scholarly journals Enhancement of Live Food Nutritional Status with Essential Nutrients for Improving Aquatic Animal Health: A Review

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2457
Author(s):  
Nur Amalina Samat ◽  
Fatimah Md Yusoff ◽  
Nadiah W. Rasdi ◽  
Murni Karim
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Live Food ◽  
Aquatic Animal ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Dietary Requirements ◽  
Macro Nutrients

At the present time, no artificial larval diet is capable of entirely fulfilling the dietary requirements of several larval fish and crustacean species. Zooplankton live food is the basic foundation of fish larviculture, and successful rearing of fish larvae still heavily depends on an adequate supply of nutritious live food. Despite being important, the production protocols of copepods and cladocerans (Moina) are still underdeveloped in hatcheries. Rotifers and Artemia are the most commonly used live foods. However, these live foods are evidently lacking in crucial nutrient constituents. Hence, through nutrient enrichment, live food with the nutritional profile that meets the requirements of fish larvae can be produced. With the aim to maximize the effectiveness of production to optimize profitability, it is important to evaluate and improve culture techniques for the delivery of micro- and macro-nutrients as feed supplements to larvae in aquaculture systems. Bioencapsulation and enrichment are the evolving techniques in aquaculture that are commonly employed to enhance the nutritional quality of live food by integrating nutrients into them, which subsequently improves the growth, survival, and disease resistance of the consuming hosts. This review aims to highlight some of the approaches and methods used to improve the nutritional quality of live food by modifying their nutrient composition, which could have immense promise in the enhancement of aquatic animal health.

scholarly journals Use of Tannin-Containing Plants as Antimicrobials Influencing the Animal Health

2022 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Mohammed M Dakheel ◽  
Afnan A Al-Mnaser ◽  
Jessica Quijada ◽  
Martin J Woodward ◽  
Caroline Rymer
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
The Subject

The antimicrobial effects of diverse tannin-containing plants, particularly condensed tannins (CTs) produced from various plants, are the subject of this study. CT components can be determined using CT-specific procedures such the HCl-Butanol Acetone assay, Thiolysis reaction, and HPLC/MS analysis. These methods indicate CT contents, including mean degree of polymerization, the procyanidins and prodelphinidins ratio (PC/PD%), the isomers of trans- and cis-, and CT concentration. Tannin-containing plants possess antibacterial action, which can be attributed to their protein linkage technique, and tannin-type variations, particularly CTs extract and their PC/PD%. The effects of CT components on the development of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have been documented for their relative PC/PD%; this is regarded to be a key predictor of tannin characteristics in terms of antimicrobials. In conclusion, tannins, more specific CT compositions, have significant impacts on in vivo trials of animal productions and utilization of metabolites and fermentation in vitro experiments. These findings need further investigations to fully understand how CT-types act on animal feeding in terms of enhanced nutritional quality of animal diets, which may have implications for human and animal health.

scholarly journals Phenolics in Aerial Parts of Persian Clover: Trifolium resupinatum

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Janda ◽  
Anna Stochmal ◽  
Paula Montoro ◽  
Sonia Piacente ◽  
Wieslaw Oleszek
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Chlorogenic Acids ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Kaempferol Glycosides ◽  
Persian Clover ◽  
Trifolium Resupinatum

The nutritional quality of Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum), an important pasture crop, depends not only on a high protein content but also on the occurrence of animal health and welfare promoting phytochemicals. Nine phenolic constituents present in the aerial parts of this species were isolated and their structures confirmed by NMR and ESI-MS analyses. The compounds included two chlorogenic acids, four quercetin and two kaempferol glycosides, as well as the isoflavone formononetin-7-glucoside. The concentration of isoflavone was low, not exceeding 1.2 mg/g of dry matter. The concentration of flavonols ranged between 5.9 and 11.8 mg/g, depending on the sampling dates, with the highest concentration occurring in the first cut. A similar trend in the concentration was found for chlorogenic acids, which ranged from 2 mg/g in summer to 7.3 mg/g in spring.

scholarly journals Dietary Value of Waste-Fed Rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis on the Larval Rearing of Japanese Whiting Sillago japonica

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Erick Ochieng Ogello ◽  
Stenly Wullur ◽  
Yoshitaka Sakakura ◽  
Atsushi Hagiwara
Keyword(s):  
Larval Fish ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Live Food ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sillago Japonica

Live food resources are useful for larval fish rearing. However, production of sufficient live food resources is expensive. This study employed a cost-effective rotifer culture technique using fish waste diet (FWD) and investigate the effect of the FWD-fed rotifer on larval rearing of the Japanese whiting, Sillago japonica. Fertilized eggs of S. japonica were hatched in polycarbonate tanks containing 100 l of artificial seawater at 10 eggs l-1 with 50 ml min-1 of aeration at room temperature. Two diets (i.e. FWD-fed rotifers and rotifers fed with super fresh Chlorella-V12 as control) were used with 10 rotifers ml-1 for 10 days. Fish were sampled every two days for morphometric and gut content analysis. Fatty acid analysis was done for both rotifers and fish larvae. The fish larvae fed with FWD-rotifers had higher total length than those given control diet. There was no significant difference in survival rate, viability, dry weight, gut content, head length, eye diameter, and body depth between the two diets. The DHA recorded of total lipid for the fish given FWD-rotifer and control fish are3 5.2% and 18.2% respectively. The use of waste-fed rotifers is cost-effective method to enhance the production of larval fish rearing in hatcheries.

A technique for detection of larval fish in the digestive tract of predators by otolith marking

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Gómez ◽  
C. M. Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Prochilodus Lineatus ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Fish Predators

The aim of the present study was to develop a method to unequivocally detect pre-flexion fish larvae in the digestive tracts of fish predators, even several hours after their ingestion. For this purpose, we evaluated larval mortality and the quality of the marks generated in sagitta otoliths after 0.5- or 2-h immersion in 50–800mg L–1 alizarin red S stain. The optimal condition (2h, 200mg L–1) was chosen to stain Prochilodus lineatus larvae, which were offered to single predators at 5 or 12 days after marking (DAM). The otoliths were searched in the digestive tract of predators killed 1–17h after ingestion of the prey, and were then examined for mark presence. Otolith recovery rates were high (>70%) and mark detection was above 80% up to 3h after ingestion, but even after 9h, 20–40% of the otoliths were recovered, with mark detection levels of 65%. A higher number of DAM was associated with a higher success in otolith recovery and mark detection. Otolith marking constitutes a single and inexpensive technique that could be applied in both laboratory and field experimental studies of predator–prey interactions.

scholarly journals The Survival of Larval Fish in the Northern North sea According to the Quality of the sea Water

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Fish Eggs ◽  
Northern North Sea ◽  
Possible Cause

The numbers of fish eggs and planktonic stages of fish taken during a 5-year period by the Scottish research vessels in the northern North Sea have been associated with the presence of Sagitta elegans and S. setosa in the same collections and over an 11-year period with the presence or absence of S. elegans. The results confirm Russell's findings in the English Channel that fish larvae are more abundant when S. elegans is present than when S. setosa is present.The total numbers of fish eggs do not show these differences; spawning does not appear to be any more productive in water associated with S. elegans, rather the reverse, and this is shown to be so for the eggs of those species separately examined. Numbers of the larvae were distinctly greater in the ‘mixed’ conditions indicated by the presence of S. elegans and a more abundant food supply is a possible cause. That the differences may signify a more fundamental effect, however, is suggested by the figures for cod and haddock eggs, which show the earliest stages to be more abundant where S. elegans was absent although later stages were more abundant when S. elegans was present.

Factors affecting the nutritional quality of crops

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon B. Hornick
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
And Storage

AbstractSeveral factors can directly or indirectly affect the nutritional quality of crops. Among these are soil factors, such as pH, available nutrients, texture, organic matter content and soil-water relationships; weather and climatic factors, including temperature, rainfall and light intensity; the crop and cultivar; postharvest handling and storage; and fertilizer applications and cultural practices. This paper deals primarily with fertilizer and cultural management practices, and on certain environmental factors that affect the nutritional quality of field crops and of fruits and vegetables. Earlier research that has investigated the nutritional status of crops grown with either chemical fertilizers or organic fertilizers is discussed. These studies often have given contradictory results on crop yields and on crops' mineral and vitamin contents. Other factors, such as maturity at harvest, postharvest handling and storage, anti-nutritive components, and residues of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are reviewed with respect to food safety and quality, and their implications for human and animal health. Future research needs are identified so that comparable results and valid comparisons can be obtained to identify the best management practices to ensure that food is safe and nutritious for the consumer.

Food procurement in English-language Canadian public schools: Opportunities and challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-99
Author(s):  
Shawna Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
English Language ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Food Environments ◽  
School Food ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
School Food Environment

This paper examines the changes to procurement for school food environments in Canada as a response to changes to nutrition regulations at the provincial level. Interviews with those working in school food environments across Canada revealed how changes to the nutrition requirements of foods and beverages sold in schools presented opportunities to not only improve the nutrient content of the items made available in school food environments, but also to include local producers and/or school gardens in procuring for the school food environment. At the same time, some schools struggle to procure nutritionally compliant foods due to increased costs associated with transporting produce to rural, remote, or northern communities as well as logistic difficulties like spoilage. Although the nutrition regulations have facilitated improvements to food environments in some schools, others require more support to improve the overall nutritional quality of the foods and beverages available to students at school.

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