scholarly journals Influence of the Number of Queens on Nest Establishment: Native and Invasive Ant Species

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Irene Castañeda ◽  
Elsa Bonnaud ◽  
Franck Courchamp ◽  
Gloria Luque
Keyword(s):  
Species Differences ◽  
Argentine Ants ◽  
Invasive Ant ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Ant Colonies ◽  
Worker Behavior ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Nest Maintenance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Tapinoma Nigerrimum

As a critical stage in the life cycle of ant colonies, nest establishment depends on external and internal factors. This study investigates the effect of the number of queens on queen and worker behavior during nest establishment in invasive Argentine ants (Linepitema humile) and native Mediterranean Tapinoma nigerrimum. We set up experimental colonies with the same number of workers but with one or six queens. At different time points, we recorded the positions of queens and workers inside and outside the nest. Our results highlight the influence of the number of queens on the position of queens and workers with between-species differences. Queens of both species entered the nests more quickly when there were six queens. During nest establishment, more workers were inside nests with six queens for both species, with this effect being greater for T. nigerrimum. Once nests were established, fewer workers of both species were engaged in nest maintenance and feeding in nests with six queens; T. nigerrimum had fewer workers engaged in patrolling. These results suggest that the number of queens is a key factor driving queen and worker behavior during and after nest establishment with different species responses.

scholarly journals Human-Robot Handshaking: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vignesh Prasad ◽  
Ruth Stock-Homburg ◽  
Jan Peters
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Natural Interaction ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Verbal Behaviour ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Physical Touch

AbstractFor some years now, the use of social, anthropomorphic robots in various situations has been on the rise. These are robots developed to interact with humans and are equipped with corresponding extremities. They already support human users in various industries, such as retail, gastronomy, hotels, education and healthcare. During such Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) scenarios, physical touch plays a central role in the various applications of social robots as interactive non-verbal behaviour is a key factor in making the interaction more natural. Shaking hands is a simple, natural interaction used commonly in many social contexts and is seen as a symbol of greeting, farewell and congratulations. In this paper, we take a look at the existing state of Human-Robot Handshaking research, categorise the works based on their focus areas, draw out the major findings of these areas while analysing their pitfalls. We mainly see that some form of synchronisation exists during the different phases of the interaction. In addition to this, we also find that additional factors like gaze, voice facial expressions etc. can affect the perception of a robotic handshake and that internal factors like personality and mood can affect the way in which handshaking behaviours are executed by humans. Based on the findings and insights, we finally discuss possible ways forward for research on such physically interactive behaviours.

Correlation of yarn feeding to the dimensional and elastic parameters of tubular knitted fabric

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110371
Author(s):  
Yanhong Yuan ◽  
Jie Zhong ◽  
Xin Ru ◽  
Bing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Loop Formation ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Machine Operators ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Optimal Feed ◽  
Feeding Parameters ◽  
Set Up

The yarn feeding for a loop formation is a critical factor in determining the size and elasticity of highly elastic knitted fabrics. Currently, the prevalent production processes rely on experienced machine operators to set up the optimal feed rate by trial and error. To improve production efficiency and reduce the reliance on the operator’s skill, we attempt to create a structure model of tubular knitted fabric that could correlate the size as well as elasticity of fabric with the loop geometry parameters (wale spacing, course spacing) of the yarn feeding. The experimental tensile test of the elastic fabric verified that the model is able to deduce the yarn feeding parameters from the elasticity and dimensional requirements of the fabric to be knitted. It is also illustrated that the yarn feeding is a key factor in controlling the elasticity of knitted fabrics.

scholarly journals Coworking, the Sharing Economy, and the City: Which Role for the ‘Coworking Entrepreneur’?

Urban Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Durante ◽  
Margherita Turvani
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Entrepreneurial Action ◽  
Coworking Spaces ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City

Sharing economy platforms enabled by information and communication technologies (ICTs) are facilitating the diffusion of collaborative workplaces. Coworking spaces are emerging as a distinctive phenomenon in this context, not only fostering knowledge transfer and facilitating innovation, but also affecting the urban and socio-economic fabric contributing to urban regeneration processes at both the local scale and the city scale. Although the positive impacts of coworking on the urban environment are documented, there is still little or no evidence of the economic viability of coworking businesses, and a “coworking bubble” has been evoked. Given the lack of data, a national survey was set up of Italian coworking businesses, aimed at assessing the relevance of internal organizational factors (size, occupancy, profitability, services provided) for the sustainability of coworking businesses. By presenting the results of the survey, we argue that the sustainability and viability of the coworking model is highly dependent on internal factors, strictly related to the entrepreneurial action of coworking managers.

scholarly journals Pristup obrazovnom dizajnu za 2026.

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Željko Burcar
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Education System ◽  
Project Approach ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Project Model ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Model Algorithm

We live in a society of knowledge? Labor market needs every day set new demands for competences. The project approach to designing education appears to be inevitable. Competences are a key factor and one of the prerequisites for an individual's success in the labor market, which will be even more flexible in the near future. The labor market for 8 years will require many new competencies. The education system must prepare current students for future competencies based on ZVSSOUP model. In this paper, theoretical elements of designing and redesigning educational content have been set up according to project principles. Efficient project model algorithm assumes design from the final goal to the beginning. The proposed algorithm can meet the needs for quick redefinition of the required competencies for the future labor market and will also be tested by future empirical research.

Temperature as a key factor for successful inoculation of soybean with Bradyrhizobium spp. under cool growing conditions in Belgium

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pannecoucque ◽  
S. Goormachtigh ◽  
J. Ceusters ◽  
J. Debode ◽  
C. Van Waes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Rhizobial Symbiosis ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Intermediate Performance

AbstractBacterial inoculation of soybean seeds to improve biological nitrogen fixation is a well-known practice to achieve higher seed and protein yield with reduced fertilization. The optimal inoculation strategy in temperate regions is unknown because soybeans are rarely cultivated under colder growing conditions. The aim of the present work was to determine the most suitable inoculation strategy for soybean cultivation in Belgium. Field trials were set up with four Bradyrhizobium inoculants (HiStick, Force 48, Biodoz and Optimize) at two locations over 2 years (2014–2015) and compared with a non-inoculated control treatment. In addition, HiStick was tested at three doses and Optimize at two time periods prior to sowing. Under Belgian conditions, all inoculants were effective in establishing rhizobial symbiosis, resulting in increased yield, protein content, protein yield and thousand-grain weight compared with the non-inoculated control. A single dose of HiStick was sufficient to establish symbiosis. Pre-inoculation with Optimize 2 weeks before sowing gave an intermediate performance for most parameters between the non-inoculated control treatment and inoculation with Optimize 24 h prior to sowing. Among the four products tested, Biodoz seemed the best product for inoculation under cool growing conditions. Based on the atpD gene, the bacterial strain of Biodoz showed complete similarity with Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens, while strains of other products were identified as Bradyrhizobium japonicum. In vitro growing capacity of the Biodoz strain at 8 °C was higher compared with the other strains. Better cold adaptation of the Biodoz strain might be a possible explanation for the better performance of Biodoz in Belgium.

Overcoming Intersectional Barriers

2018 ◽  
pp. 971-993
Author(s):  
Sara L. Parker ◽  
Kay Standing
Keyword(s):  
Life Experiences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
Just Society ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research And Policy

This chapter discusses the complexity and challenges of exploring the impact of gender on women's ability to realise their potential in Nepal. It demonstrates the limitations of using binary divisions to exploring ‘gender' as a key factor that impacts upon women's lives. By analysing interviews with ‘inspirational' women in Nepal conducted between 2009 and 2012 the chapter highlights the importance of exploring intersectional factors that also influenced women's life experiences. Based on interviews with 34 ‘inspirational' women in Nepal the chapter explores how the term ‘inspirational' is defines and discusses the range of work being done by so many women in Nepal that is truly inspiring. Through a discourse analysis of their stories of childhood and education we can see what key factors have played a role in enabling these women to realise their potential and to overcome intersectional barriers to work in a range of diverse positions, from the first female District Development Officer to the first women to gain her doctorate from overseas, to women who have set up NGOS working towards a more equitable and just society to others who have set up their own businesses or becoming leading academics. The conclusion draws together some key recommendations for future research and policy makers as well as those seeking to promote more equitable sustainable development that truly includes women in the process as autonomous, heterogeneous actors in the development process

scholarly journals Explaining Sex Differences in Motorcyclist Riding Behavior: An Application of Multi-Group Structural Equation Modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8797
Author(s):  
Savalee Uttra ◽  
Napat Laddawan ◽  
Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha ◽  
Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Perceived Behavior Control ◽  
Motorcycle Rider ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Road accidents are caused by humans, vehicles, and road environments. Human attitudes affect behavioral changes and can lead to unsafe riding behavior. The sex of an individual is a key factor that affects their riding behavior. We aimed to use structural equation modeling (SEM) by analyzing the multi-group SEM between men and women and applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the locus of control (LC) theory. The data used in the research were collected from all over Thailand, consisting of 1516 motorcycle riders (903 men and 613 women) aged over 20 years. A self-administered questionnaire was designed for data collection of the riding behavior using the Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ), including traffic errors, control errors, stunt frequency, and safety equipment. We found that riding behaviors between men and women were significantly different in both theories. For men, TPB showed that the main factors that highly influenced motorcycle riding behavior (MRB) were the attitudes based on health motivation (AHM) and perceived behavior control (PC); for women, AHM produced a stronger effect than in men. However, for the subjective norms (SN) factor, we found no direct effect on MRB, but did find an indirect effect through the attitudes based on severity (ASE) in both sexes. Particularly for women, the indirect influence value of the SN factor was higher. For women, the LC showed that internal factors had more influence than external factors. The same was found for men, but the effect in women was significantly stronger. We found that sex significantly affected the MRB. Therefore, policies must be implemented that address each group specifically as their attitudes and behaviors are different.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigations of Noise Control in Planetary Gear Set by Phasing

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Gawande ◽  
S. N. Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Gear Noise ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
Internal Excitation ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Set Up

Now a days reduction of gear noise and resulting vibrations has received much attention of the researchers. The internal excitation caused by the variation in tooth mesh stiffness is a key factor in causing vibration. Therefore to reduce gear noise and vibrations several techniques have been proposed in recent years. In this research the experimental work is carried out to study the effect of planet phasing on noise and subsequent resulting vibrations of Nylon-6 planetary gear drive. For this purpose experimental set-up was built and trials were conducted for two different arrangements (i.e., with phasing and without phasing) and it is observed that the noise level and resulting vibrations were reduced by planet phasing arrangement. So from the experimental results it is observed that by applying the meshing phase difference one can reduce planetary gear set noise and vibrations.

scholarly journals Porosity Measurement of Low Permeable Materials Using Gas Expansion Induced Water Intrusion Porosimetry (GEIWIP)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miad Jarrahi ◽  
Douglas W. Ruth ◽  
Mohamed T. Bassuoni ◽  
Hartmut M. Holländer
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cost ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Preparation Time ◽  
Water Intrusion ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Gas Expansion ◽  
Wetting Fluid ◽  
Mobile Measurement

AbstractPorosity measurement is a key factor to identify the hydraulic performance of low permeable porous materials (e.g. rock or concrete). Porosimetry tests such as Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), or Gas Expansion (GE) are cost-prohibitive, use hazardous materials, or are incapable of accessing all inter-connected pores. An alternative Gas Expansion Induced Water Intrusion Porosimetry (GEIWIP) method was developed to measure the porosity of a low permeable porous medium using a gas/water intrusion apparatus. This method overcomes the previously mentioned porosimetry drawbacks by using distilled de-aired water (DDW) as a hazard-free liquid which is a wetting fluid to intrude the porous structure and fill the pores. As the DDW has the tendency to fill all inter-connected pores, no back-up pressure is required. This method has lower cost and needs less preparation time comparing to MIP test. Additionally, the GEIWIP set-up, the gas/water intrusion apparatus, can be moved to the field site and provide mobile measurement feasibility. The reliability of the test results was obtained by a repetitive testing process. The porosity of concrete samples with different mixtures was obtained and compared to those of MIP and NMR tests.

Effect of Coating Thickness on the Friction Coefficients and Torque-Tension Relationship in Threaded Fasteners

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amro M. Zaki ◽  
Sayed A. Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Friction Coefficients ◽  
Threaded Fasteners ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Bearing Friction

This paper experimentally investigates the effect of coating thickness on the thread, bearing friction coefficients and torque-tension relationship in threaded fasteners. The torque-tension relationship is highly sensitive frictional changes. Two different coating thicknesses are investigated using two bolt sizes; realtime test data is collected for two ranges of bolt tension. The experimental set up collects real-time data on the tightening torque, bolt tension, and the corresponding reaction torque. Test data is used for calculating the thread and bearing friction coefficients, as well as the overall torque-tension relationship for two different coating thicknesses. The study would provide an insight into the variation of the torque-tension relationship which is a key factor that significantly affect the reliability and safety of bolted assemblies in many mechanical and structural applications.

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