scholarly journals Equine Discomfort Ethogram

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Catherine Torcivia ◽  
Sue McDonnell
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Physical Discomfort ◽  
Professional Health ◽  
The University

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in and need for a comprehensive ethogram of discomfort behavior of horses, particularly for use in recognizing physical discomfort in domestically managed horses. A clear understanding of the physical discomfort behavior of horses among caretakers, trainers, and professional health care personnel is important to animal welfare and caretaker safety. This is particularly relevant to pain management for hospitalized equine patients. Various pain scale rubrics have been published, typically incorporating only a few classically cited pain behaviors that, in many cases, are specific to a particular body system, anatomic location, or disease condition. A consistent challenge in using these rubrics in practice, and especially in research, is difficulty interpreting behaviors listed in various rubrics. The objective of this equine discomfort ethogram is to describe a relatively comprehensive catalog of behaviors associated with discomfort of various degrees and sources, with the goal of improving understanding and clarity of communication regarding equine discomfort and pain. An inventory of discomfort-related behaviors observed in horses has been compiled over 35 years of equine behavior research and clinical consulting to medical and surgical services at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine’s equine hospital. This research and clinical work included systematic evaluation of thousands of hours of video-recordings, including many hundreds of normal, healthy horses, as well as hospitalized patients with various complaints and/or known medical, neurologic, or orthopedic conditions. Each of 73 ethogram entries is named, defined, and accompanied by a line drawing illustration. Links to online video recorded examples are provided, illustrating each behavior in one or more hospitalized equine patients. This ethogram, unambiguously describing equine discomfort behaviors, should advance welfare of horses by improving recognition of physical discomfort, whether for pain management of hospitalized horses or in routine husbandry.

Production of New and Revised A.A.V.S.O. Charts

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Clinton B. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Variable Star ◽  
Standard Form ◽  
Original Data ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Standard Format ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Gift ◽  
The University

A “new charts program” for the Americal Association of Variable Star Observers was instigated in 1966 via the gift to the Association of the complete variable star observing records, charts, photographs, etc. of the late Prof. Charles P. Olivier of the University of Pennsylvania (USA). Adequate material covering about 60 variables, not previously charted by the AAVSO, was included in this original data, and was suitably charted in reproducible standard format.Since 1966, much additional information has been assembled from other sources, three Catalogs have been issued which list the new or revised charts produced, and which specify how copies of same may be obtained. The latest such Catalog is dated June 1978, and lists 670 different charts covering a total of 611 variables none of which was charted in reproducible standard form previous to 1966.

scholarly journals Mass drug administration campaigns for scabies and impetigo: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e001132
Author(s):  
Pousali Ghosh ◽  
Wubshet Tesfaye ◽  
Avilasha Manandhar ◽  
Thomas Calma ◽  
Mary Bushell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Clear Understanding

IntroductionScabies is recognised as a neglected tropical disease, disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable populations around the world. Impetigo often occurs secondarily to scabies. Several studies have explored mass drug administration (MDA) programmes, with some showing positive outcomes—but a systematic evaluation of such studies is yet to be reported. The main aim of this systematic review is to generate comprehensive evidence on the effect and feasibility of MDA programmes in reducing the burden of scabies and impetigo.Methods and analysisA systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement. Electronic databases to be searched will include CINAHL EBSCOhost, Medline Ovid, ProQuest, Science Direct, PubMed and SCOPUS. In addition, grey literature will be explored via the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, Informit, OaIster database and WHO. No language restrictions will be applied. All treatment studies following an MDA protocol, including randomised/quasi-controlled trials, and prospective before–after interventional studies, will be considered. The main outcome is the change in prevalence of scabies and impetigo The Cochrane collaboration risk of bias assessment tool will be used for assessing the methodological quality of studies. A random-effect restricted maximum likelihood meta-analysis will be performed to generate pooled effect (OR) using STATA V.16. Appropriate statistical tests will be carried out to quantify heterogeneity between studies and publication bias.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required since data will be extracted from published works. The findings will be communicated to the scientific community through a peer-reviewed journal publication. This systematic review will present an evidence on the effect of MDA interventions on scabies and impetigo, which is instrumental to obtain a clear understanding of the treatments widely used in these programmes.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020169544,

scholarly journals Challenges and solutions to returning to clinical training after research: a multidisciplinary survey of integrated academic trainees in West Yorkshire, United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Downey ◽  
J. Bentley ◽  
H. Pandit
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Clinical Supervisors ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Time Out ◽  
Rapid Transition ◽  
The University

Abstract Background Time out of clinical training can impact medical trainees’ skills, competence and confidence. Periods of Out of Programme for Research (OOPR) are often much longer than other approved mechanisms for time of out training. The aim of this survey study was to explore the challenges of returning to clinical training following OOPR, and determine potential solutions. Methods All current integrated academic training (IAT) doctors at the University of Leeds (United Kingdom) and previous IAT trainees undertaking OOPR in the local region (West Yorkshire, United Kingdom)(n = 53) were invited to complete a multidisciplinary survey. Results The survey was completed by 33 participants (62% response rate). The most relevant challenges identified were completing the thesis whilst transitioning back to clinical work, the rapid transition between full-time research and clinical practice, a diminished confidence in clinical abilities and isolation from colleagues. Potential solutions included dedicated funds allocated for the renewal of lapsed skills, adequate notice of the clinical rotation to which trainees return, informing clinical supervisors about the OOPR trainee returning to practice and a mandatory return to standard clinical days. Conclusions Addressing these issues has the potential to improve the trainee experience and encourage future trainees to take time out of training for research activities.

Drug Alert Experience and Salience during Medical Residency at Two Healthcare Institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 355-361
Author(s):  
Kinjal Gadhiya ◽  
Edgar Zamora ◽  
Salim M. Saiyed ◽  
David Friedlander ◽  
David C. Kaelber
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Residency Training ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Internal Medicine Resident ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Medicine Resident ◽  
Internal Medicine Residents ◽  
The University

Abstract Background Drug alerts are clinical decision support tools intended to prevent medication misadministration. In teaching hospitals, residents encounter the majority of the drug alerts while learning under variable workloads and responsibilities that may have an impact on drug-alert response rates. Objectives This study was aimed to explore drug-alert experience and salience among postgraduate year 1 (PGY-1), postgraduate year 2 (PGY-2), and postgraduate year 3 (PGY-3) internal medicine resident physicians at two different institutions. Methods Drug-alert information was queried from the electronic health record (EHR) for 47 internal medicine residents at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center (UPMC) Pinnacle in Pennsylvania, and 79 internal medicine residents at the MetroHealth System (MHS) in Ohio from December 2018 through February 2019. Salience was defined as the percentage of drug alerts resulting in removal or modification of the triggering order. Comparisons were made across institutions, residency training year, and alert burden. Results A total of 126 residents were exposed to 52,624 alerts over a 3-month period. UPMC Pinnacle had 15,574 alerts with 47 residents and MHS had 37,050 alerts with 79 residents. At MHS, salience was 8.6% which was lower than UPMC Pinnacle with 15%. The relatively lower salience (42% lower) at MHS corresponded to a greater number of alerts-per-resident (41% higher) compared with UPMC Pinnacle. Overall, salience was 11.6% for PGY-1, 10.5% for PGY-2, and 8.9% for PGY-3 residents. Conclusion Our results are suggestive of long-term drug-alert desensitization during progressive residency training. A higher number of alerts-per-resident correlating with a lower salience suggests alert fatigue; however, other factors should also be considered including differences in workload and culture.

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