduced variability in bodyweight. Health records showed that piglets in the OEO supplemented litters had significantly reduced incidence of therapeutic treatment and reduced mortality. In both sows and piglets, the structure and composition of the faecal microbiota varied considerably over time. Sows supplemented with OEO during lactation showed an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae family. In addition, there was an increase in the relative abundance of families known to be important in fibre digestion (Fibrobacteriaceae and Akkermansiaceae). Analysis of piglet microbiota at two weeks and four weeks of age revealed a relative decrease in Enterobacteriaceae while butyrate producers (Lachnospiraceae family) were increased at both timepoints. Conclusion We hypothesise that the effects observed from this study were exerted through modulation of the gut microbial communities in the sow and her offspring through maternal microbial transfer. Understanding the link between the gut microbiota and dietary factors represents a keystone to improving health and performance for sustainable pig production. Reducing antimicrobial usage can help to reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) which is a global focus for animal production.

scholarly journals Potential use of ground brown rice for weanling pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Jae Lee ◽  
Sheena Kim ◽  
Jin Ho Cho ◽  
Hyunjin Kyoung ◽  
Seonmin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract The current study was to assess the effects of substituting corn with ground brown rice (GBR) on growth performance, immune status, and gut microbiota in weanling pigs. Seventy-two weanling pigs [28-day-old with 6.78 ± 0.94 kg body weight (BW)] were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments with 6 pens and 6 pigs (3 barrows and gilts) per pen with in a randomized complete block design. The control pigs were fed a typical diet for weanling pigs based on corn and soybean meal diet (control diet: CON), and the other pigs were fed a diet formulated by replacing corn with GBR for 35 days. Growth performance, immune status, and gut microbiota of weanling pigs were measured. The substitution of corn with GBR did not affect growth performance or diarrhea frequency. Additionally, there were no differences in white blood cell number, hematocrit, cortisol, C-reactive protein, serum TNF-α levels between pigs fed CON or GBR for the first 2 weeks after weaning. However, weanling pigs fed GBR had lower (P &lt; 0.05) serum TGF-β1 level than those fed CON. Furthermore, weanling pigs fed GBR had increased (P &lt; 0.05) relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes and genus Lactobacillus and Streptococcus and decreased (P &lt; 0.05) relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Clostridium and Prevotella in the gut microbiota compared with those fed CON. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in growth performance when corn was replaced with GBR in diets for weanling pigs. Furthermore, the substitution of corn with GBR in weaning diet modulated immune status and gut microbiota of pigs by increasing beneficial microbial communities and reducing harmful microbial communities. Overall, GBR-based diet is a potentially alternative to corn-based diet without negative effects on growth performance, immune status and gut microbiota changes of weanling pigs.

scholarly journals Plant n-alkane production from litterfall altered the diversity and community structure of alkane degrading bacteria in litter layer in lowland subtropical rainforest in Taiwan

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tung-Yi Huang ◽  
Bing-Mu Hsu ◽  
Wei-Chun Chao ◽  
Cheng-Wei Fan
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Data ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Alkb Gene ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract. n-Alkane and alkane-degrading bacteria have long been used as important biological indicators in paleoecology, petroleum pollution and oil and gas prospecting. However, their relationships in natural forests are still poorly understood. In this study, long chain n-alkane (C14-C35) levels of plants in litterfall, litter layer and topsoil and the diversity and abundance of n-alkane-degrading bacterial community in litter layer were investigated in 3 habitats across a lowland subtropical rainforest in southern Taiwan, i.e. the ravine habitat, the windward habitat and leeward habitat in Nanjenshan. Our results demonstrated that the litterfall production and flux of long chain n-alkane in ravine area were highest among all habitats. However, long chain n-alkane concentration formed a steep gradient to a similar level from the litterfall to the bulk soil in all habitats, suggesting a higher degrading rate of long chain n-alkane in ravine habitat. The operational taxonomic unit (OTU) analysis from next generation sequencing data revealed that the relative abundance of microbial communities in windward and leeward habitats were similar to each other and different from ravine habitat. Metagenomic data mining by NCBI database revealed that alkB gene associated bacterial (95 % similarity to alkB contained bacteria in DNA sequence) were highest in ravine area compared to other habitats. Empirical testing of litter-layer samples by semi-quantitative PCR in alkB gene levels confirmed that ravine habitat had higher alkB gene levels than windward and leeward habitats. Heat map analysis revealed a parallel in the color pattern between plant vegetation and microbial species-composition of habitats, suggesting a causal relationship between the plant n-alkane production and the diversity of microbial communities. This finding indicated that the diversity and relative abundance of microbial communities in litter layer were affected by the n-alkane composition in litterfall derived by plant vegetation.

scholarly journals Lipid hydrolysis products affect the composition of infant gut microbial communities in vitro

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikke G. Nejrup ◽  
Martin I. Bahl ◽  
Louise K. Vigsnæs ◽  
Christine Heerup ◽  
Tine R. Licht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Lipid Hydrolysis ◽  
Lipid Mixtures ◽  
Hydrolysis Products

Some lipid hydrolysis products such as medium-chained NEFA (MC-NEFA), sphingosine and monoacylglycerols (MAG) possess antibacterial activity, while others, including oleic acid, are essential for the optimal growth of Lactobacillus species. Thus, changes in the concentrations of NEFA and MAG in the distal ileum and colon can potentially selectively modulate the composition of the gut microbiota, especially in early life when lipid absorption efficacy is reduced. As medium-chained fatty acids are enriched in mothers' milk, such effects may be highly relevant during gut colonisation. In the present study, we examined the effect of selected NEFA, MAG and sphingosine on the composition of faecal microbial communities derived from infants aged 2–5 months during a 24 h anaerobic in vitro fermentation. We tested lipid mixtures in the concentration range of 0–200 μm, either based on MC-NEFA (10 : 0 to 14 : 0 and MAG 12 : 0) or long-chained NEFA (LC-NEFA; 16 : 0 to 18 : 1 and MAG 16 : 0) with and without sphingosine, representing lipid hydrolysis products characteristic for intestinal hydrolysis of breast milk lipids. Ion Torrent sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed that the relative abundance of lactic acid-producing genera, including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, was generally increased in the presence of 50 μm or higher concentrations of MC-NEFA. For Bifidobacterium, the same effect was also observed in the presence of a mixture containing LC-NEFA with sphingosine. On the contrary, the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae was significantly decreased in the presence of both lipid mixtures. Our findings suggest that the high concentration of medium-chained fatty acids in breast milk might have functional effects on the establishment of the gut microbiota in early life.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome in a Russian Cohort of Pre- and Post-Cholecystectomy Female Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Irina Grigor’eva ◽  
Tatiana Romanova ◽  
Natalia Naumova ◽  
Tatiana Alikina ◽  
Alexey Kuznetsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Before And After

The last decade saw extensive studies of the human gut microbiome and its relationship to specific diseases, including gallstone disease (GSD). The information about the gut microbiome in GSD-afflicted Russian patients is scarce, despite the increasing GSD incidence worldwide. Although the gut microbiota was described in some GSD cohorts, little is known regarding the gut microbiome before and after cholecystectomy (CCE). By using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, we inventoried the fecal bacteriobiome composition and structure in GSD-afflicted females, seeking to reveal associations with age, BMI and some blood biochemistry. Overall, 11 bacterial phyla were identified, containing 916 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The fecal bacteriobiome was dominated by Firmicutes (66% relative abundance), followed by Bacteroidetes (19%), Actinobacteria (8%) and Proteobacteria (4%) phyla. Most (97%) of the OTUs were minor or rare species with ≤1% relative abundance. Prevotella and Enterocossus were linked to blood bilirubin. Some taxa had differential pre- and post-CCE abundance, despite the very short time (1–3 days) elapsed after CCE. The detailed description of the bacteriobiome in pre-CCE female patients suggests bacterial foci for further research to elucidate the gut microbiota and GSD relationship and has potentially important biological and medical implications regarding gut bacteria involvement in the increased GSD incidence rate in females.

scholarly journals Influence of pig farming on human Gut Microbiota: role of airborne microbial communities

Gut Microbes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Julia Moor ◽  
Tsering Wüthrich ◽  
Suzanne Aebi ◽  
Nadezda Mostacci ◽  
Gudrun Overesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pig Farming

scholarly journals Gut microbiota markers associated with obesity and overweight in Italian adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Palmas ◽  
Silvia Pisanu ◽  
Veronica Madau ◽  
Emanuela Casula ◽  
Andrea Deledda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Illumina Platform ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractIn the present study, we characterized the distinctive signatures of the gut microbiota (GM) from overweight/obese patients (OB), and normal-weight controls (NW), both of Sardinian origin. Fecal bacterial composition of 46 OB patients (BMI = 36.6 ± 6.0; F/M = 40/6) was analyzed and compared to that of 46 NW subjects (BMI = 21.6 ± 2.1; F/M = 41/5), matched for sex, age and smoking status, by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on MiSeq Illumina platform. The gut microbial community of OB patients exhibited a significant decrease in the relative abundance of several Bacteroidetes taxa (i.e. Flavobacteriaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Sphingobacteriaceae, Flavobacterium, Rikenella spp., Pedobacter spp., Parabacteroides spp., Bacteroides spp.) when compared to NW; instead, several Firmicutes taxa were significantly increased in the same subjects (Lachnospiraceae, Gemellaceae, Paenibacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Thermicanaceae, Gemella, Mitsuokella, Streptococcus, Acidaminococcus spp., Eubacterium spp., Ruminococcus spp., Megamonas spp., Streptococcus, Thermicanus, Megasphaera spp. and Veillonella spp.). Correlation analysis indicated that body fatness and waist circumference negatively correlated with Bacteroidetes taxa, while Firmicutes taxa positively correlated with body fat and negatively with muscle mass and/or physical activity level. Furthermore, the relative abundance of several bacterial taxa belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family, known to exhibit endotoxic activity, was increased in the OB group compared to NW. The results extend our knowledge on the GM profiles in Italian OB, identifying novel taxa linking obesity and intestine.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document