scholarly journals The Use of Hides during and after Calving in New Zealand Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2255
Author(s):  
Gosia Zobel ◽  
Kathryn Proudfoot ◽  
Vanessa Cave ◽  
Frances Huddart ◽  
James Webster
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Practice Phase ◽  
Group Settings ◽  
Cow Calf

Isolation during calving is a common dairy cow behavior, however it has not been examined in large outdoor group settings. The provision of “hides” was monitored for its impact on calving location and cow–calf behavior. Stocking density and bedding management were either controlled (Phase 1) or managed according to farm practice (Phase 2). Hides were used for calving by 18% (Phase 1) and 22% (Phase 2) of the cows; a further 59% and 44% of cows moved into the hides after calving (Phase 1 and 2, respectively). When hides were not available, cows calved near the edges of the calving area. In Phase 2, as stocking density increased, cows tended to use the hides less. Older cows were less likely to isolate regardless of management. Cow–calf interaction with other cows and calves was lower when hides were available. There was no evidence that hides reduced incorrect matching of cows and calves by staff, however cases of “mismothering” (i.e., calves being taken by other dams) were observed. Since the majority of cows used the hides at some stage before or after calving, we suggest opportunities for seclusion should be provided in large calving groups.

The effect of restricted suckling and non-suckling systems on dairy cow and calf behaviour

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 128-128
Author(s):  
J. K. Margerison ◽  
C. J. C. Phillips ◽  
T. R. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cow Calf

Artificial rearing necessitates stressful cow-calf separation (Lefcourt and Elsasser, 1995; Hopster et al, 1995) and precipitates cross-suckling (Lidfors, 1993). Thus, suckling systems may improve the welfare of cows and calves, by alleviating 'stressful' cows-calf separation and satiating suckling motivation. The aim of this experiment was to compare behaviour in cows and calves in restricted suckling and non-suckling systems.Thirty six multiparous dairy cows and calves were divided at 4 days postpartum into three groups. The treatment groups were; non-suckled (NS) cows with calves artificially reared (AR), cows suckled by their own calf (RSM) and cows suckled by a foster calf (RSF). Suckling took place for 15 minutes following mechanical milking only.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the respiratory response to hemorrhage in the conscious, New Zealand white rabbit

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (5) ◽  
pp. R1963-R1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel R. Strittmatter ◽  
James C. Schadt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Respiratory Response ◽  
Conscious Animals

In conscious animals, the response to hemorrhage is biphasic. During phase 1, arterial pressure is maintained. Phase 2 is characterized by profound hypotension. Despite allied roles, less is known about the integrated cardiovascular and respiratory response to blood loss in conscious animals. We evaluated cardiorespiratory changes during hemorrhage to test the hypotheses that 1) respiratory rate (RR) and blood gases do not change during phase 1; 2) RR increases during phase 2; and 3) RR and blood gas changes during hemorrhage are similar in males and females. We measured mean arterial pressure, RR, and blood gases during hemorrhage in 16 conscious, chronically prepared, male and female New Zealand white rabbits. We removed venous blood until mean arterial pressure was ≤40 mmHg. Sex did not affect mean arterial pressure, heart rate, PaO2, PaCO2, or pH during hemorrhage or the blood loss required to induce phase 2. PaCO2 decreased significantly from 37 ± 1 to 33 ± 1 and 29 ± 1 mmHg ( P < 0.001) during phase 1 and 2, respectively. Before hemorrhage, PaO2 was 87 ± 2 mmHg. PaO2 was unchanged in phase 1 (92 ± 2 mmHg) but increased in phase 2 (101 ± 2 mmHg; P < 0.001). Body temperature, PvCO2 (thoracic vena cava), and ventilation-perfusion mismatch (A-a gradient) were unchanged during phases 1 and 2. Neither sex increased RR during phase 1. While males doubled RR during phase 2, RR in females did not change ( P < 0.001). Thus, while PaCO2 decreases in phase 1 and phase 2, the decreases are achieved in different ways across the two phases and in the two sexes.

scholarly journals Assessing Sunscreen Protection Using UV Photography: Descriptive Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Horsham ◽  
Helen Ford ◽  
Jeremy Herbert ◽  
Alexander Wall ◽  
Sebastian Walpole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
The Public ◽  
Uv Photography ◽  
Clinical Trials Registry

BACKGROUND Photography using a UV transmitting filter allows UV light to pass and can be used to illuminate UV blocking lotions such as sunscreens. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to compare currently available UV photography cameras and assess whether these devices can be used as visualization tools for adequate coverage of sun protection lotions. METHODS This study was conducted in 3 parts: in phase 1, 3 different UV cameras were tested; in phase 2, we explored whether UV photography could work on a range of sun protection products; and in phase 3, a UV webcam was developed and was field-tested in a beach setting. In phase 1, volunteers were recruited, and researchers applied 3 sun protection products (ranging from sun protection factor [SPF] 15 to 50+) to the participants’ faces and arms. UV photography was performed using 3 UV cameras, and the subsequent images were compared. In phase 2, volunteers were recruited and asked to apply their own SPF products to their faces in their usual manner. UV photographs were collected in the morning and afternoon to assess whether the coverage remained over time. Qualitative interviews were conducted to assess the participants’ level of satisfaction with the UV image. In phase 3, a small portable UV webcam was designed using a plug-and-play approach to enable the viewing of UV images on a larger screen. The developed webcam was deployed at a public beach setting for use by the public for 7 days. RESULTS The 3 UV camera systems tested during phase 1 identified the application of a range of sun protection lotions of SPF 15 to 50+. The sensitivity of the UV camera devices was shown to be adequate, with SPF-containing products applied at concentrations of 2 and 1 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> clearly visible and SPF-containing products applied at a concentration of 0.4 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> having lower levels of coverage. Participants in phase 2 reported high satisfaction with the UV photography images, with 83% (29/35) of participants likely to use UV photography in the future. During phase 2, it was noted that many participants used tinted SPF-containing cosmetics, and several tinted products were further tested. However, it was observed that UV photography could not identify the areas missed for all tinted products. During phase 3, the electrical components of the UV webcam remained operational, and the camera was used 233 times by the public during field-testing. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that UV photography could identify the areas missed by sun protection lotions with chemical filters, and participants were engaged with personalized feedback. CLINICALTRIAL Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12619000975190; http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=377089 ; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12619000145101; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=376672.

scholarly journals PSII-5 Carcass characteristics and growth performance of market pigs fed reduced lysine diets in bedded hoop barns

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 229-230
Author(s):  
Peter J Lammers ◽  
Chad A Stahl ◽  
Mark S Honeyman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
P Value ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Des Moines

Abstract A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design was used to compare the effect of SID Lys:ME concentration (current vs. reduced), stocking density (1.30 vs. 4.05 m2/pig), and harvest month (August vs. March) on pigs raised in bedded hoop barns in Western Iowa. For each harvest month, 420 pigs produced from the mating of Duroc boars (Choice Genetics; West Des Moines, IA) to Camborough females (PIC; Hendersonville, TN) were sorted into 12 pens. Six pens were inside 3 large-scale (9.1 × 18.3 m) hoop barns and were stocked with 64 pigs/pen (32 barrows and 32 gilts; 1.30 m2/ pig). Six pens were inside 3 small-scale (6.0 × 10.8 m) hoop barns and were stocked with 6 pigs/pen (3 barrows and 3 gilts; 4.05 m2/pig). Within each stocking density, pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 diets which were fed in 2 phases. Corn-soybean meal diets were formulated to deliver 2.94 or 2.34 g SID Lys per Mcal ME in phase 1 (72.6–95.0 kg) and 2.34 or 1.76 g SID Lys per Mcal ME in phase 2 (> 95.0 kg). Pigs were individually weighed every 28 days and feed disappearance was recorded. When pigs in a pen averaged 129.3 kg the entire pen of pigs were harvested. A single chop (last-rib location; 2.54 cm thick) was collected from each carcass to assess pork quality. Pigs harvested in the summer grew faster, more efficiently, and with more intramuscular fat than those harvested in winter (P-value ≤ 0.05) but had lower 10th rib pH (P-value < 0.0001). Pigs allotted 4.05 m2/pig grew more efficiently but had reduced last rib pH as compared to pigs stocked at 1.30 m2/pig (P-value < 0.05). Reducing SID Lys:ME did not impact growth performance or carcass characteristics (P-value > 0.10). Lower concentrations of SID Lys:ME may be adequate for pigs housed in bedded hoop barns but further study is warranted.

scholarly journals Assessing Sunscreen Protection Using UV Photography: Descriptive Study

10.2196/24653 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e24653
Author(s):  
Caitlin Horsham ◽  
Helen Ford ◽  
Jeremy Herbert ◽  
Alexander Wall ◽  
Sebastian Walpole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
The Public ◽  
Uv Photography ◽  
Clinical Trials Registry

Background Photography using a UV transmitting filter allows UV light to pass and can be used to illuminate UV blocking lotions such as sunscreens. Objective The aim of this study is to compare currently available UV photography cameras and assess whether these devices can be used as visualization tools for adequate coverage of sun protection lotions. Methods This study was conducted in 3 parts: in phase 1, 3 different UV cameras were tested; in phase 2, we explored whether UV photography could work on a range of sun protection products; and in phase 3, a UV webcam was developed and was field-tested in a beach setting. In phase 1, volunteers were recruited, and researchers applied 3 sun protection products (ranging from sun protection factor [SPF] 15 to 50+) to the participants’ faces and arms. UV photography was performed using 3 UV cameras, and the subsequent images were compared. In phase 2, volunteers were recruited and asked to apply their own SPF products to their faces in their usual manner. UV photographs were collected in the morning and afternoon to assess whether the coverage remained over time. Qualitative interviews were conducted to assess the participants’ level of satisfaction with the UV image. In phase 3, a small portable UV webcam was designed using a plug-and-play approach to enable the viewing of UV images on a larger screen. The developed webcam was deployed at a public beach setting for use by the public for 7 days. Results The 3 UV camera systems tested during phase 1 identified the application of a range of sun protection lotions of SPF 15 to 50+. The sensitivity of the UV camera devices was shown to be adequate, with SPF-containing products applied at concentrations of 2 and 1 mg/cm2 clearly visible and SPF-containing products applied at a concentration of 0.4 mg/cm2 having lower levels of coverage. Participants in phase 2 reported high satisfaction with the UV photography images, with 83% (29/35) of participants likely to use UV photography in the future. During phase 2, it was noted that many participants used tinted SPF-containing cosmetics, and several tinted products were further tested. However, it was observed that UV photography could not identify the areas missed for all tinted products. During phase 3, the electrical components of the UV webcam remained operational, and the camera was used 233 times by the public during field-testing. Conclusions In this study, we found that UV photography could identify the areas missed by sun protection lotions with chemical filters, and participants were engaged with personalized feedback. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12619000975190; http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=377089 ; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12619000145101; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=376672.

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of Dairy Cow Stocking Density

EDIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert De Vries ◽  
Haile Dechassa ◽  
Henk Hogeveen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Maximum Profit ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
De Vries ◽  
Animal Sciences

What is the optimal number of dairy cows in a pen after their transition period? This 4-page document discusses the economically optimal stocking density for lactating dairy cows, measured as maximum profit per stall. It also introduces a spreadsheet that can be used to calculate the effects of various inputs on the economically optimal stocking density. Written by Albert De Vries, Haile Dechassa, and Henk Hogeveen, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Animal Sciences, August 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/an346

scholarly journals Development of an English-language version of a Japanese iPad application to facilitate collaborative goal setting in rehabilitation: a Delphi study and field test

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e018908 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Levack ◽  
Kounosuke Tomori ◽  
Kayoko Takahashi ◽  
Aidan J Sherrington
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
English Language ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Language Version

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the content of an English-language version of a Japanese iPad application designed to facilitate shared decision-making around goal setting in rehabilitation: Aid for Decision-making in Occupational Choice—English (ADOC-E).DesignPhase 1: Delphi methods to reach consensus with an international group of expert occupational therapists on the text and images in ADOC-E. Phase 2: Testing correct recognition (unprompted and prompted) of images in ADOC-E by health service users in inpatient rehabilitation and residential care.SettingPhase 1: International, online. Phase 2: Three healthcare services in New Zealand—(1) a residential rehabilitation service for traumatic brain injury, (2) a nursing home for frail older adults and (3) an inpatient rehabilitation ward in a public hospital.ParticipantsPhase 1: Fourteen experienced occupational therapists from New Zealand (4), Australia (4), UK (2) and USA (4). Phase 2: Twenty-four rehabilitation and residential care service users (10 men, 14 women; 20–95 years; Mini-Mental State Exam scores 13–30).ResultsFour Delphi rounds were required to reach consensus with the experienced occupational therapists on the content of ADOC-E, ending with 100 items covering daily activities that people do and social roles they participate in. Ninety-five per cent (95/100) of ADOC-E items could each be correctly identified by over 80% of service user participants with either unprompted or prompted recognition.ConclusionWhile a few of the more abstract concepts in ADOC-E (related to complex social roles) were less likely to be correctly recognised by all participants, the text and images ADOC-E were deemed to be fit for purpose overall and ready for future clinical testing.

scholarly journals 186 Young Scholar Presentation: Immunometabolism during periods of negative nutrient balance or heat stress is altered by dietary methyl donor supply in dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 13-14
Author(s):  
Danielle Coleman ◽  
Mario Vailati Riboni ◽  
R Pate ◽  
M Miura ◽  
N D Luchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Methyl Donor ◽  
Abomasal Infusion

Abstract Our research examined the effects of enhancing methyl donor supply on immunometabolism during periods of negative nutrient balance (NNB) or heat stress (HS). The first experiment examined the effects of post-ruminal choline supply during NNB on production and pathways of 1-carbon metabolism. Ten primiparous rumen-cannulated cows (158±24 DIM) were used in a replicated 5×5 Latin square design with 4d treatment periods and 10d of recovery. Treatments were unrestricted intake with abomasal infusion of water, restricted intake (R; 60% of net energy for lactation requirements) with abomasal infusion of water or R plus abomasal infusion of 6.25, 12.5, or 25 g/d choline ion. Liver tissue was collected at the end of each treatment period. Enhancing choline supply increased milk yields, but decreased liver triacylglycerol. Activity of betaine homocysteine methyltransferase increased with choline, while methionine synthase tended to increase, and cystathionine β-synthase was decreased. These changes were associated with increased liver and plasma Met. Overall, enhanced supply of choline during NNB increases flux through the Met cycle to regenerate Met and reduce liver triacylglycerol. The second experiment examined the effects of rumen-protected Met (RPM) during HS on mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin)-related signaling proteins in the mammary gland. Thirty-two multiparous cows (184±59 DIM) were assigned to an environmental treatment, and a dietary treatment [TMR with RPM (0.105% DM) or without (CON)] in a crossover design. There were 2 periods with 2 phases per period. In phase 1 (9d), all cows were in thermoneutral conditions (TN) and fed ad libitum. During phase 2 (9d), group 1 (n=16) was exposed to HS using electric heat blankets while group 2 (n=16) remained in TN but were pair-fed to HS counterparts. After a washout period (21d), the study was repeated (period 2), with environmental treatments being inverted and dietary treatments remaining the same. Mammary tissue was collected at the end of phase 2. Abundance of phosphorylated mTOR was greater with RPM and tended to be greater with HS. Control cows had a greater decrease in milk protein (%) during phase 2 (difference from phase 1) compared with RPM cows, suggesting that RPM supplementation during HS may support greater milk protein synthesis via mTOR activation. The third experiment investigated the effects of RPM during HS on the response of mammary gland explants to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Twenty-five mg of tissue obtained from cows in the second experiment was incubated with 0 or 3 μg/mL of LPS for 2h. Incubation with LPS increased abundance of genes associated with inflammation, while HS decreased genes associated with antioxidant responses. Expression of NFKB1was greater in LPS-treated explants from non-HS compared with HS cows. These data indicate that HS reduced immune and antioxidant responses while RPM did not attenuate the inflammatory response induced by LPS in vitro. Overall, data indicated a beneficial effect of choline during NNB and Met during HS on immunometabolism in dairy cows.

The effect of restricted suckling and non-suckling systems on dairy cow and calf behaviour

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 128-128
Author(s):  
J. K. Margerison ◽  
C. J. C. Phillips ◽  
T. R. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cow Calf

Artificial rearing necessitates stressful cow-calf separation (Lefcourt and Elsasser, 1995; Hopster et al, 1995) and precipitates cross-suckling (Lidfors, 1993). Thus, suckling systems may improve the welfare of cows and calves, by alleviating 'stressful' cows-calf separation and satiating suckling motivation. The aim of this experiment was to compare behaviour in cows and calves in restricted suckling and non-suckling systems.Thirty six multiparous dairy cows and calves were divided at 4 days postpartum into three groups. The treatment groups were; non-suckled (NS) cows with calves artificially reared (AR), cows suckled by their own calf (RSM) and cows suckled by a foster calf (RSF). Suckling took place for 15 minutes following mechanical milking only.

scholarly journals Maize silage for dairy cows

2001 ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Kolver ◽  
J.R. Roche ◽  
D. Miller ◽  
R. Densley
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Productivity Gains

This paper reviews the use of maize silage in pastoral dairying systems in New Zealand. The evolution of dairying systems to make profitable use of maize silage and other supplementary feeds has occurred during the last decade in conjunction with an increased use of maize silage. When used within recommended levels of feeding, maize silage provides a low cost source of starch and fibre which complements pasture well for much of the year. Balancing dietary deficiencies in protein, minerals, and in some cases fibre, will optimise milksolids production at high levels of maize silage supplementation. Targets for good quality maize silage include a dry matter content of 28-35%, an energy content of 10.8 MJME/ kgDM, a protein content of 7-8%, and a pH of 3.8 to 4.5. Opportunities for further productivity gains exist through further intensification of dairying systems using high-yielding crops. Keywords: dairy cow, feed quality, maize silage, nutrition

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document