scholarly journals Lactation Associated Genes Revealed in Holstein Dairy Cows by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Yongliang Fan ◽  
Abdelaziz Adam Idriss Arbab ◽  
Huimin Zhang ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Mudasir Nazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) is a novel approach that can quickly analyze the relationships between genes and traits. In this study, the milk yield, lactose, fat, and protein of Holstein dairy cows were detected in a lactation cycle. Meanwhile, a total of 18 gene expression profiles were detected using mammary glands from six lactation stages (day 7 to calving, −7 d; day 30 post-calving, 30 d; day 90 post-calving, 90 d; day 180 post-calving, 180 d; day 270 post-calving, 270 d; day 315 post-calving, 315 d). On the basis of the 18 profiles, WGCNA identified for the first time 10 significant modules that may be related to lactation stage, milk yield, and the main milk composition content. Genes in the 10 significant modules were examined with gene ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. The results revealed that the galactose metabolism pathway was a potential candidate for milk yield and milk lactose synthesis. In −7 d, ion transportation was more frequent and cell proliferation related terms became active. In late lactation, the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) might play a role in apoptosis. The sphingolipid signaling pathway was a potential candidate for milk fat synthesis. Dairy cows at 315 d were in a period of cell proliferation. Another notable phenomenon was that nonlactating dairy cows had a more regular circadian rhythm after a cycle of lactation. The results provide an important theoretical basis for the further molecular breeding of dairy cows.

scholarly journals Characterization of Short-Term Heat Stress in Holstein Dairy Cows Using Altered Indicators of Metabolomics, Blood Parameters, Milk MicroRNA-216 and Characteristics

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Jang-Hoon Jo ◽  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Dong-Qiao Peng ◽  
Hye-Ran Kim ◽  
Sang-Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aims to characterize the influence of short-term heat stress (HS; 4 day) in early lactating Holstein dairy cows, in terms of triggering blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and composition, and milk microRNA expression. Eight cows (milk yield = 30 ± 1.5 kg/day, parity = 1.09 ± 0.05) were homogeneously housed in environmentally controlled chambers, assigned into two groups with respect to the temperature humidity index (THI) at two distinct levels: approximately ~71 (low-temperature, low-humidity; LTLH) and ~86 (high-temperature, high-humidity; HTHH). Average feed intake (FI) dropped about 10 kg in the HTHH group, compared with the LTLH group (p = 0.001), whereas water intake was only numerically higher (p = 0.183) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Physiological parameters, including rectal temperature (p = 0.001) and heart rate (p = 0.038), were significantly higher in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Plasma cortisol and haptoglobin were higher (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group, compared to the LTLH group. Milk yield, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), and energy-corrected milk (ECM) were lower (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Higher relative expression of milk miRNA-216 was observed in the HTHH group (p < 0.05). Valine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, lactic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol, myo-inositol, and urea were decreased (p < 0.05). These results suggest that early lactating cows are more vulnerable to short-term (4 day) high THI levels—that is, HTHH conditions—compared with LTLH, considering the enormous negative effects observed in measured blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and compositions, and milk miRNA-216 expression.

scholarly journals Milkability evaluation of Holstein dairy cows by Lactocorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Strapák ◽  
Peter Antalík ◽  
Iveta Szencziová
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Milkability evaluation of Holstein dairy cows by LactocorderThe aim of this work was to evaluate chosen milk flow characteristics of Holstein dairy cows, using mobile electronic milk flow meters - Lactocorders. A total of 181 Holstein dairy cows were evaluated and divided according to parity, lactation stage and bimodality in order to carry out a detailed comparison of measured milkability traits. The average total milk yield was 11.98±3.41 kg per milking with an average milk flow rate of 2.52±0.75 kg min-1 and a maximum milk flow rate of 3.94±1.30 kg min-1. The total milk yield showed positive correlations with the average milk flow rate (r = 0.48; P<0.001) and also with the maximum milk flow rate (r = 0.32; P<0.001). More than 47% of milk flow curves were classified as bimodal. Bimodality was positively correlated with the duration of the incline phase (r = 0.73; P<0.001) and negatively correlated with the quantity of milk obtained during the first minute of milking (r = -0.34; P<0.001). In relation to the lactation stage - the highest average milk flow rate was reached by Holstein dairy cows at the beginning of the lactation (up to 100 days in milk), and in relation to parity - the highest milk flow rates were measured in second-lactation dairy cows.

scholarly journals Effects of herd, season and days in milk on milk urea nitrogen of crossbred dairy cows in Sylhet

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-292
Author(s):  
Nusrat Zahan Shoshe ◽  
Md Abdul Baset ◽  
Md Tariqul Islam ◽  
Shiekh MA Matin ◽  
Md Abdullah Al Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Milk Urea Nitrogen

The study included 724 crossbred cows (Local × Holstein Friesian) from 9 dairy farms of Sylhet district from July 2013 to June 2014 to determine the effect of herd, season, and days in milk in milk urea nitrogen and the effect of milk production and composition on milk urea nitrogen. According to the season, milk samples were divided into two groups: wet season (June - October) and dry season (November - February). Days in milk (DIM) were grouped into two lactation stages: Lactation 1 (?100 days in milk) and Lactation 2 (?100 days in milk). Milk urea nitrogen was grouped into five categories by increments of 5 mg/dl, started with those less than 10 mg/dl and finishing with concentration greater than 25 mg/dl. The daily milk yield was 6.78 kg ranged from 2.00 to 18.00 kg. The mean of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) concentration was 14.58 mg/dl. Mean values for milk fat and protein contents were 3.74 % and 3.72 %. Among the 9 herds, the highest content of milk urea (MU) was 16.37 mg/dl which was found in herd 2 and the second highest estimation of MU content were in herd 1, 3, 6 and 9 (15.58, 15.51, 15.12 and 14.45 mg/dl, respectively). In the district of Sylhet, the lowest MU content was estimated in herd 4, 5, 7 and 8 (13.59, 13.48, 13.16 and 13.60 mg/dl, respectively). Difference of MUN concentration was not significant between the dry and wet season. The MUN concentrations were 14.82 mg/dl and 14.90 mg/dl in dry and wet season respectively. The concentration of MUN in Lactation 1 was 13.61 mg/dl and in Lactation 2 was 16.26 mg/dl. Milk fat (%) were 3.56, 3.77, 3.64, 4.15 and 3.66 when MUN concentration were ?10.00, 10.01- 15.00, 15.01-20.00, 20.01-25.00 and ?24.01 mg/dl respectively. Daily milk yield did not increase with the increase of MUN concentration. Milk yield were 6.37, 7.21, 6.23, 7.31 and 7.00 Kg/d while MUN concentration were ?10.00, 10.01-15.00, 15.01-20.00, 20.01-25.00 and ?25.01 mg/dl. It may be concluded that herd category and lactation stage influence the milk urea nitrogen concentration of crossbred dairy cows in the Sylhet district.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(2): 287-292, August 2015

Effects of Lactation Stage and Milk Yield on Reproductive Performance in Holstein Dairy Cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Kwang-Soo Baek ◽  
◽  
Jun-Kyu Son ◽  
Hyun-Joo Lim ◽  
Ho-Beak Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Effects of feeding peas to high-producing dairy cows

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Corbett ◽  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
E. K. Okine
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Nutrient Analyses ◽  
Protein Milk

The effect of substituting peas for soybean and canola meals as a protein source in a high-producing dairy herd was studied in 66 Holstein cows, divided into two groups based on stage of lactation, parity, level of milk production and days in milk. Two 18.5% crude protein grain concentrate diets were formulated based on the nutrient analyses of the forages available. The control grain mix contained standard protein sources, principally soybean and canola meal (SBM\CM) while the test grain mix was formulated to contain approximately 25% field peas as the major source of protein. Both grain rations were formulated to the same nutrient specifications and balanced for undegradable protein. The duration of the trial was 6 mo during which grain feeding levels were adjusted monthly based on milk yield. For cows in early lactation, 4% fat-corrected milk yield was higher (P < 0.05) for cows fed pea based concentrates (31.3 kg d−1) than for cows fed SBM\CM supplement (29.7 kg d−1). Fat-corrected milk yield was not affected by source of protein in mid- and late-lactation cows. Fat-corrected milk production was not different (P > 0.05) for cows fed SBM\CM compared with cows fed the pea supplement when cows across all stages of lactation were included in the analyses. Milk fat percent was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for early- and mid-lactation cows fed the pea supplement. The results suggest that peas can be substituted for SBM\CM as a protein source for high-producing dairy cows. Key words: Dairy cow, pea, soybean and canola meal supplement, undegradable protein, milk production

Effects of protected vegetable fats on rumen metabolism and productivity dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
A. V. Golovin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Rumen Metabolism ◽  
Economic Experiment ◽  
Feed Costs

In a scientific economic experiment conducted in the experimental farm «Klenovo-Chegodaevo» (Moscow) on three groups of Holsteinized black-and-white cows with a milk yield of 7000 kg of milk per lactation, 10 heads in each, it was found that the inclusion in the diet of cows of the experimental groups tested protected fats (hydrogenated and fractionated) in the amount of 300 g per head per day, contributed to the tendency for more intensive metabolic processes in the rumen due to a slight increase in the concentration of volatile fatty acids by 5,6–7,4% and an increase in the mass of microorganisms in the contents of the rumen by 5,4–14,4% (P≥0,05). At the same time, an increase in the concentration of metabolic energy in the dry matter of the cows ration from 10,7 to 11,0 MJ / kg in the period from 21 to 120 days of lactation, due to the inclusion of protected fats in the diet of cows from the experimental groups, contributed to an increase in milk yield 4% fat content for 100 days of the experiment by 9,7% and 11,0% (P≤0,05), compared with the control, as well as the production of milk fat and protein, respectively by 9,6–11,0% (P≤0,05 in the second case) and 7,4–8,3%, feed costs expressed in ME decreased by 4,9–5,2%.

The effects on milk yield and composition of incorporating lactose into the diet of dairy cows given protected fat

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Garnsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Fat Supplementation ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Group A

AbstractTwenty-eight Holstein/Friesian dairy cows were divided into four groups of seven. From weeks 4 to 15 of lactation they were given a basal diet consisting of 8 kg hay, 2 kg sugar-beet feed and 2 kg grass nuts, together with a concentrate allowance of 8 kg/day. Concentrates for group A were based on cereals and soya (control). Concentrate B contained 60 g protected fat supplement per kg; concentrate C contained 100 g lactose per kg; concentrate D contained 60 g fat supplement and 100 g lactose per kg. Milk yields were 24·6, 27·7, 25·6 and 26·5 kg/day and milk protein concentrations were 32·3, 30·7, 32·7 and 31·9 g/kg for groups A, B, C and D respectively. The effect of fat supplementation on milk yield and protein concentration was significant (P < 0·05) but the effect of lactose was not significant. Milk fat concentration was not significantly affected by treatment. It is concluded that lactose can partially alleviate the depression in milk protein concentration often observed when cows are given protected fat.

scholarly journals DAY-TO-DAY VARIATIONS IN FAT PERCENT OF COW'S MILK

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 731-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL ◽  
J. D. ERFLE
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Large day-to-day variations in milk fat, particularly for the morning milkings, were observed in 36 Holstein cows. Changes in percent fat were gradual and produced wavelike patterns in a number of instances. Supplemental feeding of long hay had no effect on acetate/propionate ratio in rumen fluid, daily milk yield or weighted milk fat percentage. Key words: Dairy cows, milk, fat depression, hay

scholarly journals Effects of dietary betaine on milk yield and milk composition of mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 6557-6562 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Peterson ◽  
P. Rezamand ◽  
J.E. Williams ◽  
W. Price ◽  
M. Chahine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows
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