scholarly journals Free and Microencapsulated Essential Oils Incubated In Vitro: Ruminal Stability and Fermentation Parameters

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Nida Amin ◽  
Franco Tagliapietra ◽  
Sheyla Arango ◽  
Nadia Guzzo ◽  
Lucia Bailoni
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
High Degree

Essential oils (EOs) are generally considered as an alternative to antibiotics because of their antimicrobial properties. Despite their vast variety, their volatile nature poses hindrance on their use in animal feeds, which demands a high degree of stability. This study aimed at testing the susceptibility of three EOs (mixtures of EOs based on cinnamaldehyde, named Olistat-Cyn, Olistat-G, and Olistat-P) in two forms (free: fEOs; and microencapsulated: mEOs) to in vitro ruminal degradation using the Ankom DaisyII technique. The microencapsulation was made using a matrix based on vegetable hydrogenated fatty acids. Compared to the fEOs, which were completely degraded within 48 h of in vitro incubation, the mEOs showed a low ruminal disappearance. In comparison to the fermentation profile at 0 h, Olistat-G significantly decreased the pH and the total protozoa number after 48 h, while the total VFAs increased. However, the other EOs (Olistat-Cyn and Olistat-P) had no effect on the rumen fermentation parameters. In conclusion, the protection of EOs from ruminal degradation by microencapsulation was found to be very effective to ensure rumen by-pass. Among the EOs, Olistat-G was capable of changing rumen fermentation, potentially reducing methane emissions.

scholarly journals Nanovesicles Loaded with Origanum onites and Satureja thymbra Essential Oils and Their Activity against Food-Borne Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2124
Author(s):  
Giulia Vanti ◽  
Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou ◽  
Dejan Stojković ◽  
Ana Ćirić ◽  
Anna Rita Bilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Food Borne Pathogens ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Spoilage Microorganisms ◽  
Satureja Thymbra ◽  
Origanum Onites

Food poisoning is a common cause of illness and death in developing countries. Essential oils (EOs) could be effective and safe natural preservatives to prevent and control bacterial contamination of foods. However, their high sensitivity and strong flavor limit their application and biological effectiveness. The aim of this study was firstly the chemical analysis and the antimicrobial evaluation of the EOs of Origanum onites L. and Satureja thymbra L. obtained from Symi island (Greece), and, secondly, the formulation of propylene glycol-nanovesicles loaded with these EOs to improve their antimicrobial properties. The EOs were analyzed by GC-MS and their chemical contents are presented herein. Different nanovesicles were formulated with small average sizes, high homogeneity, and optimal ζ-potential. Microscopic observation confirmed their small and spherical shape. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the formulated EOs were evaluated against food-borne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms compared to pure EOs. Propylene glycol-nanovesicles loaded with O. onites EO were found to be the most active formulation against all tested strains. Additionally, in vitro studies on the HaCaT cell line showed that nanovesicles encapsulated with EOs had no toxic effect. The present study revealed that both EOs can be used as alternative sanitizers and preservatives in the food industry, and that their formulation in nanovesicles can provide a suitable approach as food-grade delivery system.

67 Current Status and Future Prospective of the Use of Plant Bioactive Compounds in Dairy and Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
Sergio Calsamiglia ◽  
Maria Rodriguez-Prado ◽  
Gonzalo Fernandez-Turren ◽  
Lorena Castillejos
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the last 20 years there has been extensive in vitro research on the effects of plant extracts and essential oils on rumen microbial fermentation. The main objectives have been to improve energy metabolism through a reduction in methane emissions and an increase in propionate production; and to improve protein metabolism by reducing proteolysis and deamination. While the positive results from in vitro studies has stimulated the release of commercial products based on blends of essential oils, there is limited in vivo evidence on the rumen fermentation and production performance effects. A literature search was conducted to select in vivo studies where information on rumen fermentation and animal performance was reported. For dairy cattle, we identified 37 studies of which 21 were adequate to test production performance. Ten studies reported increases and 3 decreases in milk yield. For beef cattle, we identified 20 studies with rumen fermentation profile and 22 with performance data. Average daily gain improved in 7 and decreased in 1 study. Only 1 out of 16 studies reported an improvement in feed efficiency. Data indicate that out of more than 500 products tested in vitro, only around 20 have been tested in vivo in different mixtures and doses. The use of statistical approaches will allow to describe the conditions, doses and responses in dairy and beef cattle performance. The search for postruminal effects offers another alternative use. Evidence for effects on the intestinal and systemic effects on the immune system and antioxidant status (i.e., capsicum, garlic, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde curcuma, catechins, anethol or pinene), and in the modulation of metabolic regulation (capsicum, cinnamaldehyde, curcuma or garlic) may open the opportunity for future applications. However, stability of the product in the GI tract, description of the mechanisms of action and the impact of these changes on performance needs to be further demonstrated.

The In Vitro Sensitivities of 70 Strains of Shigella

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-707
Author(s):  
WILLIAM D. DONALD
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
High Degree ◽  
As Toxicity ◽  
Selection Of

In vitro sensitivities of 70 shigella strains isolated over a recent 18-month period are reported. The high degree of sulfadiazine resistance casts some doubt on the selection of this agent as the drug of choice in the treatment of shigellosis, at least in this community. Some of the other agents, although inhibiting the growth of the organisms in vitro, have disadvantages such as toxicity or failure of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Tetracycline resistance was found in only 7% of the organisms tested, but from this and other reports we may anticipate the occurrence of more organisms resistant to this agent. The results of the sensitivities to ampicillin are encouraging and further studies including clinical trials of this agent are in order.

scholarly journals Comparing the effect of different levels of zinc hydroxychloride with inorganic zinc sulfate on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 582-586
Author(s):  
Ravi Prakash Pal ◽  
Veena Mani ◽  
Srobana Sarkar ◽  
Shahid Hassan Mir ◽  
Amit Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

scholarly journals Effect of essential oils and aqueous extracts of plants on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Aarón A. Molho-Ortiz ◽  
Atmir Romero-Pérez ◽  
Efrén Ramírez-Bribiesca ◽  
Claudia C. Márquez-Mota ◽  
Francisco A. Castrejón-Pineda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

scholarly journals Effect of Encapsulating Nitrate in Sesame Gum on In vitro Rumen Fermentation Parameters

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1577-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiedza Isabel Mamvura ◽  
Sangbuem Cho ◽  
David Tinotenda Mbiriri ◽  
Hong-gu Lee ◽  
Nag-Jin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

scholarly journals Essential oils effect on rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation under in vitro conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 450-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gunal ◽  
A. Ishlak ◽  
A.A. AbuGhazaleh ◽  
W. Khattab
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Tea Tree

The effects of adding essential oils (EO) at different levels (125, 250, 500 mg/l) on rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation were examined in a rumen batch culture study. Treatments were: control without EO (CON), control with anise oil (ANO), cedar wood oil (CWO), cinnamon oil (CNO), eucalyptus oil (EUO), and tea tree oil (TEO). Essential oils, each dissolved in 1 ml of ethanol, were added to the culture flask containing 40 ml of buffer solution, 2 ml of reduction solution, 10 ml of rumen fluid, 25 mg of soybean oil, and 0.5 g of the diet. After 24 h of incubation in a water batch at 39°C, three samples were collected from each flask and analyzed for ammonia-N, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and fatty acids (FA). Expect for CNO, the proportions of acetate, propionate, and acetate to propionate ratios were not affected (P > 0.05) by EO addition. Addition of CWO, CNO, and TEO reduced total VFA concentrations (P < 0.05) regardless of dose level. The ammonia-N concentration was greater in cultures incubated with EO regardless of dose level. Compared with the CON, the concentrations of C18:0 and trans C18:1 were reduced (P < 0.05) with EO addition regardless of dose level. Compared with the CON, the concentration of linoleic acid was greater (P < 0.05) when EO were added at 500 mg/l. EO tested in this study had no effects on VFA profile but significantly reduced the formation of biohydrogenation products (C18:0 and trans C18:1).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document