scholarly journals Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction and Metabolic Syndrome in Donkeys

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2335
Author(s):  
Heidrun Gehlen ◽  
Bianca Schwarz ◽  
Claus Bartmann ◽  
Jennifer Gernhardt ◽  
Sabita D. Stöckle
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Trh Test ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

Appropriate medical care for donkeys is challenging despite being important working animals in non-industrialized countries and pets in first world countries. Although the same principles of diagnosis and therapy as in horses are commonly applied, there are differences in reference values and physiologic reaction to dynamic tests. However, donkeys seem to suffer from typical equine diseases, such as metabolic syndrome and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID). Asinine metabolic syndrome (AMS) comprises obesity, insulin dysregulation, and laminitis. The principles of diagnosis are similar to horses. Donkey-specific reference ranges for insulin and glucose have been evaluated previously. Examinations regarding dynamic testing revealed differences in the intravenous glucose tolerance test and the combined insulin tolerance test compared to horses. The therapy of AMS is based mainly on weight loss and exercise. There are conflicting data regarding the incidence of PPID in donkeys. Laminitis and hypertrichosis were described as the main clinical signs. Species-specific and seasonal reference ranges were defined to diagnose PPID in donkeys. Furthermore, the dexamethasone suppression test, the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) test and the combined dexamethasone suppression/TRH test were evaluated. Pergolide is commonly recommended for treatment.

scholarly journals SUN-663 Dietary Coconut Oil Mitigates Features of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Females

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra Skenandore ◽  
Anisah Ali ◽  
Lesly Gil ◽  
Rani Schwartz ◽  
Camille Goblet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Intravenous Glucose

Abstract Forty percent of American women are obese and at risk for metabolic syndrome. Coconut oil alters circulating lipid levels and improves glucose homeostasis in lean individuals, yet, whether it can exert these same beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health in obese individuals is unknown. We hypothesized that female pigs fed a high fat diet with 5% coconut oil would have improvements in features of metabolic syndrome (i.e., dyslipidemia) compared to female mini-pigs fed a high fat diet with 5% lard. We fed female pigs 2200 kcal of a control (n=6), 5000 kcal of a lard high fat (WSD; n=5), or 5000 kcal of a coconut oil high fat (COC; n=6) diet for a total of 9 estrous cycles (~ 7.5 months). Fasting blood was collected at the 1st, 7th (C 7), and 9th (C 9) estrous cycle. After C 7, an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed. Weights and morphometric measurements were taken weekly. Tissue was collected for histology at C 9. WSD females (15.14 ± 1.85 mg/dL) had a greater increase in fasting glucose as compared to COC (3.51 ± 4.31 mg/dL) and C females (0.45 ± 3.32 mg/dL; p<0.05). COC females tended to be more glucose tolerant (p=0.07) and had lower serum insulin concentrations in response to a glucose bolus (p<0.001) than WSD females. COC (82.6 ± 1.1 kg) and WSD females (85.4 ± 1.0 kg) weighed more (C: 61.9 ± 1.1 kg; p<0.0001) and had larger abdominal circumferences (COC: 122.4 ± 0.8 cm; WSD: 117.4 ± 1.0 cm) than control females (102.6 ± 1.0 cm; p<0.0001). WSD females were the most dyslipidemic, with the greatest increase in triglycerides (C: 0.33 ± 1.5 mg/dL; COC: 7.71 ± 3.0 mg/dL; WSD: 17.25 ± 3.0 mg/dL; p=0.03) and HDL:cholesterol (C: 3.44 ± 0.22; COC: 5.00 ± 0.36; WSD: 6.00 ± 0.42; p=0.05) as compared control and COC females. COC females had increased plasma docosahexaenoic acid (C: -0.128 ± 0.291; COC: 0.262 ± 0.260; WSD: -0.732 ± 0.274; p<0.01) and decreased arachidonic acid (C: 2.418 ± 0.744; COC: -4.561 ± 0.666; WSD: -2.068 ± 0.702; p<0.01). COC females (131.26 ± 10.0 μm) had a decreased average omental adipocyte diameter as compared to WSD females (160.06 ± 10.31 μm; p=0.05). COC females (7.3 ± 0.80 %) had less hepatic lipid accumulation as measured by oil red o stain than WSD females (9.2 ± 1.1 %; p=0.05). These data demonstrate that small amounts of dietary coconut oil, even as a part of a high fat diet, can mitigate features of metabolic syndrome and decrease hepatic and visceral adipose tissue lipid accumulation in obese females.

APPLICATION DE LA DOUBLE ÉPREUVE D'HYPERGLYCÉMIE INTRAVEINEUSE À L'ÉTUDE DU DIABÈTE

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (II) ◽  
pp. 157-167
Author(s):  
T. Rodari ◽  
G. Specchia
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Assimilation

ABSTRACT The double intravenous glucose tolerance test does not modify the assimilation coefficient in normal and thin diabetic subjects. On the contrary, in fat diabetic subjects the second coefficient of assimilation increases significantly, but not the first one. From these researches it is evident that the valuation of glucose assimilation by double venous hyperglycaemic test indicates the functional behaviour of the pancreas in different diabetic states. The interpretation of this behaviour of pancreatic islet response to the double venous hyperglycaemic test is discussed.

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