scholarly journals Taxonomic Distribution of Neoplasia among Non-Domestic Felid Species under Managed Care

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2376
Author(s):  
Anneke Moresco ◽  
Karina Muñoz ◽  
Federico Gutiérrez ◽  
Leonardo Arias-Bernal ◽  
Enrique Yarto-Jaramillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
High Likelihood ◽  
Taxonomic Distribution ◽  
Taxonomic Level ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Felid Species

As evidenced by numerous case reports from zoos, neoplasia in felids is common, but most reports are limited to Panthera species in North America or Europe. In order to obtain a wider epidemiologic understanding of neoplasia distribution, necropsy records at seven facilities (USA, Mexico, Colombia, Peru, and Brazil) were evaluated. In contrast to others, this study population (195 cases, 16 species), included many non-Panthera felids. Overall neoplasia prevalence was 28.2% (55/195). Panthera species had a higher prevalence of neoplasia than non-Panthera species (52.5%; vs. 13.0%). Lions (66.7%), jaguars (55.0%), and tigers (31.3%) had the highest species-specific prevalence of neoplasia. Neoplasms in Panthera species were more frequently malignant than in non-Panthera (86.1% vs. 55.6%). The systems most commonly affected were the reproductive, hematolymphoid, and respiratory. The range of management conditions and more varied genetic backgrounds support a robust taxonomic pattern and suggest that the reported propensity for neoplasia in jaguars may have a genetic basis at a taxonomic level higher than species, as lions and tigers also have high prevalence. Given the high prevalence of neoplasia and high likelihood of malignancy, routine medical exams in all nondomestic felids, but Panthera species in particular, should include thorough assessments of any clinical signs of neoplasia.

Disk Battery Ingestion: A Simple User-Guide

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmine Petruzziello ◽  
Paolo Maurizio Soave
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Physician ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Flow Chart ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Stable Patient ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Serious Injuries

Introduction: Disk Battery Ingestion (DBI) is a cause of access to the emergency department (ED), especially in pediatric age. This problem, if not well managed, may lead to serious injuries, with several complications involving the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract. Objective: Aim of this review is to analyze the literature of the last 25 years to make a decisional flow-chart that may help the emergency physician. Methods: For this review 36 articles have been analyzed (8 articles and 28 case reports), from 1995 to 2019. Data considered from each study were: year of publication, type of study, population studied, type of battery, timing of ingestion, treatment, outcomes, complications. Results: A decisional flow-chart has been configured. X-ray should be performed as a first step in every stable patient, meanwhile CT scan should be performed in unstable patients. When the battery is still localized in the esophagus, endoscopy should be performed as soon as possible, meanwhile, when the battery is beyond the esophagus, it should be noted its diameter before taking a decision. Conclusion: The use of the flow-chart proposed may reduce the risk of consequences and severe injuries for the patients, helping the emergency physician in his decisional process.

scholarly journals Porcine Gammaherpesviruses in Italian Commercial Swine Population: Frequent but Harmless

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Giovanni Franzo ◽  
Michele Drigo ◽  
Matteo Legnardi ◽  
Laura Grassi ◽  
Maria Luisa Menandro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Swine Population ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Differently from alpha- and betaherpesviruses affecting swine, interest in the recently discovered Suid gammaherpesvirus 3, Suid gammaherpesvirus 4, and Suid gammaherpesvirus 5, also known as porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses (PLHV-1, PLHV-2, and PLHV-3), has largely focused on their role as potential zoonotic agents in cases of xenotransplantation. However, their role as primary pathogens of swine or as co-factors for other lymphotropic infections has essentially been neglected. The present study aims at filling this gap, evaluating the association between PLHVs infection and different clinical conditions and/or porcine circovirus (PCV) co-infection. One hundred seventy-six samples were obtained from different animals located in a high-density pig area of Northern Italy in the period 2017–2020. The presence of PLHVs and PCVs was tested and quantified by specific real-time PCR: PLHVs were widespread among pigs (PLHV-1, PLHV-2, and PLHV-3 prevalence was 28.97%, 10.79%, and 4.54%, respectively) and detected in all considered tissues and clinical conditions. Frequent co-infections were also observed among PLHVs and with PCVs, although a significant association was not detected with the exception of a positive interaction between PLHV-1 and PLHV-3, and a negative one between PLHV-2 and PCV-2. Significantly, no association between PLHVs, alone or in co-infection, emerged with any of the considered clinical signs, their frequency being comparable between healthy and diseased animals. Based on these pieces of evidence and despite their high prevalence, PLHVs’ relevance for the swine industry appears negligible, either as primary pathogens or as predisposing factors for circovirus-induced diseases.

scholarly journals Swine Inflammation and Necrosis Syndrome (SINS)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1670
Author(s):  
Gerald Reiner ◽  
Josef Kuehling ◽  
Frederik Loewenstein ◽  
Mirjam Lechner ◽  
Sabrina Becker
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Tail Damage

Tail biting is a prevalent and undesirable behaviour in pigs and a major source of significant reduction in well-being. However, focusing on biting considers only one part of the solution, because tail damage can be found with a high prevalence without any action by other pigs. The lesions are not limited to the tail but can also be found in the ears, heels, soles, claw coronary bands, teats, navel, vulva, and face. Environmental improvement alone often fails to overcome the problem. This review addresses a new inflammation and necrosis syndrome in swine (SINS). It shows the clinical signs and the frequencies of occurrence in different age groups. It compiles scientific evidence from clinical and histopathological studies in newborn piglets that argue for a primary endogenous aetiology of the disease. Bringing together the findings of a broad body of research, the possible mechanisms leading to the disease are identified and then discussed. This part will especially focus on microbe-associated molecular patterns in the circulation and their role in activating defence mechanisms and inflammation. Finally, the methods are identified to ameliorate the problem by optimizing husbandry and selecting a suitable breeding stock.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Clinical Outcome in Domestic and Wild Cats: A Systematic Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2056
Author(s):  
Sebastian Giraldo-Ramirez ◽  
Santiago Rendon-Marin ◽  
Javier A. Jaimes ◽  
Marlen Martinez-Gutierrez ◽  
Julian Ruiz-Saenz
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Escape Mutants ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Wild Cats ◽  
Multiple Species

Recently, it has been proved that SARS-CoV-2 has the ability to infect multiple species. This work was aimed at identifying the clinical signs of SARS-CoV-2 infection in domestic and wild felids. A PRISMA-based systematic review was performed on case reports on domestic and wild cats, reports on experimental infections, case reports in databases, preprints and published press releases. Descriptive statistical analysis of the data was performed. A total of 256 articles, 63 detailed official reports and 2 press articles on SARS-CoV-2 infection in domestic and wild cats were analyzed, of which 19 articles and 65 reports were finally included. In domestic cats, most cats’ infections are likely to be asymptomatic, and 46% of the reported infected animals were symptomatic and predominantly presented respiratory signs such as sneezing and coughing. In wild felines, respiratory clinical signs were most frequent, and up to 96.5% of the reported affected animals presented coughing. It is noteworthy that, to date, symptomatic animals with SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported to belong to two different subfamilies (Phanterinae and Felinae), with up to five different felid species affected within the Felidae family. Reported results evince that the signs developed in felids show similar progression to those occurring in humans, suggesting a relationship between the viral cycle and target tissues of the virus in different species. While viral transmission to humans in contact with animal populations has not been reported, spill-back could result in the emergence of immune-escape mutants that might pose a risk to public health. Despite the clear results in the identification of the typical clinical picture of SARS-CoV-2 infection in felines, the number of detailed academic reports and papers on the subject is scarce. Therefore, further description of these cases will allow for more accurate and statistically robust clinical approaches in the future.

scholarly journals Applicability of Moyers analysis in mixed dentition: A systematic review

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana de Aguiar Bulhões Galvão ◽  
Gladys Cristina Dominguez ◽  
Sérgio Thomaz Tormin ◽  
Alex Akamine ◽  
André Tortamano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Theoretical Probability ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Mixed Dentition Analysis

INTRODUCTION: Moyers analysis is widely used for analyzing mixed dentition, however, the accuracy of its theoretical probability tables has been recently questioned. Taking into consideration the fact the mixed dentition analysis is of paramount importance to precisely determine the space needed for alignment of canines and premolars, this research aimed at objectively assessing in the literature such an important step for orthodontic diagnosis. METHODS: A computerized search involving articles published on PubMed and Lilacs between 1990 and September, 2011 was conducted in accordance with the method described in the Cochrane 5.1.0 handbook. RESULTS: The research resulted in a sample composed of 629 articles. The inclusion criteria were: Articles using the Moyers analysis with a sample greater or equal to 40 patients. Conversely, the exclusion criteria were: Dental casts of patients with syndromes or oral cleft, researches conducted with a literature review, only, or clinical case reports and researches conducted before 1990. For this systematic review, 19 articles were selected. CONCLUSION: Based on the literature available, we can conclude that the Moyers mixed dentition analysis must be carefully used, since the majority of the articles analyzed showed that the probability of 75% was not as accurate as expected, leading to the need of adapting the probability levels depending on the study population.

Lesions of the Biceps Tendon Diagnosis and Classification

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bardet
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Shoulder Arthroscopy ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Biceps Tendon ◽  
Adhesive Capsulitis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Biceps Tendon Rupture

SummaryThis paper presents the clinical signs, radiographic and arthroscopic findings in 23 dogs and a cat having a lesion of the biceps tendon. Several conditions were recognized: partial or complete rupture; avulsion of the biceps tendon from the supraglenoid tubercle, tendinitis, mid-substance tear, bipartite tendon, dislocations and tenosynovitis of the bicipital tendon. Osteoarthritis of the shoulder joint was seen in 84% of the cases and osteophytosis of the bicipital groove was recognized in 38%. Biceps tendon rupture was associated with shoulder joint instability 76% of the time. Shoulder arthroscopy is a very reliable diagnostic method allowing direct visualization of intra-articular pathologies.In man, the tendon of the biceps brachii is the proverbial stepchild of the shoulder. It has been blamed for numerous painful conditions of the shoulder from arthritis to adhesive capsulitis. Kessell described the tendon as “somewhat of a maverick, easy to inculpate but difficult to condemn (1). Its function has been often misunderstood. It has been tenodesed, translocated, pulled through drill holes in the humeral head, and debrided with an arthroscope, oftentimes with marginal results”. Lippmann likened the biceps tendon to the appendix: “An unimportant vestigial structure unless something goes wrong with it” (2). Neer II has stressed the fact that 95 to 98 per cent of patients with a diagnosis of biceps tendinitis have, in reality, a primary diagnosis of impingement syndrome with secondary involvement of the biceps tendon (3). He has condemned routine biceps tenodesis.The veterinary literature on the biceps tendon in dogs is sparse (4-8). Tenosynovitis of the biceps tendon is “a common cause of forelimb lameness in medium and large breed dogs” (7). “Definitive diagnosis of bicipital tenosynovitis is often not possible, and the diagnosis is backed into by eliminating other causes of lameness. Proof of the diagnosis often depends on response to treatment” (7). There are not any reviews of cases of rupture of the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle except for anecdotal case reports (7). Arthrography has been described as diagnostic of rupture (10, 11). Calcifying tendinopathy of the biceps tendon was seen on radiographic views of the scapulohumeral joint in four dogs (9). Twodimensional real-time ultrasonography was found helpful in the diagnosis of strain of the infraspinatus muscle in a dog (12).This paper reviews the pertinent anatomy, explains the function of the biceps tendon, and presents a review of current concepts on the diagnosis of lesions of the biceps tendon.The author presents the clinical signs, radiographic and arthroscopic finding of the disorders of the biceps tendon seen in 25 shoulders. All biceps tendon lesions may be classified in one of the six subtypes. Partial or complete tears are the most frequent pathology. Degenerative joint disease is seen in 84% of the shoulders.

scholarly journals Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: how to diagnose and when to perform genetic tests

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenda Sobey
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Connective Tissue Disorders ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Danlos Syndrome

The term Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS) encompasses a group of inherited connective tissue disorders. The manifestations of EDS can be seen in skin, joints, blood vessels and internal organs and vary from mild to severe and life threatening. Each subtype is a separate and different condition. The genetic basis of many subtypes has now been elucidated, confirming heterogeneity. An awareness of the different conditions within this group is the starting point towards accurate diagnosis. Accurate elicitation of history and clinical signs is vital in selecting the correct confirmatory investigation. Skin biopsy with electron microscopy can be helpful in the decision process of whether and when to perform genetic testing. Correct diagnosis within the EDSs allows targeted management, family screening and prenatal diagnosis.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictors of Overweight and Obesity among Somalis in Norway and Somaliland: A Comparative Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheir H. Ahmed ◽  
Haakon E. Meyer ◽  
Marte K. Kjøllesdal ◽  
Ahmed A. Madar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Somali Immigrants ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Study Population ◽  
High Bmi

Background and Aim. The knowledge about the health status of Somalis in Norway and Somaliland is limited. This paper reports the results of a comparative study on the prevalence and predictors of overweight/obesity among Somalis in Norway and Somaliland. Method. We conducted two cross-sectional studies using the same tools and procedures, between 2015 and 2016. The study population was adults aged 20–69 years (n=1110 (Somaliland) and n=220 (Norway)). Results. The prevalence of obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2) was 44% and 31% in women in Norway and Somaliland, respectively. In contrast, the prevalence of obesity was low in men (9% in Norway; 6% in Somaliland). Although the prevalence of high BMI was higher in Somali women in Norway than women in Somaliland, both groups had the same prevalence of central obesity (waist circumference (WC) ≥ 88 cm). In men, the prevalence of central obesity (WC ≥ 102 cm) was lower in Somaliland than in Norway. For women in Somaliland, high BMI was associated with lower educational level and being married. Conclusion. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is high among Somali immigrants in Norway, but also among women in Somaliland. The high prevalence of overweight and obesity, particularly among women, calls for long-term prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Bird Lice (Mallophaga, Philopteridae, Menoponidae) of Domestic Pigeons on Specialized Pigeon Breeding Farms in Poltava

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. O. Kolomak ◽  
O. V. Kruchynenko
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Host Body ◽  
Closed Type ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Domestic Pigeons ◽  
Pigeon Breeding

Abstract The species composition of pigeon lice parasitic on pigeons of ornamental breeds on the specialized closed-type farm (Poltava) was studied. Five species of these ectoparasites were registered: Columbicola columbae Linnaeus, 1758, Campanulotes compar Burmeister, 1838, (Philopteridae, Ischnocera), Bonomiella columbae Emerson, 1957, Hohorstiella lata Piaget, 1880 and Neocolpocephalus turbinatum (Denny, 1842) (Menoponidae, Amblycera). For each species, the data on infection prevalence, intensity and abundance were obtained. High prevalence of infection was registered for all pigeon lice species, while the intensity and, especially, the abundance were considerably different. C. columbae turned out to be the most abundant. B. columbae was rather common. The peculiarities of pigeon lice species localization on the host body were investigated. During the intensive infection of pigeons with lice, the complex of clinical signs is manifested, which testifies about considerable effect of these parasites on the host. The highest pathogenicity is characteristic for H. lata, which usually feeds on blood and lymph.

scholarly journals Clinical signs of trachoma are prevalent among Solomon Islanders who have no persistent markers of prior infection with Chlamydia trachomatis

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Robert Butcher ◽  
Oliver Sokana ◽  
Kelvin Jack ◽  
Leslie Sui ◽  
Charles Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The low population-prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis and high prevalence of trachomatous inflammation–follicular (TF) provide contradictory estimates of the magnitude of the public health threat from trachoma in the Solomon Islands. Improved characterisation of the biology of trachoma in the region may support policy makers as they decide what interventions are required. Here, age-specific profiles of anti-Pgp3 antibodies and conjunctival scarring were examined to determine whether there is evidence of ongoing transmission and pathology from ocular Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection. Methods: A total of 1511 individuals aged ≥1 year were enrolled from randomly selected households in 13 villages in which >10% of children aged 1–9 years had TF prior to a single round of azithromycin mass drug administration undertaken six months previously. Blood was collected to be screened for antibodies to the Ct antigen Pgp3. Tarsal conjunctival photographs were collected for analysis of scarring severity. Results: Anti-Pgp3 seropositivity was 18% in 1–9 year olds, sharply increasing around the age of sexual debut to reach 69% in those over 25 years. Anti-Pgp3 seropositivity did not increase significantly between the ages of 1–9 years and was not associated with TF (p=0.581) or scarring in children (p=0.472). Conjunctival scars were visible in 13.1% of photographs. Mild (p<0.0001) but not severe (p=0.149) scars increased in prevalence with age. Conclusions: Neither conjunctival scars nor lymphoid follicles were associated with antibodies to Ct, suggesting that they are unlikely to be a direct result of ocular Ct infection. Clinical signs of trachoma were prevalent in this population but were not indicative of the underlying rates of Ct infection. The current World Health Organization guidelines for trachoma elimination indicated that this population should receive intervention with mass distribution of antibiotics, but the data presented here suggest that this may not have been appropriate.

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