scholarly journals Transabdominal Renal Doppler Ultrasound in Healthy Adult Holstein-Friesian Cows: A Pilot Study

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
J. Daniel Barreiro-Vázquez ◽  
Marta Miranda ◽  
Andrés Barreiro-Lois
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Doppler Evaluation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Renal Doppler ◽  
Friesian Cows

There is a notable lack of reference values for the renal resistive indices in the bovine kidney. Ultrasound (US) Doppler evaluation of these indices is a powerful, non-invasive technique for assessing, monitoring and diagnosing renal diseases in humans and other animals (e.g., small animals and horses). The aims of the present study were to establish a protocol for renal Doppler US in adult healthy Holstein-Friesian cows and to provide reference values for the renal resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI). In cattle, the right kidney is always visible through a right abdominal window. Nevertheless, the left kidney is rarely accessible by transabdominal ultrasound. Doppler evaluation of the kidneys via a transabdominal approach is possible when accessible, but measurements can only be made in the larger vessels at the renal hilum. Normal RI and PI values were respectively 0.49 ± 0.07 and 0.70 ± 0.15 for the right kidney and 0.53 ± 0.05 and 0.79 ± 0.11 for the left kidney. We suggest an upper cut-off value for the RI of 0.63 and for the PI of 1.00 in healthy Holstein-Friesian cows. This is the first report describing normal values for the renal RI and PI in cattle that may be useful in future studies for characterizing different bovine pathologies that affect the renal parenchyma.

scholarly journals Contribution of ocular B-mode and triplex Doppler in the evaluation of 10 Poodle dogs with cataracts

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A.R. Feliciano ◽  
M.A. Abrahim ◽  
R.V.R. Peixoto ◽  
K.L. Yasunaga ◽  
W.R.R. Vicente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Ophthalmic Artery ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Ocular Ultrasound ◽  
Doppler Evaluation ◽  
The Right

The findings of b-mode and especially triplex Doppler ocular ultrasound in the evaluation of 10 Poodle dogs with cataracts, which bring a contribution not yet reported in veterinary medicine, were reported. Ten Poodle dogs of varied ages and presenting cataracts were used. All animals were evaluated for ophthalmic and ultrasound examination. The ultrasound examination allowed the evaluation of the sonographic anatomy of the eye and measurement of the axial thickness of the lens (ATL). Using the Doppler mode, the blood flow of the ophthalmic artery and its vascular indexes, systolic velocity (SV), resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were measured. Values found for ATL were 5.89±1.05 for the right eye (OD) and 6.07±1.32 for the left eye (OS). Values found using Doppler evaluation were SV OD: 26.54±7.05 and SV OS: 29.21±11.18; PI OD: 1.89±0.61 and PI OS: 1.7±0.35; RI OD: 0.76±0.1 and RI OS: 0.72±0.09 (OS). It was concluded that triplex Doppler was important for the determination of vascular indexes of the ophthalmic artery, which can be used for monitoring animals with hemodynamic alterations of the eyes and monitoring the therapy of ocular diseases.

Duplex Doppler estimation of resistive index in arcuate arteries of sedated, normal female dogs: implications for use in the diagnosis of renal failure

1997 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Rivers ◽  
PA Walter ◽  
JG Letourneau ◽  
DE Finlay ◽  
ER Ritenour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Ketamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Duplex Doppler ◽  
Arcuate Artery ◽  
The Right

The resistive index (RI), an ultrasonographic method of evaluating intrarenal resistance to blood flow, may be used to aid in diagnosis of renal failure. Values for arcuate artery RI, expressed as mean +/- two standard deviations, were obtained in clinically normal female dogs sedated with atropine, acepromazine maleate, diazepam, and ketamine hydrochloride. No statistically significant differences were noted between the values for the right kidney (0.33 to 0.57) versus the left kidney (0.32 to 0.56); however, the values were statistically significantly lower than values reported for nonsedated, normal dogs.

scholarly journals Ultrasonography of Normal Adrenal Glands in Adult Holstein–Friesian Cows: A Pilot Study

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1171
Author(s):  
J. Daniel Barreiro-Vázquez ◽  
Andrés Barreiro-Lois ◽  
Marta Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Transabdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Left Adrenal Gland ◽  
Sagittal Section ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ultrasonographic Appearance ◽  
Apparent Influence ◽  
Friesian Cows

Ultrasonographic reference values for the adrenal glands of cattle have not been reported to date. Adrenal glands can be affected by different pathologies, such as hyperplasia, neoplasia and atrophy (either primary or secondary). The present findings indicate that the right adrenal gland can be easily characterized by transabdominal ultrasound in adult Holstein–Friesian cows, with no apparent influence of age or weight. The right adrenal gland (mean length 3.86 ± 1.39 cm; and mean thickness 1.39 ± 0.26 cm) was consistently and mainly located in the 12th intercostal space. The left adrenal gland was more difficult to locate due to its more medial position, and to the presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract, so it could not be visualized in most animals (18/25). Its mean length was 3.72 ± 0.95 cm, and mean thickness was 1.36 ± 0.33 cm, in the sagittal section. This is the first report of the ultrasonographic appearance of the adrenal glands of cows and of the corresponding reference preliminary values.

scholarly journals Relation between Renal Resistive Index and Serum Albumin in Nephrotic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (30) ◽  
pp. 2228-2232
Author(s):  
Pranoy Dey ◽  
Niku Hage
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin Level ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Renal Resistive Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Renal Doppler

BACKGROUND Renal resistive index (RRI) is a non-invasive marker of renal function, which can be measured by renal USG Doppler. High RI indicates poor prognosis, which has been associated with conditions such as proteinuria, hypertension, chronic kidney disease and renal failure. As nephrotic syndrome is characterised by significant proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia, which may progress to renal failure, it is important to see the correlation of RRI with serum albumin level. The purpose of this study was to assess the relation between renal resistive index and serum albumin in nephrotic syndrome. METHODS USG renal Doppler was done for all the children with nephrotic syndrome and RRI was calculated as [(peak - systolic velocity − end - diastolic velocity) / peak - systolic velocity]. Blood investigations were also done, from which serum albumin values were obtained. RRI was compared with mean serum albumin level. Statistical analysis of data was performed using the computer programme, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS for windows, version 21.01, Chicago, SPSS Inc.) and Microsoft excel 2010. Results on continuous measurement were presented as mean ± standard deviation and compared using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). RESULTS The mean serum albumin in the children with nephrotic syndrome in our study was 1.82 ± 0.32 gm / dl. The mean RI value was 0.66 ± 0.14 SD, 0.64 ± 0.15 SD and 0.66 ± 0.12 SD as well as 0.63 ± 0.12 SD, 0.67 ± 0.16 SD and 0.71 ± 0.13 SD on the right and left kidney respectively for each of upper, middle, and lower pole. P value of left kidney and right kidney was 0.0057 and 0.6409 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Lower the mean serum albumin level, higher the range of RRI. KEY WORDS Serum Albumin, Renal Resistive Index, Nephrotic Syndrome, USG Renal Doppler

scholarly journals Changes in Renal Resistive Index Values in Healthy Puppies during the First Months of Life

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalia Agut ◽  
Marta Soler ◽  
M. Josefa Fernández-del Palacio
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Renal Resistive Index ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
The Right

The purpose of this study is to establish renal resistive index (RRI) of normal kidneys in puppies aged from newborn to 20 weeks of age and to determine the age at which RRI reaches adult dog values. Six healthy adult intact beagles and six puppies from 1 day after birth to 20 weeks of age were used. In the adult dogs, the ultrasonographic scans were performed once, and in the puppies, the ultrasonographic studies were performed on the first day after birth and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks of age. RRI was obtained at the interlobular and arcuate arteries in each kidney. There were no statistical differences between the RRI values obtained between the right and left kidney nor between intrarenal arteries (interlobar and arcuate). The RRI was the highest during the first weeks of life, after which it declined gradually with increasing age reaching adult dog values at 12 weeks of age. In conclusion, the normal mean RRI is age dependent in dogs. Twelve weeks can be regarded as the age at which adult mean RRI criteria can be applied to puppies.

scholarly journals Surgical correction of pyelonephritis caused by multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in a dairy cow

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
E. Put ◽  
B. Valgaeren ◽  
B. Pardon ◽  
J. De Latthauwer ◽  
D. Valckenier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Right ◽  
Good Preparation ◽  
Chlorhexidine Solution ◽  
Care Period

A four-year-old red Holstein Friesian cow was admitted to the clinic with fever and milk drop. Blood analysis revealed the presence of a chronic infection, and the diagnosis of pyelonephritis of the right kidney was made after repeated ultrasound examinations. The animal was treated with procaine benzylpenicillin, sulfadoxine trimethoprim, oxytetracycline and enrofloxacine but this therapy was not successful. Nephrectomy was performed after the left kidney proved to have a normal function. The removed right kidney was greatly enlarged and filled with pus. Escherichia coli was isolated from the kidney. The strain was multidrug-resistant, including resistance to aminopenicillins, streptomycin, sulfonamides and trimethoprim. The cow was treated with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid after the operation. Postoperatively, an abscess developed and a tube drain was placed during a second surgery to enable daily rinsing with a chlorhexidine solution. After a postoperative care period of two months, the animal was sent back to the farm, where it returned to an acceptable level of milk production. This case demonstrates that with basic surgical skills, a good preparation and knowledge of anatomy, nephrectomy is attainable for a first-opinion veterinarian, with an acceptable economic prognosis for the farmer.

Comprehensive Quantification of the Right Ventricle: Pediatric Reference Values from 0 to 18 Years

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (S 02) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Horst ◽  
A. Karabiyik ◽  
H. Körperich ◽  
M. Fischer ◽  
E. Klusmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
The Right

STUDY OF RADIATION CHARACTERISTICS THE RENAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

2014 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Van Chuong Nguyen ◽  
Thi Kim Anh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Right

Background: A Research glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 61 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with renal scanning 99mTc-DTPA glomerular filtration rate at the hospital 175. Objective: (1) To study characteristics of imaging of renal function. (2) Understanding the relationship between GFR with blood sugar, HbA1c, blood pressure and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study. Clinical examination, Clinical tests and 99mTc-DTPA GFR gamma - camera renography for patients. Result: GFR of the study group was 75,4 ± 22,3 ml/phut/1,73m2, the left kidney was 35,0 ± 13,0 is lower than the right kidney and 39,8 ± 11,9; p <0,01. There is no correlation between GFR with blood glucose and HbA1c, the risk of reduced GFR in hypertensive group associated is OR = 6,5 with p<0,01; albuminuria (+) is OR = 4,2 with p <0,01; and disease duration > 10 years is OR = 3,5 with p <0.01. Conclusion: GFR of the left kidneys is lower than the right kidney; correlation decreased GFR associated with hypertension, albuminuria and disease duration. Keywords: GFR, diabetes, albuminuria

scholarly journals The Use of Artificial Neural Networks and a General Discriminant Analysis for Predicting Culling Reasons in Holstein-Friesian Cows Based on First-Lactation Performance Records

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Adamczyk ◽  
Wilhelm Grzesiak ◽  
Daniel Zaborski
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Multilayer Perceptrons ◽  
Correct Classification ◽  
Correct Classification Rate ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Friesian Cows

The aim of the present study was to verify whether artificial neural networks (ANN) may be an effective tool for predicting the culling reasons in cows based on routinely collected first-lactation records. Data on Holstein-Friesian cows culled in Poland between 2017 and 2018 were used in the present study. A general discriminant analysis (GDA) was applied as a reference method for ANN. Considering all predictive performance measures, ANN were the most effective in predicting the culling of cows due to old age (99.76–99.88% of correctly classified cases). In addition, a very high correct classification rate (99.24–99.98%) was obtained for culling the animals due to reproductive problems. It is significant because infertility is one of the conditions that are the most difficult to eliminate in dairy herds. The correct classification rate for individual culling reasons obtained with GDA (0.00–97.63%) was, in general, lower than that for multilayer perceptrons (MLP). The obtained results indicated that, in order to effectively predict the previously mentioned culling reasons, the following first-lactation parameters should be used: calving age, calving difficulty, and the characteristics of the lactation curve based on Wood’s model parameters.

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