scholarly journals Descriptive Pathological Study of Avian Schistosomes Infection in Whooper Swans (Cygnus cygnus) in Japan

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2361
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Ahmed ◽  
Reda E. Khalafalla ◽  
Ashraf Al-Brakati ◽  
Tokuma Yanai ◽  
Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
Keyword(s):  
Villous Atrophy ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Bile Pigments ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
Avian Schistosomes ◽  
Human Infections

Cercarial dermatitis, or Swimmer’s itch, is one of the emerging diseases caused by the cercariae of water-borne schistosomes, mainly Trichobilharzia spp. Since the zoonotic potential of Allobilharzia visceralis is still unknown, studies on this schistosome would be helpful to add knowledge on its possible role in causing human infections. In the present study, 54 whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) from rescue/rehabilitation centers in Honshu, Japan, were necropsied to identify the cause of death. Grossly, 33 (61.11%) swans were severely emaciated and 23 (42.59%) had multiple reddened areas throughout the length of the intestine with no worms detected in the internal organs. Microscopically, adult schistosomes were found in the lumen of the mesenteric, serosal, portal, and testicular veins, in the capillaries of the intestinal lamina propria, and in the sinusoids of the adrenal gland, spleen, and liver of 23 (42.59%) swans. Hypertrophy of veins containing adult worms was identified in 15 (27.77%) swans, and vascular lumen obliteration was observed in 8 (14.81%) swans. Mild to severe villous atrophy and superficial enteritis were observed in 8 birds (14.81%), whereas bile pigments and hemosiderin were detected in the livers of 14 (25.92%) and 18 (33.33%) swans, respectively. In three swans (5.55%), schistosome parasites were found in the subcapsular veins of the testes. The schistosomes in the present study were assumed to be A. visceralis based on the microscopical and histological evidence of adult schistosomes found in the lumen of veins as well as the infection pathology, which was very similar to the schistosome-induced pathology previously reported in swans infected by A. visceralis in Europe and Australia. The swans examined herein most likely died from obstructive phlebitis associated with A. visceralis, but further molecular confirmation is required for identification of this species. However, the present study does not provide new data on the zoonotic potential, but only on the pathogenic potential of this schistosome in swans. Furthermore, our study provides a novel contribution to the description of the pathological effects of avian schistosomes infection in whooper swans in Japan.

scholarly journals Plasmid analysis ofSalmonella enteritidisisolated from human gastroenteritis cases and from epidemiologically associated poultry flocks

1993 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Dorn ◽  
R. Silapanuntakul ◽  
E. J. Angrick ◽  
L. D. Shipman
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Fragment Pattern ◽  
Plasmid Analysis ◽  
Commercial Flock ◽  
Restriction Fragment Pattern ◽  
Human Infections

SummaryPlasmid analysis ofSalmonella enteritidisisolates from human gastroenteritis cases and from two commercial egg-producing poultry flocks was performed to determine if the poultry flocks were the source of the human infections. The plasmid profile and restriction fragment pattern (fingerprint) of fiveS. enteritidisisolates from human cases matched those of nine isolates from internal organs of egg-laying hens in one flock which was the source of eggs consumed by the cases. Another commercial flock was epidemiologically associated as the source of eggs consumed by affected persons in four separate gastroenteritis outbreaks from whichS. enteritidisisolates were available. FiveS. enteritidisisolates from human cases in these four outbreaks had the same profile and fingerprint, and they all matched those of the 24 isolates from hens in this flock. These results provide further documentation of egg-borne transmission ofS. enteritidisto humans.

Fish-borne nematodiases in South America: neglected emerging diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 649-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Eiras ◽  
G.C. Pavanelli ◽  
R.M. Takemoto ◽  
Y. Nawa
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
South American ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Raw Fish ◽  
Human Infections

AbstractFish-borne zoonotic nematodes may infect humans when fish or squid are ingested raw or inadequately cooked. Human infections may have serious consequences, including the unexpected deaths of infected people. This kind of disease is poorly known in general, and the characteristics of such infections in South American countries as a whole have never been assessed. In this paper the present status of fish-borne nematodiases in humans in South American countries is characterized. Potentially zoonotic nematode species are very common in both freshwater and marine fish in South America. Reports of human infections have only been found in some countries, and their incidence (especially with anisakids andGnathostomaspp.) varies from country to country. Apparently they are more abundant in countries with strong traditions of eating raw fish, and are more frequent on the western coast of South America. So far fish-borne nematodes have been reported in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. In recent years, cases of human infection have appeared in probably underestimated numbers. People need to be clearly informed about risky feeding habits, and physicians need to learn more about zoonotic diseases.

scholarly journals Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae as a cause of urinary tract infection in a diabetic woman: A case report and review of literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashik Bansal ◽  
Vibhor Tak ◽  
Vijaya Lakshmi Nag
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Diabetic Woman ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Streptococcus Dysgalactiae ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Automated Methods

Group C Streptococci comprises of Streptococcus dysgalatiae that is further divided into two subspecies, namely S. dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis and S. dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae. S. dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae is mainly an animal pathogen but few cases of human infections have been described in the literature. A 40 year old patient presented to the hospital with complaints of pain in pelvis and suprapubic area. Urine sample of the patient was subjected to microscopy and culture for isolation and identification of the etiological agent. S. dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae was identified from the clinical specimen of the patient by conventional and automated methods. The patient was successfully treated with third generation cephalosporin. With newer or rarely reported pathogens causing human diseases and increase in number of immunocompromised individuals in the population, the pathogenic potential of such isolates should not be undermined and a careful correlation with the clinical profile should help guide a clinician in optimum treatment of the patient.

scholarly journals Research of parasites with zoonotic potential for humans in skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa Maia de Aquino ◽  
Gracienhe Gomes dos Santos ◽  
Maur´ício Laterça Martins ◽  
Vildes Maria Scussel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Fish Parasites ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Skipjack Tuna ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Katsuwonus Pelamis ◽  
Tropical Waters ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites

The skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) is commonly found in the tropical waters of the oceans. It is a fishing resource of high economic value and available for national and international markets. Therefore, it is important to know the fish parasites for a correct sanitary inspection, as the pathogenesis in humans can occur through spoliative, toxic or mechanical action. This study aimed to identify the zoonotic parasitic fauna that infects the beautiful-striped using morphological methods. A total of 06 samples were analyzed. The fish were necropsied for parasitological evaluation of the musculature and internal organs. The samples were visually inspected and the structures with morphology combining with parasitic shapes were analyzed both in stereoscopic and microscope. The parasites found were fixed in 70% alcohol for later identification. All samples showed the presence of zoonotic parasites for humans. Two genera of zoonotic parasites have been found for humans that have beautiful tuna as their hosts, namely Anisakis sp. (Nematoda) and Trypanorhyncha (Eucestoda). A 100% of the infections occurred in the muscles and 66.6% in the liver. The results reinforced the importance of inspection by responsible organisms on the importance of evisceration as quickly as possible to avoid migration of larvae to the muscle.

scholarly journals Yellow nail syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
A. V. Motorina ◽  
T. G. Ruksha
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Bile Pigments ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Yellow Nail Syndrome ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Close Relationship

Yellow nail syndrome is an extremely rare syndrome, mainly in people over 50 years of age, occurring both systemically and in isolation and requiring the most careful collection of anamnesis, since this condition has a close relationship with respiratory diseases, malignant neoplasms of internal organs and rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, this rare disease is not sufficiently studied to fully understand its pathogenesis and effective treatment. Patients pay attention to the yellow color of the nails, associated with the deposition of melanin, bile pigments and hemosiderin in the submarginal space, slowing down the growth and thickening of the nail. It should be noted that the change in the nail plates can be observed long before the other clinical manifestations of this syndrome are detected, and probably this can in some cases serve as a harbinger of incipient changes in the lung tissue, neoplasms and changes in the lymphatic vessels. In this regard, it is extremely important to clearly differentiate this condition and refer patients to related specialists for verification of the diagnosis and further treatment.

scholarly journals Study of important moulds isolated from milk and its products in Baghdad – with experimental study the pathogenesis of Aspergillus Fumigatus moulds in mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Bushra I. Al-Kaisie
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Group Control

This study was designed to isolate and identify the type of moulds and theirpercentage of distribution with pathological study of highly moulds isolated from(130)samples were included in this study with divided into (30)samples driedmilk,(30).samples baby food ,(30)samples raw milk , (40) samples dairy products .The results revealed the percentage of infection according to total count ofisolation in raw milk were 100 % dairy product 65 %. The most common fungiisolated from raw milk were Asp.niger of 16.2 % Asp. fumigatus of 15 % Asp.flavusof 13.7 % Pencillium spp. 12.5 % . From dairy products were isolated withpercentage of Asp. Fumigatus 34.9% Geotrichum spp . of 23 % ,Asp. nager of 11.5% . Pathological study was carried out to investigate the clinical signs with grosslyand Histopathological changes inoculated with most pathogenic moulds Asp.fumigatus (30)male white swiss mice were used in this study and divided into fourgroups . The first group were injected I/P with 0.2 ml of Asp. fumigatus containing1X105 spores / ml , 4th group (control)given orally 0.2 ml of PBs.Two mice fromeach treated groups and one from each control group were scarified on week (1,2,3,4).the clinical manifestation of the 1st group were at 2nd week showed dyspnea .Mouldisolated from blood and internal organs at third week , with no isolation from 3rdgroup. The Histopathological observations showed presence of degeneration ,necrosis and diffused granuloma in liver, lung , spleen , kidney and hemorrhage withthrombosis in brain and intestine .

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Bartonella alsatica Strain IBS 382 (CIP 105477)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arno Thibau ◽  
Tilman G. Schultze ◽  
Wibke Ballhorn ◽  
Volkhard A. J. Kempf
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Smrt Sequencing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Future Work

ABSTRACT Bartonella alsatica causes bacteremia in rabbits and, rarely, human infections. Here, we announce the complete and closed genome of B. alsatica IBS 382 (CIP 105477), generated by long-read Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing. The availability of this genome sequence allows future work on understanding the zoonotic potential of this pathogen.

scholarly journals Predictors of zoonotic potential in helminths

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1837) ◽  
pp. 20200356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ania A. Majewska ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Barbara Han ◽  
John M. Drake
Keyword(s):  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Considerable Cost ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Human Infections

Helminths are parasites that cause disease at considerable cost to public health and present a risk for emergence as novel human infections. Although recent research has elucidated characteristics conferring a propensity to emergence in other parasite groups (e.g. viruses), the understanding of factors associated with zoonotic potential in helminths remains poor. We applied an investigator-directed learning algorithm to a global dataset of mammal helminth traits to identify factors contributing to spillover of helminths from wild animal hosts into humans. We characterized parasite traits that distinguish between zoonotic and non-zoonotic species with 91% accuracy. Results suggest that helminth traits relating to transmission (e.g. definitive and intermediate hosts) and geography (e.g. distribution) are more important to discriminating zoonotic from non-zoonotic species than morphological or epidemiological traits. Whether or not a helminth causes infection in companion animals (cats and dogs) is the most important predictor of propensity to cause human infection. Finally, we identified helminth species with high modelled propensity to cause zoonosis (over 70%) that have not previously been considered to be of risk. This work highlights the importance of prioritizing studies on the transmission of helminths that infect pets and points to the risks incurred by close associations with these animals. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Infectious disease macroecology: parasite diversity and dynamics across the globe’.

scholarly journals Wildlife Is a Potential Source of Human Infections of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in Southeastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Rongsheng Mi ◽  
Lijuan Yang ◽  
Haiyan Gong ◽  
Chunzhong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Genomic Dnas ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Group 1

Wildlife is known to be a source of high-impact pathogens affecting people. However, the distribution, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Giardia duodenalis in wildlife are poorly understood. Here, we conducted the first molecular epidemiological investigation of these three pathogens in wildlife in Zhejiang and Shanghai, China. Genomic DNAs were derived from 182 individual fecal samples from wildlife and then subjected to a nested polymerase chain reaction–based sequencing approach for detection and characterization. Altogether, 3 (1.6%), 21 (11.5%), and 48 (26.4%) specimens tested positive for Cryptosporidium species, E. bieneusi, and G. duodenalis, respectively. Sequence analyses revealed five known (BEB6, D, MJ13, SC02, and type IV) and two novel (designated SH_ch1 and SH_deer1) genotypes of E. bieneusi. Phylogenetically, novel E. bieneusi genotype SH_deer1 fell into group 6, and the other genotypes were assigned to group 1 with zoonotic potential. Three novel Cryptosporidium genotypes (Cryptosporidium avian genotype V-like and C. galli-like 1 and 2) were identified, C. galli-like 1 and 2 formed a clade that was distinct from Cryptosporidium species. The genetic distinctiveness of these two novel genotypes suggests that they represent a new species of Cryptosporidium. Zoonotic assemblage A (n = 36) and host-adapted assemblages C (n = 1) and E (n = 7) of G. duodenalis were characterized. The overall results suggest that wildlife act as host reservoirs carrying zoonotic E. bieneusi and G. duodenalis, potentially enabling transmission from wildlife to humans and other animals.

scholarly journals Disorders caused by contaminated fish meat consumption: Literature review / Doenças causadas por consume de carne de peixe contaminada: Revisão de literatura

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 113999-114012
Author(s):  
Sônia dos Santos Toriani ◽  
Eduardo Manoel Pereira ◽  
Daniela Delwing-de Lima ◽  
Therezinha Maria Novais De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Meat Intake ◽  
Fish Meat ◽  
Gastrointestinal Problems ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Significant Health ◽  
Control Study

Between 2007 and 2017, Brazil registered 99,826 outbreaks of foodborne diseases and 0.84% of those were associated with fish meat intake. It is estimated that approximately 56 million infection cases occur worldwide due to raw or undercooked fish meat containing several disease-causing parasites. Hence, this study aimed to review the literature concerning diseases caused by ingestion of contaminated fish meat. Reviews, case reports and epidemiologic studies were searched in Portuguese, Spanish and English in the databases LILACS, Pubmed, Science Direct, SciElo and Scholar Google using as keywords: transmissive diseases, contaminated fish and human infections were used to retrieve papers from 2014 to 2020. Nine papers, including seven reviews, one case report and one case-control study fulfilled inclusion criteria and presented several consequences of contaminated raw or undercooked fish meat ingestion, which ranged from nemathode, bacterial and toxin diseases that may cause gastrointestinal problems to allergic reactions, lung infection, endemic acute myalgia, bacteremia, meningitis and death. Growing fish meat intake in several dishes presents significant health risk due to the pathogenic potential of toxins and parasites that remain when food is consumed raw or undercooked. Tighter sanitary surveillance, population health education, training and sensitization of health professionals in recognizing and notifying cases might contribute to minimize risk.

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