scholarly journals Raw Cow Milk Bacterial Consortium as Bioindicator of Circulating Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2378
Author(s):  
Cristian Piras ◽  
Viviana Greco ◽  
Enrico Gugliandolo ◽  
Alessio Soggiu ◽  
Bruno Tilocca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Analysis ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Bacterial Consortia ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Ecological Pressure

The environment, including animals and animal products, is colonized by bacterial species that are typical and specific of every different ecological niche. Natural and human-related ecological pressure promotes the selection and expression of genes related to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). These genes might be present in a bacterial consortium but might not necessarily be expressed. Their expression could be induced by the presence of antimicrobial compounds that could originate from a given ecological niche or from human activity. In this work, we applied (meta)proteomics analysis of bacterial compartment of raw milk in order to obtain a method that provides a measurement of circulating AMR involved proteins and gathers information about the whole bacterial composition. Results from milk analysis revealed the presence of 29 proteins/proteoforms linked to AMR. The detection of mainly β-lactamases suggests the possibility of using the milk microbiome as a bioindicator for the investigation of AMR. Moreover, it was possible to achieve a culture-free qualitative and functional analysis of raw milk bacterial consortia.

scholarly journals Establishing and Optimizing a Bacterial Consortia for Effective Biodegradation of Petroleum Contaminants: Advancing Classical Microbiology via Experimental and Mathematical Approach

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3311
Author(s):  
Baichun Wu ◽  
Jingmin Deng ◽  
Hao Niu ◽  
Jiahao Liang ◽  
Muhammad Arslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Correlation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Rhodococcus Erythropolis ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacterial Consortia ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Petroleum Contaminants ◽  
Different Strains

In classical microbiology, developing a high-efficiency bacterial consortium is a great challenge for faster biodegradation of petroleum contaminants. In this study, a systematic experimental and mathematical procedure was adopted to establish a bacterial consortium for the effective biodegradation of heavy oil constituents. A total of 27 bacterial consortia were established as per orthogonal experiments, using 8 petroleum-degrading bacterial strains. These bacteria were closer phylogenetic relatives of Brevundimonas sp. Tibet-IX23 (Y1), Bacillus firmus YHSA15, B. cereus MTCC 9817, B. aquimaris AT8 (Y2, Y6 and Y7), Pseudomonas alcaligenes NBRC (Y3), Microbacterium oxydans CV8.4 (Y4), Rhodococcus erythropolis SBUG 2052 (Y5), and Planococcus sp. Tibet-IX21 (Y8), and were used in different combinations. Partial correlation analysis and a general linear model hereafter were applied to investigate interspecific relationships among different strains and consortia. The Y1 bacterial species showed a remarkable synergy, whereas Y3, Y4, and Y6 displayed a strong antagonism in all consortia. Inoculation ratios of different strains significantly influenced biodegradation. An optimal consortium was constructed with Y1, Y2, Y5, Y7, and Y8, which revealed maximum degradation of 11.238 mg/mL OD600 for oil contaminants. This study provides a line of evidence that a functional consortium can be established by mathematical models for improved bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated environment.

scholarly journals Engineered Interspecies Amino Acid Cross-Feeding Increases Population Evenness in a Synthetic Bacterial Consortium

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marika Ziesack ◽  
Travis Gibson ◽  
John K. W. Oliver ◽  
Andrew M. Shumaker ◽  
Bryan B. Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Bacterial Consortia ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

ABSTRACT In nature, microbes interact antagonistically, neutrally, or beneficially. To shed light on the effects of positive interactions in microbial consortia, we introduced metabolic dependencies and metabolite overproduction into four bacterial species. While antagonistic interactions govern the wild-type consortium behavior, the genetic modifications alleviated antagonistic interactions and resulted in beneficial interactions. Engineered cross-feeding increased population evenness, a component of ecological diversity, in different environments, including in a more complex gnotobiotic mouse gut environment. Our findings suggest that metabolite cross-feeding could be used as a tool for intentionally shaping microbial consortia in complex environments. IMPORTANCE Microbial communities are ubiquitous in nature. Bacterial consortia live in and on our body and in our environment, and more recently, biotechnology is applying microbial consortia for bioproduction. As part of our body, bacterial consortia influence us in health and disease. Microbial consortium function is determined by its composition, which in turn is driven by the interactions between species. Further understanding of microbial interactions will help us in deciphering how consortia function in complex environments and may enable us to modify microbial consortia for health and environmental benefits.

scholarly journals Raw Cow Milk Protein Stability under Natural and Technological Conditions of Environment by Analysis of Variance

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2017
Author(s):  
Oto Hanuš ◽  
Josef Kučera ◽  
Eva Samková ◽  
Irena Němečková ◽  
Jindřich Čítek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Point ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Milk Analysis ◽  
Data Set

Heat stability (HS) is substantial technology property of raw milk. Analysis of sources of HS variation and its regular monitoring can contribute to creating higher added value in the dairy industry. The goal of this analysis was to assess the practice sources of raw cow milk HS variability on the results of an extensive data set of bulk tank milk samples. There was implemented neither a compositional technology modification nor acidity adjustment of milk, just original raw milk was used for the analysis. A total 2634 HS analyses were performed, including other milk indicators, during three years of an experimental period. The log HS mean and standard deviation were 1.273654 ± 0.144189, equal to the HS geometric mean of 18.8 min. Explanation of the HS variability through the linear model used was 41.1% (p < 0.0001). According to the results of the variance analysis, the milk HS was influenced (p = 0.0033 and mostly <0.0001) by all the farm factors such as year; season; calendar month; altitude; total annual rainfall; herd size by the number of cows; milk yield; cow breed; type of milking; litter type in the stable; summer grazing application; farm effect. During the calendar months (p < 0.0001), milk HS values suggest similar seasonal dynamics with the somatic cell count, total count of mesophilic microorganisms, coli bacteria count and urea and lactose concentration and opposite configuration pattern to fat, crude protein, solids-not-fat and total solids content and milk freezing point depression. Here performed quantification of these effects by analyzing the variance may allow efficient raw milk selection to be processed into specific dairy products.

scholarly journals Engineered inter-species amino acid cross-feeding increases population evenness in a synthetic bacterial consortium

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marika Ziesack ◽  
Travis Gibson ◽  
John K.W. Oliver ◽  
Andrew M. Shumaker ◽  
Bryan B. Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Bacterial Consortia ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

AbstractIn nature, microbes interact antagonistically, neutrally or beneficially. To shed light on the effects of positive interactions in microbial consortia we introduced metabolic dependencies and metabolite overproduction into four bacterial species. While antagonistic interactions govern the wildtype consortium behavior, the genetic modifications alleviated antagonistic interactions and resulted in beneficial interactions. Engineered cross-feeding increased population evenness, a component of ecological diversity, in different environments including in a more complex gnotobiotic mouse gut environment. Our findings suggest that metabolite cross-feeding could be used as a tool for intentionally shaping microbial consortia in complex environments.ImportanceMicrobial communities are ubiquitous in nature. Bacterial consortia live in and on our body and in our environment and more recently, biotechnology is applying microbial consortia for bioproduction. As part of our body, bacterial consortia influence us in health and disease. Microbial consortia function is determined by its composition, which in turn is driven by the interactions between species. Further understanding of microbial interactions will help us deciphering how consortia function in complex environments and may enable us to modify microbial consortia for health and environmental benefits.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of a Complex Phenolic Industrial Stream by Bacterial Strains Isolated from Industrial Wastewaters

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1964
Author(s):  
Alejandra Bartolomé ◽  
Gema Rodríguez-Moro ◽  
Juan-Luis Fuentes ◽  
Mariana Lopes ◽  
Juana Frontela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Bacterial Consortia ◽  
Massive Sequencing ◽  
Repeated Batch

Molecular and metabolomic tools were used to design and understand the biodegradation of phenolic compounds in real industrial streams. Bacterial species were isolated from an industrial wastewater treatment plant of a phenol production factory and identified using molecular techniques. Next, the biodegradation potential of the most promising strains was analyzed in the presence of a phenolic industrial by-product containing phenol, alfa-methylstyrene, acetophenone, 2-cumylphenol, and 4-cumylphenol. A bacterial consortium comprising Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes species was assessed for its ability to degrade phenolic compounds from the phenolic industrial stream (PS). The consortium adapted itself to the increasing levels of phenolic compounds, roughly up to 1750 ppm of PS; thus, becoming resistant to them. In addition, the consortium exhibited the ability to grow in the presence of PS in repeated batch mode processes. Results from untargeted metabolomic analysis of the culture medium in the presence of PS suggested that bacteria transformed the toxic phenolic compounds into less harmful molecules as a survival mechanism. Overall, the study demonstrates the usefulness of massive sequencing and metabolomic tools in constructing bacterial consortia that can efficiently biodegrade complex PS. Furthermore, it improves our understanding of their biodegradation capabilities.

scholarly journals Raw Cow Milk Bacterial Population Shifts Attributable to Refrigeration

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 5644-5650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Lafarge ◽  
Jean-Claude Ogier ◽  
Victoria Girard ◽  
Véronique Maladen ◽  
Jean-Yves Leveau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Milk Samples

ABSTRACT We monitored the dynamic changes in the bacterial population in milk associated with refrigeration. Direct analyses of DNA by using temporal temperature gel electrophoresis (TTGE) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) allowed us to make accurate species assignments for bacteria with low-GC-content (low-GC%) (<55%) and medium- or high-GC% (>55%) genomes, respectively. We examined raw milk samples before and after 24-h conservation at 4°C. Bacterial identification was facilitated by comparison with an extensive bacterial reference database (∼150 species) that we established with DNA fragments of pure bacterial strains. Cloning and sequencing of fragments missing from the database were used to achieve complete species identification. Considerable evolution of bacterial populations occurred during conservation at 4°C. TTGE and DGGE are shown to be a powerful tool for identifying the main bacterial species of the raw milk samples and for monitoring changes in bacterial populations during conservation at 4°C. The emergence of psychrotrophic bacteria such as Listeria spp. or Aeromonas hydrophila is demonstrated.

An Easy Efficient Method of Veterinary Drug Residue Analysis in Raw Milk by RP-HPLC-UV with Application to Raw Milk

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 942-949
Author(s):  
Lekweiri Haiba Legrae ◽  
Mohamed Fadel Deida ◽  
Bah Mohamed Lemine Abdellahi ◽  
Mohamed Brahim Elkory ◽  
Ibrahima Ndiaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Easy Method ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Peak Resolution ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Moderate Cost ◽  
Short Time

Background: This study reports an easy method of a veterinary drug investigation in raw milk, based on QuECHERS extraction followed by RP-HPLC-UV analysis. Use of this benchtop system was motivated by its availability and moderate cost relatively to other sophisticated methods such as LC-MS which are more efficient. Methods: This developed method has been optimized and then after validation according to EU legislation, it demonstrated good linearity with R²>0.997, acceptable peak resolution within a short time (<9.5 min) and good recovery of the analyzed drugs (OXY, ALZ and IVR, respectively 87.08, 99.02 and 92.01 %). Additionally, we applied the method to the analysis of cow milk, collected in Nouakchott, capital of Mauritania. Results: The obtained results indicated a mixed level of drug use according to targeted molecules. In 42% of sampled farms, the anti-parasitics IVR and ALZ were detected whereas the antibiotic OXY was detected in 50%. Conclusion: This investigation shows that 17% of the sampled farms exceeded European standards for IVR drug.

scholarly journals Characterization of Escherichia coli Strains Derived from Cow Milk of Subclinical and Clinical Cases of Mastitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda ◽  
Krzysztof Skowron ◽  
Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska ◽  
Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke ◽  
Jarosław Bystroń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bonferroni Test

Mastitis is a major economic problem in dairy herds, as it might decrease fertility, and negatively affect milk quality and milk yield. Out of over 150 bacterial species responsible for the udder inflammation, Escherichia coli is one of the most notable. This study aimed to assess antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance to dipping agents and biofilm formation of 150 E. coli strains isolated from milk of cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis. The strains came from three dairy herds located in Northern and Central Poland. The statistical analyses were performed with post-hoc Bonferroni test and chi-square test (including Yates correction). The data with a p value of <0.05 were considered significant. We found that the tested strains were mostly sensitive to antimicrobials and dipping agents. It was shown that 37.33% and 4.67% of strains were resistant and moderately resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, respectively. No extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing E. coli were detected. The majority of strains did not possess the ability to form biofilm or formed a weak biofilm. The strong biofilm formers were found only among strains derived from cows with subclinical mastitis. The lowest bacteria number was noted for subclinical mastitis cows’ strains, after stabilization with iodine (3.77 log CFU × cm−2) and chlorhexidine (3.96 log CFU × cm−2) treatment. In the present study, no statistically significant differences in susceptibility to antibiotics and the ability to form biofilm were found among the strains isolated from cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis. Despite this, infections in dairy herds should be monitored. Limiting the spread of bacteria and characterizing the most common etiological factors would allow proper treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of different sample collection methods on the results of raw milk analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (394) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakeline Fernandes Cabral ◽  
Marco Antônio Pereira da Silva ◽  
Rafaella Belchior Brasil ◽  
Thiago Soares Carvalho ◽  
Cristiane Isabô Giovannini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Milk ◽  
Milk Analysis ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Collection Methods

Raw Milk as a Potential Source of Food Poisoning Outbreaks

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Isa Shu’aibu ◽  
Habiba Abdullahi ◽  
S. Hanna Kadum ◽  
A. Jabir Hamza ◽  
Y. Kabiru Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Production Chain

In Africa, the use of poor and unhygienic methods for animal milking and milk processing that leads to spoilage of milk by microbes affects the production of milk and dairy products, especially in the small scale and local processing plants. This study was conducted to analyze the quality and safety of raw milk collected from six different towns in Kwami local government area of Gombe State, Nigeria. The samples were serially diluted using ten-fold dilution and used aliquot 1 ml to inoculate the appropriate media using pour plate technique. The total viable count for bacteria in CFU/ml on plate count agar (PCA) was highest in sample E from U/Anchau with an average of total viable count of 3.8x104 CFU/ml, followed by 3.0x104 CFU/ml in sample B (Dirri), then 2.8x104 CFU/ml in sample D from Burakosuma, 2.5x104 CFU/ml in sample F from Dun urji, 2.3x104 CFU/ml in sample C from Zanbe with least count from sample A at Bele as 1.8x104 CFU/ml. Five (5) bacterial species of public health importance were isolated and identified using biochemical tests namely; Enterobacter sp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp.. Out of the organisms isolated, Enterobacter sp. had the highest occurrence of 93% (n=280), then Yersinia enterocolitica 90% (n=270), E. coli 70% (n=210), S. aureus 57% (n=170), and finally Salmonella sp. 23% (n=70). Based on the microbiological outcomes, preventive measures for milking and processing that focus on training of farmers and dairy employees for the improvement of the hygiene of local milk and dairy production chain should be defined.

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