scholarly journals Effects of Food Changes on Intestinal Bacterial Diversity of Wintering Hooded Cranes (Grus monacha)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Nazhong Zhang ◽  
Lizhi Zhou ◽  
Zhuqing Yang ◽  
Jingjing Gu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Hooded Crane ◽  
Waterbird Species ◽  
Grus Monacha

As food is recognised as an important factor affecting the intestinal microbiota, seasonal changes in diet can influence the community composition. The hooded crane (Grus monacha) is an endangered migratory waterbird species, with some of the population wintering in the sallow lakes in the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain. Their food resources have changed seasonally, with a reduction resulting from wetland degradation. To cope with seasonal changes in food availability, hooded cranes must constantly adjust their foraging strategies to survive. We studied the effect of changes in diet on the intestinal bacterial diversity of hooded cranes at Shengjin Lake, using faecal microanalysis and high-throughput sequencing. The results show that the main foods of hooded cranes were Polygonum criopolitanum, Oryza sativa, and Carex spp., which were significantly related to the composition of the intestinal bacterial community. In addition, foods available from the similar habitats were more similar, and the corresponding hooded crane intestinal bacteria were also more similar. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus acidipiscis in January and March was significantly higher than in November. Our research shows that the intestinal bacteria of hooded cranes actively adapt to diet changes to overcome the negative impact of the reduction in food resources, which is vital to the survival of hooded cranes.

scholarly journals DNA metabarcoding reveals the dietary composition in the endangered black-faced spoonbill

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Yu Huang ◽  
Emily Shui Kei Poon ◽  
Anson Tsz Chun Wong ◽  
Ivy Wai Yan So ◽  
Yik-Hei Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variations ◽  
Waterbird Species ◽  
Intraspecific Variations ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
Wetland Complex ◽  
Natural Wetlands ◽  
Migratory Waterbirds

AbstractExtensive loss of natural wetlands caused by changes in land use largely diminishes the food resources essential for the survival of migratory waterbirds. Globally, the decline in waterbird populations in East Asia is the most serious, with 64% of these populations showing a decreasing trend. In this study, we applied DNA metabarcoding to examine the spatiotemporal variations and diversities in the dietary compositions of migratory waterbirds in a natural/artificial wetland complex in Asia. By investigating 110 fecal samples from the endangered black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) wintering in the wetland, our results show that P. minor had a broad dietary spectrum. The birds fed on at least 26 species in the classes Actinopterygii and Malacostraca, with Mugiliformes, Cichliformes, and Gobiiformes being the main taxa in their diets. Our results also demonstrated clear patterns of the spatiotemporal variations between the roosting groups and intraspecific variations between the individuals, which potentially reflect some of their feeding habits, and the probable usage of different habitat types in the wetland complex. Using high-throughput sequencing, we were able to elucidate the food resources that are critical to P. minor non-invasively, this method can also be used to provide invaluable information for the conservation of many other waterbird species.

scholarly journals Flexible Foraging Response of Wintering Hooded Cranes (Grus monacha) to Food Availability in the Lakes of the Yangtze River Floodplain, China

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Wei ◽  
Meng Zheng ◽  
Lizhi Zhou ◽  
Wenbin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Food Abundance ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Foraging Success ◽  
Habitat Differences ◽  
Grus Monacha ◽  
Foraging Time

Wetlands are disappearing or degrading at an unprecedented rate due to the increase in human encroachment and disturbance, eventually leading to habitat loss for waterbirds, which is the primary cause of the decline in the Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) population. The Hooded Cranes have to constantly adjust their foraging strategies to survive to cope with this situation. In order to study how cranes respond to food resources in mosaic habitat, we surveyed a total of 420 food quadrats and 736 behavioral samples from three habitats during three wintering periods in Shengjin Lake and Caizi Lake. We measured temporal and between-habitat differences in foraging time budget, foraging frequency, and foraging success rate. Akaike’s information criterion was selected between the models of food abundance and availability. The results indicated that the wintering cranes spent the majority of their time (66.55%) foraging and shifted their foraging behaviors based upon food abundance and availability in different habitats. Our analyses also indicated that cranes were willing to forage more food with poor sediment penetrability in sub-optimal habitats. Foraging time budget was based on the food depth, and the foraging frequency and foraging success rate were based on food abundance. Cranes adopted flexible foraging strategies in response to the alternative food resources in mosaic wetland habitats, as it could mitigate the negative impacts of habitat loss and facilitate survival.

scholarly journals Variations in gut bacterial communities of hooded crane (Grus monacha) over spatial-temporal scales

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanqiu Dong ◽  
Xingjia Xiang ◽  
Guanghong Zhao ◽  
Yunwei Song ◽  
Lizhi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Gut Microbe ◽  
Host Life ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Gut Microbial Community ◽  
Grus Monacha

BackgroundMicrobes have been recognized as important symbionts to regulate host life. The animal gut harbors abundance and diverse bacteria. Numerous internal and external factors influence intestinal bacterial communities, including diet, seasonal fluctuations and habitat sites. However, the factors that influence the gut bacterial communities of wild bird is poorly characterized.MethodsBy high-throughput sequencing and statistical analysis, we investigated the variations in gut bacterial communities of the hooded cranes at three wintering stages in Caizi (CZL) and Shengjin Lake (SJL), which are two shallow lakes in the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain.ResultsOur results revealed significant differences in gut bacterial community structure and diversity among different sampling sites and wintering stages. Seasonal changes have a significant impact on the gut microbe composition of hooded cranes in the two lakes. ANOSIM analysis demonstrated that the samples in CZL had greater differences in the gut bacterial composition than that in SJL. Our data showed strong evidence that the host’s gut filtering might be an important factor in shaping bacterial community according to mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD). The PICRUSt analysis showed that the predicted metagenomes associated with the gut microbiome were carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism over the entire wintering period at the two lakes.ConclusionsThe results demonstrated that both seasonal changes and habitat sites have significant impact on the gut bacterial communities of hooded cranes. In addition, predictive function of gut microbes in hooded cranes varied over time. These results provide new insights into the gut microbial community of the cranes, which serves as a foundation for future studies.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variations in the Gut Fungal Communities of Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) at Wintering and Stopover Sites in China

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 941
Author(s):  
Nazia Mahtab ◽  
Lizhi Zhou ◽  
Fengling Zhang ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Stopover Sites ◽  
Hooded Crane ◽  
Grus Monacha

The “gut fungal microbiome” maintains the immune system, homeostasis, and various physiological functions of an organism. Different factors shape and affect gut fungal diversity and community composition, such as environment, habitat type, food resources, and seasons during migration. Wild birds amid migration are exposed to different habitats with different environments, available food resources, and seasons, which may substantially impact their gut fungal community composition and diversity. The hooded crane (Grus monacha) is a known migratory bird that migrates over long distances and is exposed to varied habitats with different environments and food types. We investigated the differences in gut fungal diversity and community composition between wintering and stopover sites amid three migratory seasons. We deduced the gut fungal pathogenic diversity and community composition during winter, fall, and spring by using high throughput sequencing (Illumina Mi-seq), and the internal transcribed region 2 (ITS2) was examined. Samples were collected from Shengjin Lake in the winter and Lindian during the fall and spring. The dominant fungal phyla found across the three seasons were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, and Rozellomycota. The gut fungal alpha diversity showed significant shifts during winter at the wintering site compared with the fall and spring seasons at the stopover site. The fungal community composition exhibited a significant change across the three seasons (ANOSIM p = 0.001). The results also demonstrated that the diversity and relative abundance of potential pathogens also showed divergence in winter compared to fall and spring. This study provides the basis for understanding the discrepancy in gut fungal diversity and community composition during migratory seasons at both wintering and stopover grounds. It also suggests that conservation measures should be applied to the conservation of hooded cranes and other wild birds, as the risk of cross-infection increases during seasonal migration.

scholarly journals An exploration of the relationship between recruitment communication and foraging in stingless bees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robbie I’Anson Price ◽  
Francisca Segers ◽  
Amelia Berger ◽  
Fabio S Nascimento ◽  
Christoph Grüter
Keyword(s):  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Recruitment Communication ◽  
Eusocial Bees ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Social information is widely used in the animal kingdom and can be highly adaptive. In social insects, foragers can use social information to find food, avoid danger or choose a new nest site. Copying others allows individuals to obtain information without having to sample the environment. When foragers communicate information they will often only advertise high quality food sources, thereby filtering out less adaptive information. Stingless bees, a large pantropical group of highly eusocial bees, face intense inter- and intra-specific competition for limited resources, yet display disparate foraging strategies. Within the same environment there are species that communicate the location of food resources to nest-mates and species that do not. Our current understanding of why some species communicate foraging sites while others do not is limited. Studying freely foraging colonies of several co-existing stingless bee species in Brazil, we investigated if recruitment to specific food locations is linked to (1) the sugar content of forage, (2) the duration of foraging trips and (3) the variation in activity of a colony from one day to another and the variation in activity in a species over a day. We found that, contrary to our expectations, species with recruitment communication did not return with higher quality forage than species that do not recruit nestmates. Furthermore, foragers from recruiting species did not have shorter foraging trip durations than those from weakly-recruiting species. Given the intense inter- and intraspecific competition for resources in these environments, it may be that recruiting species favour food resources that can be monopolised by the colony rather than food sources that offer high-quality rewards.

scholarly journals Effects of Simulated Nitrogen Deposition on the Bacterial Community of Urban Green Spaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
Lingzi Mo ◽  
Augusto Zanella ◽  
Xiaohua Chen ◽  
Bin Peng ◽  
Jiahui Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Soil Bacterial Community ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Soil Dna ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Continuing nitrogen (N) deposition has a wide-ranging impact on terrestrial ecosystems. To test the hypothesis that, under N deposition, bacterial communities could suffer a negative impact, and in a relatively short timeframe, an experiment was carried out for a year in an urban area featuring a cover of Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) and simulating environmental N deposition. NH4NO3 was added as external N source, with four dosages (N0 = 0 kg N ha−2 y−1, N1 = 50 kg N ha−2 y−1, N2 = 100 kg N ha−2 y−1, N3 = 150 kg N ha−2 y−1). We analyzed the bacterial community composition after soil DNA extraction through the pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene amplicons. N deposition resulted in soil bacterial community changes at a clear dosage-dependent rate. Soil bacterial diversity and evenness showed a clear trend of time-dependent decline under repeated N application. Ammonium nitrogen enrichment, either directly or in relation to pH decrease, resulted in the main environmental factor related to the shift of taxa proportions within the urban green space soil bacterial community and qualified as a putative important driver of bacterial diversity abatement. Such an impact on soil life induced by N deposition may pose a serious threat to urban soil ecosystem stability and surrounding areas.

scholarly journals Characterization of oral bacterial diversity of irradiated patients by high-throughput sequencing

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-Jian Hu ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Yun-Tao Jiang ◽  
Rui Ma ◽  
Wen-Wei Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing

scholarly journals Evaluation of bacterial diversity during fermentation process: a comparison between handmade and machine-made high-temperature Daqu of Maotai-flavor liquor

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiancheng Zuo ◽  
Yongguang Huang ◽  
MinGuo
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Functional Bacteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fermentation Technology ◽  
Molding Methods

Abstract Purpose High-temperature Daqu is a traditional fermentation starter that is used for Chinese Maotai-flavor Baijiu production. Although the bacteria in high-temperature Daqu are known to be responsible for developing the quality and flavor of Baijiu during the fermentation process, there is little information on the properties of the bacteria during the fermentation of high-temperature Daqu, especially machine-made high-temperature Daqu. This has limited the development of the Maotai-flavor Baijiu industry, particularly with regard to the mechanized production of Maotai-flavor Baijiu. Methods Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing was applied to study bacterial compositions during the fermentation of handmade and machine-made high temperatures. Results The results show that bacterial diversity in machine-made Daqu was similar but higher than that in handmade Daqu at the end of fermentation, and there was no significant difference between the methods with regard to the dominant genera and their dynamic changes during fermentation. Rhizobium, Bacillus, Thermoactinomyces, Weissella, Lactobacillus, and Saccharopolyspora were the dominant genera during the fermentation of both Daqus, although the relative abundance of these dominant genera differed between the two methods. Interestingly, the machine-made Daqu contained a higher relative abundance of Bacillus than handmade Daqu at all fermentation times. Bacillus is the most important functional bacteria in the fermentation of Maotai-flavor Baijiu, suggesting that mechanical-molding methods could be applied to industrial Maotai-flavor Daqu production. Conclusion These results suggest that mechanical-molding methods could be applied to industrial Maotai-flavor Daqu production, which could be helpful for industrial Maotai-flavor Baijiu production and the development of fermentation technology.

scholarly journals Assessment of endophytic bacterial diversity in rose by high-throughput sequencing analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e0230924
Author(s):  
Ao-Nan Xia ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Da-Cheng Kang ◽  
Hai-Guang Zhang ◽  
Ru-Hua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Analysis
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