scholarly journals Fat Encapsulation Reduces Diarrhea in Piglets Partially by Repairing the Intestinal Barrier and Improving Fatty Acid Transport

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Min Tian ◽  
Jiaming Chen ◽  
Zhihui Wu ◽  
Hanqing Song ◽  
Fei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Acid Transport ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding

(1) Background: Nutritional strategies to enhance gut function and reduce the piglet diarrhea rate are critical to increase the growth performance of piglets. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dietary fat types and/or fat microencapsulation techniques are involved in regulating the fatty acid transport system and the mechanical and immunological barriers of the small intestine. (2) Methods: Three hundred twenty-four weaning piglets were randomly divided into three groups fed a soybean oil diet (SBO, control group, 6.0% soybean oil), palm oil diet (PO, 6.0% palm oil), or encapsulated palm oil diet (EPO, 7.5% encapsulated palm oil). (3) Results: A significantly lower mRNA expression of the claudin was observed in the duodenum and jejunum of the PO group than in the SBO group (p < 0.05). However, the mRNA expression and protein abundance of claudin and ZO-1 in the jejunum of the EPO group were higher (p < 0.05) than in the PO group. Porcine β-defensin (pBD) secretion was not significantly different between the SBO and PO groups (p > 0.05), while the pBD-2 levels were significantly different (p < 0.05). Compared with the PO group, the EPO group exhibited a significantly increased secretion of pBD-2 and pBD-129 in the small intestine (p < 0.05) and pBD-1 in the jejunum and ileum (p < 0.05). The protein abundances of apolipoprotein AIV (Apo AIV) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) were significantly lower in the PO group than in the SBO group (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, the protein abundances of fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4), fatty acid translocase (CD36), and I-FABP were higher in the EPO group than in the PO group. Furthermore, the low digestibility of palm oil (PO group) might negatively regulate intestinal tight junctions, fatty acid transporters, lipoproteins, and β-defensin through the activation of the AMPK/mTORC1 and AMPK/Sirt1/NF-κB pathways. (4) Conclusions: In summary, microencapsulation techniques might alleviate the negative effects of palm oil and help to improve the intestinal fatty acid transport system and barrier function.

scholarly journals Increased placental fatty acid transporter 6 and binding protein 3 expression and fetal liver lipid accumulation in a mouse model of obesity in pregnancy

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (12) ◽  
pp. R1569-R1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Díaz ◽  
Jessica Harris ◽  
Fredrick J. Rosario ◽  
Theresa L. Powell ◽  
Thomas Jansson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Acid Transport ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Obesity In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Obesity in pregnancy is associated with increased fetal growth and adiposity, which, in part, is determined by transplacental nutrient supply. Trophoblast uptake and intracellular trafficking of lipids are dependent on placental fatty acid transport proteins (FATP), translocase (FAT/CD36), and fatty acid binding proteins (FABP). We hypothesized that maternal obesity in mice leads to increased placental expression of FAT/CD36, FATPs, and FABPs, and lipid accumulation in the fetal liver. C57/BL6J female mice were fed either a control (C; n = 10) or an obesogenic (OB; n = 10) high-fat, high-sugar diet before mating and throughout pregnancy. At E18.5, placentas and fetal livers were collected. Trophoblast plasma membranes (TPM) were isolated from placental homogenates. Expression of FAT/CD36 and FATP (TPM) and FABP (homogenates) was determined by immunoblotting. Gene expression was assessed by RT-quantitative PCR. Sections of fetal livers were stained for Oil Red O, and lipid droplets were quantified. TPM protein expression of FAT/CD36, FATP 2, and FATP 4 was comparable between C and OB groups. Conversely, TPM FATP 6 expression was increased by 35% in OB compared with C placentas without changes in mRNA expression. FABPs 1, 3–5 and PPARγ were expressed in homogenates, and FABP 3 expression increased 27% in OB compared with C placentas; however, no changes were observed in mRNA expression. Lipid droplet accumulation was 10-fold higher in the livers of fetuses from OB compared with C group. We propose that increased lipid transport capacity in obese mice promotes transplacental fatty acid transport and contributes to excess lipid accumulation in the fetal liver.

scholarly journals Supplementing calcium salts of soybean oil to beef steers early in life to enhance carcass development and quality1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 4182-4192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey M Schubach ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Alice P Brandão ◽  
Osvaldo A de Sousa ◽  
Thiago F Schumaher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Creep Feeding ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Ppar Γ

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of supplementing Ca salts of soybean oil (CSSO) to beef steers at 2 mo of age via creep-feeding, and/or during a 40-d preconditioning period on performance and carcass development responses. A total of 64 steers were enrolled in this study over 2 yr (32 steers per year), with 4 periods each year: creep-feeding (CF; day 0 to 60), preweaning (day 61 to weaning on day 124 and 127 of year 1 and 2, respectively), preconditioning (PC; day 132 to 172 in year 1 and day 135 to 175 of year 2), and feedlot (feedlot arrival to slaughter, day 173 to 378 in year 1 and day 176 to 385 in year 2). On day 0 steers were ranked by body weight (BW) and age (114 ± 4 kg of BW; 66.1 ± 0.9 d of age) and allocated to 1 of 16 pens. Pens were randomly assigned to receive CSSO during CF (80 g/d per steer) and/or PC (150 g/d per steer) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. During CF and PC, nonsupplemented steers (CON) were provided an isolipidic prilled saturated fat supplement. Steer BW was recorded on day 0, 60, at weaning, and prior to feedlot shipping. Carcass traits were recorded upon slaughter. On day 0, 60, at weaning, prior to feedlot shipping, and during the feedlot period, blood samples were collected and longissimus muscle (LM) biopsies were collected. On day 60, steers that received CSSO during CF had greater (P < 0.01) plasma concentrations of linoleic and ω-6 compared with CON (CF treatment × day; P ≤ 0.05). Steers that received CSSO during PC had greater (P < 0.01) plasma concentrations of linoleic, ω-6, and total fatty acids compared with CON at feedlot shipping (PC treatment × day; P ≤ 0.05). A PC treatment × day interaction was also detected (P = 0.04) for mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), which was greater (P = 0.04) at feedlot shipping for steers receiving CSSO during PC. Interactions between CF treatment × day were detected (P ≤ 0.01) for mRNA expression of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, fatty acid synthase, PPAR-γ, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase, which were greater (P ≤ 0.02) in the feedlot in steers receiving CSSO during CF. No treatment differences were detected for (P ≥ 0.18) performance or carcass traits, including marbling and backfat thickness. Results from this study suggest that supplementing CSSO to suckled beef steers via creep-feeding upregulated mRNA expression of the adipogenic genes investigated herein later in life. These outcomes, however, were not translated into improved carcass quality.

Stopped-flow kinetic analysis of long-chain fatty acid dissociation from bovine serum albumin

2002 ◽  
Vol 363 (3) ◽  
pp. 809-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erland J.F. DEMANT ◽  
Gary V. RICHIERI ◽  
Alan M. KLEINFELD
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Acid Dissociation ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Acid Transport ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Initial Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain

The kinetics of the interaction of long-chain fatty acids (referred to as fatty acids) with albumin is critical to understanding the role of albumin in fatty acid transport. In this study we have determined the kinetics of fatty acid dissociation from BSA and the BSA-related fatty acid probe BSA-HCA (BSA labelled with 7-hydroxycoumarin-4-acetic acid) by stopped-flow methods. Fatty acid—albumin complexes of a range of natural fatty acid types and albumin molecules (donors) were mixed with three fatty acid-binding acceptor proteins. Dissociation of fatty acids from the donor was monitored by either the time course of donor fluorescence/absorbance or the time course of acceptor fluorescence. The results of these measurements indicate that fatty acid dissociation from BSA as well as BSA-HCA is well described by a single exponential function over the entire range of fatty acid/albumin molar ratios used in these measurements, from 0.5:1 to 6:1. The observed rate constants (kobs) for the dissociation of each fatty acid type reveal little or no dependence on the initial fatty acid/albumin ratio. However, dissociation rates were dependent upon the type of fatty acid. In the case of native BSA with an initial fatty acid/BSA molar ratio of 3:1, the order of kobs values was stearic acid (1.5s−1)<oleic acid<palmitic acid≅linoleic acid<arachidonic acid (8s−1) at 37°C. The corresponding values for BSA-HCA were about half the values for BSA. The results of this study show that the rate of fatty acid dissociation from native BSA is more than 10-fold faster than reported previously and that the off-rate constants for the five primary fatty acid-binding sites differ by less than a factor of 2. We conclude that for reported rates of fatty acid transport across cell membranes, dissociation of fatty acids from the fatty acid—BSA complexes used in the transport studies should not be rate-limiting.

Fatty Acid Transporters (FABPpm, FAT, FATP) in Human Muscle

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arend Bonen ◽  
Dragana Miskovic ◽  
Bente Kiens
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Human Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Acid Transport ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Acid Binding Protein ◽  
First Time

Recently, a number of putative LCFA transporters have been identified: fatty acid binding protein (FABPpm), fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), and fatty acid transport protein (FATP). We have demonstrated, for the first time, that transcripts of all three putative LCFA transporters (FAT mRNA, FATP mRNA, and mAspAT/FABPpm mRNA) are present in human skeletal muscle. Key words: mRNA, membrane

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