scholarly journals Cornelian Cherry Pulp Has Beneficial Impact on Dyslipidemia and Reduced Bone Quality in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2435
Author(s):  
Radoslav Omelka ◽  
Jana Blahova ◽  
Veronika Kovacova ◽  
Martina Babikova ◽  
Vladimira Mondockova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Beneficial Impact

Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) is a medicinal plant with a range of biological features. It is often used as a nutritional supplement in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Our study was aimed to first investigate the effects of Cornelian cherry pulp on bone quality parameters in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Moreover, lipid-lowering properties of this fruit were also evaluated. Adult rats (n = 28) were assigned into four groups of seven individuals each: L group (non-diabetic lean rats), C group (diabetic obese rats), and E1 and E2 groups (diabetic obese rats receiving 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight of Cornelian cherry pulp, respectively, for 10 weeks). Significantly lower levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase activity were determined in the E2 group versus the C group. A higher dose of Cornus mas also had a beneficial impact on femoral weight, cortical bone thickness, relative volume of trabecular bone and trabecular thickness. We observed elevated density of Haversian systems and accelerated periosteal bone apposition in both treated groups (E1 and E2). Our results clearly demonstrate that Cornelian cherry pulp has a favorable effect on lipid disorder and impaired bone quality consistent with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a suitable animal model.

scholarly journals Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Iridoid and Anthocyanin Extract Enhances PPAR-α, PPAR-γ Expression and Reduces I/M Ratio in Aorta, Increases LXR-α Expression and Alters Adipokines and Triglycerides Levels in Cholesterol-Rich Diet Rabbit Model

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3621
Author(s):  
Maciej Danielewski ◽  
Alicja Z. Kucharska ◽  
Agnieszka Matuszewska ◽  
Andrzej Rapak ◽  
Agnieszka Gomułkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal

Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruits possess potential cardiovascular, lipid-lowering and hypoglycemic bioactivities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of resin-purified cornelian cherry extract rich in iridoids and anthocyanins on several transcription factors, intima/media ratio in aorta and serum parameters, which determine or are valuable indicators of the adverse changes observed in the course of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. For this purpose, male New Zealand rabbits were fed a diet enriched in 1% cholesterol for 60 days. Additionally, one group received 10 mg/kg b.w. of cornelian cherry extract and the second group 50 mg/kg b.w. of cornelian cherry extract. PPAR-α and PPAR-γ expression in the aorta, LXR-α expression in the liver; cholesterol, triglycerides, adipokines, apolipoproteins, glucose and insulin levels in serum; the intima and media diameter in the thoracic and abdominal aorta were determined. Administration of cornelian cherry extract resulted in an enhancement in the expression of all tested transcription factors, a decrease in triglycerides, leptin and resistin, and an increase in adiponectin levels. In addition, a significant reduction in the I/M ratio was observed for both the thoracic and abdominal aorta. The results we have obtained confirm the potential contribution of cornelian cherry extract to mitigation of the risk of developing and the intensity of symptoms of obesity-related cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis or metabolic syndrome.

Endothelium as a Therapeutic Target in Diabetes Mellitus: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1089-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Tentolouris ◽  
Ioanna Eleftheriadou ◽  
Evangelia Tzeravini ◽  
Dimitrios Tsilingiris ◽  
Stavroula A. Paschou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Corpus Cavernosum ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

Endothelium plays an essential role in human homeostasis by regulating arterial blood pressure, distributing nutrients and hormones as well as providing a smooth surface that modulates coagulation, fibrinolysis and inflammation. Endothelial dysfunction is present in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and contributes to the development and progression of macrovascular disease, while it is also associated with most of the microvascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia are the main factors involved in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction. Regarding antidiabetic medication, metformin, gliclazide, pioglitazone, exenatide and dapagliflozin exert a beneficial effect on Endothelial Function (EF); glimepiride and glibenclamide, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and liraglutide have a neutral effect, while studies examining the effect of insulin analogues, empagliflozin and canagliflozin on EF are limited. In terms of lipid-lowering medication, statins improve EF in subjects with DM, while data from short-term trials suggest that fenofibrate improves EF; ezetimibe also improves EF but further studies are required in people with DM. The effect of acetylsalicylic acid on EF is dose-dependent and lower doses improve EF while higher ones do not. Clopidogrel improves EF, but more studies in subjects with DM are required. Furthermore, angiotensin- converting-enzyme inhibitors /angiotensin II receptor blockers improve EF. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors improve EF locally in the corpus cavernosum. Finally, cilostazol exerts favorable effect on EF, nevertheless, more data in people with DM are required.

scholarly journals Antioxidant effect of extract of yellow fruits of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) in rats’ leukocytes under streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
M. B. Seniv ◽  
◽  
O. V. Dzydzan ◽  
I. V. Brodyak ◽  
A. Z. Kucharska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

Background. The chronic hyperglycemia and intensified metabolic pathways of glucose conversion lead to the formation of excessive amounts of the reactive oxygen species and the development of oxidative stress under the condition of diabetes mellitus. In the recent decades, scientists have been searching for new drugs based on plant materials to prevent metabolic, structural and functional disorders in the body under diabetes. It has long been known that fruits and vegetables are sources of biologically active substances that have a beneficial effect on human health. The yellow fruits of the cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) contain a significant amount of substances (iridoids, phenolic acids and flavonoids), whose properties, biological effects and mechanism of action are not fully understood. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the extract of yellow fruits of the cornelian cherry on the reactive oxygen species content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in rats’ leukocytes with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods. Experimental diabetes mellitus in rats was induced by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin. The development of diabetes mellitus was monitored by blood glucose level. From the 10th day after the induction of diabetes, the animals were orally administered the extract of yellow fruits of the cornelian cherry at a dose of 20 mg/kg of the body weight for 14 days. On the last day of the experiment, we collected the blood into vials with heparin and isolated leukocytes to further determine the content of reactive oxygen species and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using MS Excel-2013. Results. The content of the reactive oxygen species is increased and the activity of antioxidant enzymes is reduced in the rats’ leukocytes during streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Oral administration of the extract of yellow fruits of the cornelian cherry to diabetic animals improves the antioxidant status of leukocytes, which is manifested in an increased activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase along with a decrease in the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Conclusions. The extract of yellow fruits of the cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) restores the balance between prooxidants and antioxidant defense system in leukocytes of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Such results suggest that the extract of yellow fruits of the cornelian cherry might be one of the plant components in the development of new drugs that will correct metabolic and functional disorders in leukocytes under diabetes.

Characterization of compounds in Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) and its effect on interior milieu in ZDF

2020 ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Rudolf Dupak ◽  
Klaudia Jaszcza ◽  
Anna Kalafova ◽  
Monika Schneidgenova ◽  
Eva Ivanisova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Zdf Rats ◽  
Promising Source

The risk of type 2 Diabetes mellitus is constantly increasing and therefore it is necessary to seek effective and new therapies. Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) presents an opportunity in an alternative for treatment of type 2 Diabetes mellitus due its high antioxidant effects. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of Cornelian cherry pulp and stone on ZDF rats, which are suitable biological model for type 2 diabetes. ZDF rats received Cornelian cherry in three doses (1500, 2000 mg kg-1 body weight of the pulp and 250 mg kg-1 body weight of the stone) using the sterile oral rodent gavage for 4 months. Blood glucose, insulin, antioxidant activity and compounds in Cornelian cherry were determined to investigate the effects. Cornelian cherry stone significantly decreased affected blood glucose levels in ZDF rats when compared to the untreated control group. Total polyphenols and phenolic acids had significantly higher values in Cornelian cherry stone against pulp. Also, high concentrations of the anthocyanins were determined in the pulp. The results suggest that Cornelian cherry stone would potentially provide promising source of natural antioxidants and use in the management of Diabetes mellitus.

Bone quality in diabetes mellitus type 2

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jackuliak ◽  
Zdenko Killinger ◽  
Juraj Payer
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type

The Management of Dyslipidaemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving Lipid-Lowering Drugs: A Sub-Analysis of the CEPHEUS Findings

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Shehab ◽  
Khalid Al-Rasadi ◽  
Mohamed Arafah ◽  
Ali T. Al-Hinai ◽  
Wael Al Mahmeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lipid Lowering Drugs

scholarly journals Early Renoprotective Effect of Ruxolitinib in a Rat Model of Diabetic Nephropathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. El-Kady ◽  
Reham A. Naggar ◽  
Maha Guimei ◽  
Iman M. Talaat ◽  
Olfat G. Shaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Glomerular Sclerosis ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
Renoprotective Effect ◽  
Tgf Β1

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is still one of the unresolved major complications of diabetes mellitus, which leads ultimately to end-stage renal disease in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients. Available drugs that suppress the renin–angiotensin system have partially minimized the disease impact. Yet, there is an unmet need for new therapeutic interventions to protect the kidneys of diabetic patients. In DN, glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis are mediated through several pathways, of which JAK/STAT is a key one. The current study explored the potential renoprotective effect of the JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib (at doses of 0.44, 2.2, and 4.4 mg·kg−1) compared to that of enalapril at a dose of 10 mg·kg−1, in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus over 8 weeks. The effect of ruxolitinib was assessed by determining urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, serum level of cystatin, and levels of TGF-β1, NF-κB, and TNF-α in renal tissue homogenates by biochemical assays, the glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis scores by histological analysis, and fibronectin, TGF-β1, and Vimentin levels by immunohistochemical staining with the respective antibodies. Our results revealed a significant early favorable effect of a two-week ruxolitinib treatment on the renal function, supported by a decline in the proinflammatory biomarkers of DKD. This pre-clinical study suggests that the renoprotective effect of ruxolitinib in the long term should be investigated in animals, as this drug may prove to be a potential option for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease.

Fruit Characteristics of Different Varieties of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Cultivated in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Jurečková ◽  
Pavel Diviš ◽  
Jitka Cetkovská ◽  
Milena Vespalcová ◽  
Jaromír Pořízka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Cornus Mas

scholarly journals Associations of markers of arterial stiffness and remodeling with new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Ahmadizar ◽  
K Wang ◽  
F Mattace Raso ◽  
MA Ikram ◽  
M Kavousi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Circumferential Wall Stress ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background. Arterial stiffness/remodeling results in impaired blood flow and, eventually, decreased glucose disposal in peripheral tissues and increased blood glucose. Besides, increased arterial stiffness/remodeling may lead to hypertension, as a potential reciprocal risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). We, therefore, hypothesized that increased arterial stiffness/remodeling is associated with an increased risk of T2D. Purpose. To study the associations between arterial stiffness/remodeling and incident T2D. Methods. We used the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study. Common carotid arterial properties were ultrasonically determined in plaque-free areas. Aortic stiffness was estimated by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf_PWV), carotid stiffness was estimated by the carotid distensibility coefficient (carDC). Arterial remodeling was estimated by carotid artery lumen diameter (carDi), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), mean circumferential wall stress (CWSmean), and pulsatile circumferential wall stress (CWSpuls). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to estimate the associations between arterial stiffness/remodeling and the risk of incident T2D, adjusted for age, sex, cohort, mean arterial pressure (MAP), antihypertensive medications, heart rate, non- high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, lipid-lowering medications, and smoking. We included interaction terms in the fully adjusted models to study whether any significant associations were modified by sex, age, blood glucose, or MAP. Spearman correlation analyses were applied to examine the correlations between measurements of arterial stiffness/remodeling and glycemic traits. Results. We included 3,055 individuals free of T2D at baseline (mean (SD) age, 67.2 (7.9) years). During a median follow-up of 14.0 years, 395 (12.9%) T2D occurred. After adjustments, higher cf_PWV (hazard ratio (HR),1.18; 95%CI:1.04-1.35), carDi (1.17; 1.04-1.32), cIMT (1.15; 1.01-1.32), and CWSpuls (1.28; 1.12-1.47) were associated with increased risk of incident T2D. After further adjustment for the baseline glucose, the associations attenuated but remained statistically significant. Sex, age, blood glucose, or MAP did not modify the associations between measurements of arterial stiffness/remodeling, and incident T2D. Among the population with prediabetes at baseline (n = 513) compared to the general population, larger cIMT was associated with a greater increase in the risk of T2D. Most measurements of arterial stiffness/remodeling significantly but weakly correlated with baseline glycemic traits, particularly with blood glucose.  Conclusions. Our study suggests that greater arterial stiffness/remodeling is independently associated with an increased risk of T2D development. Blood glucose and hypertension do not seem to play significant roles in these associations. Further studies should disentangle the underlying mechanism that links arterial stiffness/remodeling and T2D.

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