scholarly journals Linking Human Perceptions and Spotted Hyena Behavior in Urban Areas of Ethiopia

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2400
Author(s):  
Julie K. Young ◽  
D. Layne Coppock ◽  
Jacopo A. Baggio ◽  
Kerry A. Rood ◽  
Gidey Yirga
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Spotted Hyena ◽  
Educational Backgrounds ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Human Perceptions ◽  
Puzzle Box ◽  
Flight Initiation

Humans have shaped carnivore behavior since at least the Middle Paleolithic period, about 42,000 years ago. In more recent times, spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in Ethiopia have adapted to living in urban areas, while humans have adapted to living with hyenas. Yet, relationships between coexisting humans and carnivores are rarely addressed beyond mitigating conflicts. We provided a case study for how to broadly think about coexistence and how to study it when measuring if humans and carnivores affect one another. We collected data in four Ethiopian cities: Mekelle, Harar, Addis Ababa, and Arba Minch. We held focus groups and key informant interviews that incorporated feedback from 163 people, representing a wide array of religious, economic, and educational backgrounds. We also determined how many hyenas resided in these cities, hyena behavioral responses to humans using a flight initiation test, and problem-solving abilities via puzzle box trials. We found that in three of the cities, hyenas and humans coexist at high densities and frequently encounter each other. While all participants recognized the importance of hyenas as scavengers to maintain a clean environment, there was pronounced variation in cultural perspectives across cities. For example, while the people of Harar revere hyenas in spiritual terms, in Arba Minch hyenas were regarded as nuisance animals. Hyenas were universally respected as a formidable predator across cities but reports of attacks on livestock and humans were few. Flight initiation tests revealed hyenas fled at significantly closer distances in Harar and Addis Ababa than in Mekelle. Hyenas succeeded at solving a puzzle box in Harar but not in Mekelle. These variable behavior in hyenas correlated to different human perceptions. Our case study results suggest that the hyena–human dynamic is highly variable across these locations. We conclude by exploring the implications of these findings for how humans and hyenas can shape one another’s behavior. Developing studies to link human perceptions and animal behavior could advance wildlife conservation, especially in urban areas.

scholarly journals Alternative Treatment for Asthma: Case Study of Success of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Children from Urban Areas with Different Levels of Environmental Pollution

ISRN Allergy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Kopnina
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Chinese Medicine Treatment ◽  
Dutch Children ◽  
Asthma Case ◽  
Different Levels

The present study examined efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment in Dutch children with asthma in areas with differing air pollution. The study results indicate that TCM treatment of children living in more polluted urban area is less successful then that of children living in cleaner air area.

scholarly journals The impact of renewable on-site energy production on property values

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niina Leskinen ◽  
Jussi Vimpari ◽  
Seppo Junnila
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Site Energy ◽  
Influencing Mechanism ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Contrary to the traditional technology project perspective, real estate investors see building-specific renewable energy (on-site energy) investments as part of the property and as something affecting the property’s ability to produce a (net) cash flow. This paper aims to show the value-influencing mechanism of on-site energy production from a professional property investors’ perspective. Design/methodology/approach The value-influencing mechanism is presented with a case study of a prime logistics property located in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland. The case study results are compared with the results of a survey answered by over 70 property valuation professionals in the Finnish real estate market. Findings Current valuation practice supports the presented value-creation mechanism based on the capitalisation of the savings generated by a building’s own energy production. Valuation professionals see benefits beyond decreased operating expenses such as enhanced image and better saleability. However, valuers acted more conservatively than expected when transferring these additional benefits to the cash flows of the case property. Practical implications Because the savings in operating expenses can be capitalised into the property value, property investors should consider on-site energy production when the return of on-site energy exceeds the return of the property. This enhances the profitability of on-site energy, especially in urban areas with low initial yields. Originality/value This is the first research paper to open the value-influencing mechanism of on-site energy production from a professional property investors’ perspective in commercial properties and to confirm it from a market study.

scholarly journals Contribution to the Sustainability Challenges of the Food-Delivery Sector: Finding from the Deliveroo Italy Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7045
Author(s):  
Antonino Galati ◽  
Maria Crescimanno ◽  
Demetris Vrontis ◽  
Dario Siggia
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sustainable Logistics ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The One ◽  
Sustainability Challenges ◽  
Electro Mobility

The food delivery sector is assuming increasing importance in the distribution of food products and meals as it is becoming an ordinary component of consumption habits. However, the growth of the sector has inevitably affected the demand for freight transport, especially in urban areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the main enabling factors affecting the adoption of sustainable strategies, among which the electro-mobility, in the food delivery sector and what obstacles to dissemination can be seen. Deliveroo s.r.l. was chosen as case study. Results show that Deliveroo undoubtedly represents a good example of sustainable logistics and the dissemination of good practices among the key players of the food delivery sector. However, if on the one hand there is a strong commitment on the part of Deliveroo to find solutions that encourage the use of these means, on the other hand, there is the need for a greater commitment on the part of the institutions to create infrastructure conditions that facilitate the diffusion of these means.

scholarly journals The influence of atmospheric circulation on the air pollution concentration and temperature inversion in Sosnowiec. Case study

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Widawski
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Synoptic Situation ◽  
Pollution Concentration ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
Study Results

AbstractSosnowiec is located in the Katowice Region, which is the most urbanized and industrialized region in Poland. Urban areas of such character favor enhancement of pollution concentration in the atmosphere and the consequent emergence of smog. Local meteorological and circulation conditions significantly influence not only on the air pollution level but also change air temperature considerably in their centers and immediate vicinities. The synoptic situation also plays the major role in dispersal and concentration of air pollutants and changes in temperature profile. One of the most important are the near-ground (100 m) inversions of temperature revealed their highest values on clear winter days and sometimes stay still for the whole day and night. Air temperature inversions in Sosnowiec occur mainly during anticyclone stagnation (Ca-anticyclone centre and Ka-anticyclonic ridge) and in anticyclones with air advection from the south and southwest (Sa and SWa) which cause significantly increase of air pollution values. The detailed evaluation of the influence of circulation types on the appearance of a particular concentration of pollutants carried out in this work has confirmed the predominant influence of individual circulation types on the development of air pollution levels at the Katowice region. This paper presents research case study results of the thermal structure of the near-ground atmospheric layer (100 m) and air pollution parameters (PM10, SO2, NO, NO2) changes in selected days of 2005 year according to regional synoptic circulation types. The changes in urban environment must be taken into account in analyses of multiyear trends of air temperature and air conditions on the regional and global scales.

scholarly journals Implementation, Experience, and Challenges of Urban Health Extension Program in Addis Ababa: A Case study from Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Tamirat Gizaw ◽  
Getahun Zebre ◽  
Kasahun Girma Tareke ◽  
Yohannes Kebede Lemu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Health ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Health Extension Program ◽  
Extension Professionals ◽  
Extension Program ◽  
Implementation Experience

Abstract Background: Ethiopia started implementing the Urban Health Extension Program in urban areas since 2009 to provide health care services to the community members of the urban health extension professionals. But, limited evidence is there to the extent of this program implementation, acceptance, and utilization. Therefore, this study was aimed at exploring the implementation, experience, and challenges of the urban health extension program. Methods: A qualitative case study was conducted in Addis Ababa from November 15 – December 29, 2017. The study participants were recruited purposively that includes health extension professionals, health post supervisors, health development army leaders, Addis Ababa city health extension program administrators, and women of the community. A total of 4 focus group discussions and 31 in-depth and key informant interviews were conducted. The data were transcribed verbatim, translated into the English language, and analyzed by an inductive thematic analysis approach using Atlas ti7.1 software package. Result: This study found that there were 15 health service packages of the urban health extension program provided to the communities by the Urban Health Extension Professionals in Addis Ababa. The strategies used for the program implementation were a provision of training for UHEPs, conducting home to home visit, creation of model households, strengthening of health developmental army, conducting of regular supervision or monitoring, referral and feedback, and community mobilization. Lack of coordination between the health extension program and other sectors, poor supply management system, having no clearly defined career and education path and lack of motivation and incentives were some of the challenges posed in the program implementation. Conclusions: Although the urban health extension program has made a significant contribution to the health of the community through increasing access to public health services in urban settings, its implementation is affected by many challenges. Therefore, all stakeholders, governmental and non-governmental organizations should have support the system to increase the acceptability and utilization of the urban health extension services.

Factors Affecting Financial Literacy of Vietnamese Adults: A Case Study for Hanoi and Nghe An

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tue Nguyen Dang
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Financial Behaviors ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Literacy Level

This research examines the factors affecting the financial literacy of Vietnamese adults. Using a sample of 266 observations of adults in 2 big cities in Vietnam (Hanoi and Vinh in Nghe An Province), the author evaluates the literacy level of adults in these urban areas. The financial literacy of the interviewed people is low. The multiple regression results show that lower financial literacy levels associate with higher age and married status and higher financial literacy levels associate with higher education, more family members, the person making financial decisions and the person attending a useful financial course. This research also explores the association between financial literacy and financial behaviors of individuals employing logistic models. It is found that higher financial literacy associates with less probability of overspending and higher probability of saving money and careful spending. Higher financial literacy is also found to associate with higher probability of opening a savings account and making various investments. 

HIV INFECTION AND SOME RELATED FACTORS IN FEMALE MASSAGE THERAPISTS IN QUANG NGAI PROVINCE

2015 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Xuan Chuong Tran ◽  
Thi Thanh Hoa Le ◽  
Ngoc Van Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Massage Therapists

Background: HIV/AIDS is still a dangerous infection in Vietnam and in the world. Studying of HIV infection and related factors in high risk groups, including female massage therapists is therefore very important. Aims: 1. To study the HIV infection in female massage therapists in Quang Ngai province. 2. To fine some related factors to HIV infection. Patients and methods: Female massage therapists working in Quang Ngai province. Cross-sectional, descriptive study. Results: The rate of HIV infection was 0.99%. Group older than 22 years old had higher rate of infection than group under 22 years old (1.80% vs 0.69%). The girls from urban areas or not using condom had higher rate of infection than group from rural or not using condom (1.57% vs 0.47% and 7.32% vs. 0.57%). Most of HIV infected belong to single or divorce groups. Conclusions: The rate of HIV infection in female massage therapists in Quang Ngai province was 0.99%. The HIV infection related factor was not using condom in sexual contact. Keywords: HIV, female massage therapists, Quang Ngai

PROCESSING AND IMAGING OF MARINE SEISMIC DATA FROM THE JEQUITINHONHA BASIN (BAHIA, BRAZIL)

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourenildo W.B. Leite ◽  
J. Mann ◽  
Wildney W.S. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Marine Seismic ◽  
Present Case Study

ABSTRACT. The present case study results from a consistent processing and imaging of marine seismic data from a set collected over sedimentary basins of the East Brazilian Atlantic. Our general aim is... RESUMO. O presente artigo resulta de um processamento e imageamento consistentes de dados sísmicos marinhos de levantamento realizado em bacias sedimentares do Atlântico do Nordeste...

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