scholarly journals Viral Diseases that Affect Donkeys and Mules

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2203
Author(s):  
Rebeca Jéssica Falcão Câmara ◽  
Bruna Lopes Bueno ◽  
Cláudia Fideles Resende ◽  
Udeni B. R. Balasuriya ◽  
Sidnei Miyoshi Sakamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Equus Asinus ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Equine Industry ◽  
Imminent Risk ◽  
Comparative Information

Donkeys (Equus asinus) and mules represent approximately 50% of the entire domestic equine herd in the world and play an essential role in the lives of thousands of people, primarily in developing countries. Despite their importance, donkeys are currently a neglected and threatened species due to abandonment, indiscriminate slaughter, and a lack of proper sanitary management. Specific knowledge about infectious viral diseases that affect this group of Equidae is still limited. In many cases, donkeys and mules are treated like horses, with the physiological differences between these species usually not taken into account. Most infectious diseases that affect the Equidae family are exclusive to the family, and they have a tremendous economic impact on the equine industry. However, some viruses may cross the species barrier and affect humans, representing an imminent risk to public health. Nevertheless, even with such importance, most studies are conducted on horses (Equus caballus), and there is little comparative information on infection in donkeys and mules. Therefore, the objective of this article is to provide a brief update on viruses that affect donkeys and mules, thereby compromising their performance and well-being. These diseases may put them at risk of extinction in some parts of the world due to neglect and the precarious conditions they live in and may ultimately endanger other species’ health and humans.

Intestinal ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) in Brazilian domestic horses (Equus caballus L.) and a review on the ciliate communities associated with horses around the world

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4585 (3) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
FRANCIANE CEDROLA ◽  
SUYANE BORDIM ◽  
MARTA D’AGOSTO ◽  
ROBERTO JÚNIO PEDROSO DIAS
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Equus Caballus ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
Equus Asinus ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Tapirus Terrestris ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
First Time

The aims of this study were to identify and quantify the gastrointestinal ciliates from Brazilian domestic horses, to compare the data obtained with previous studies and to review data on ciliate communities associated with horses around the world. We used eight domestic horses, kept under extensive management. Fecal samples were obtained immediately after defecation of animals and fixed in 18.5% formaldehyde. We identify 24 species of endosymbiotic ciliates, distributed in two subclasses, two orders, five families and 13 genera. The ciliate composition was similar among the animals analyzed. The family Blepharocorythidae presented the higher prevalence and the family Buetschliidae was observed in greater abundance and density. Among the species identified, Cycloposthium dentiferum was observed for the first time in Central and South America and Bundleia elongata, B. inflata, B. piriformis, B. vorax and Cycloposthium psicauda, were observed for the first time in the American continent. In addition, the species Buissonella tapiri, which was originally discovered in fecal contents of the American tapir (Tapirus terrestris) in Brazil was observed for the first time associated to Equus caballus. The review on the ciliate communities associated with horses around the world demonstrated that the equine ciliates are a very diversified group with representatives in two subclasses, Suctoria and Trichostomatia, totaling 78 species distributed in three orders and six families, having been registered in different equine hosts (Equus asinus, Equus caballus and Equus quagga) and geographic locations (USA, China, Russia, Taiwan, Mexico, Cyprus, Turkey, Kyrgyzstan and Brazil). 

“My disability does not measure me: it is a way of living and being in the world” meanings of social inclusion from the perspective of people with visual impairment

2021 ◽  
pp. 026461962110364
Author(s):  
María del Pilar Oviedo-Cáceres ◽  
Karen Natalia Arias-Pineda ◽  
María del Rosario Yepes-Camacho ◽  
Patricia Montoya Falla ◽  
Laura Guisasola Valencia
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Environment Recognition ◽  
The Individual

Social inclusion involves the dynamics that link the development of capacities with access to opportunities, well-being, relationship networks, and the exercise of citizenship. This study sought to understand the meanings on social inclusion of people with visual impairment from four cities in Colombia, as well as the family dynamics that favor or hinder inclusion processes. A qualitative exploratory study was conducted, by applying 26 semi-structured interviews via telephone. The interviews were transcribed and the themes extracted by the authors. The three emerging categories were the following: (1) My disability does not measure me: it is a way of living and being in the world; (2) deconstructing imaginaries: a wager on inclusion; and (3) from the family, the most important is letting be. Our results indicate that social inclusion is mediated by the meanings they assign to their own condition of visual impairment, by the existing social imaginaries on the theme, and by the family dynamics or the nearby environment. The work recognized the following as facilitators: acceptance of the disability by those who have the condition and by their close environment; recognition of the disability as part of human diversity; the family as actor that recognizes, respects individuality, and promotes their development; and the individual skills to cope with the situation and find a support network. Barriers were the negative imaginaries and the biomedical view that persist in society, which interact with the daily lives of the people, thus generating situations of exclusion.

The effects of economic migration of Poles for functioning of the family-selected aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol X (3 (28)) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Izabela Kochan
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Migration

About one billion people around the world move abroad or outside their birthplace seeking better earning possibilities. Economic migration has been accepted by many families as a strategy aiming improvement of their functioning. In a long-term prospect it affects the family’s well-being among others through investing in education and health. The mobility of one or several family members colours the leaving and those who remain at home both in positive and negative way depending individual conditions. Although postal orders are potentially an important way to mitigate the limits of the family budget, the weakest family members who need attention, repeatedly bear high cost of migration decisions. The individualistic effect of the economic migration of the Poles for functioning of their families is migrational orpanhood of the children and older people which is the main theme of intellectualizing in the present article. Special attention should be drawn to people in grand old age whose proportion in our country is still rising. In the context of relevant issues, it is necessary to take steps aiming to mitigate the costs of migration born by families, offering support recouping the losses coming from the mobility.

Women Entrepreneurs in Family Business: The Hungarian Case

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Hisrich ◽  
Gyala Fülöp
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Family Businesses ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Hungarian Case ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Women's Role

Although in many countries throughout the world a large percentage of firms are family businesses that directly impact the well-being of an economy, research in the field, particularly on the role of women, has been very sparse. By exploring the role of women in family business within a Hungarian context, this paper provides an indication of the similarities and differences of women entrepreneurs in family businesses and how this reflects their social structure. Since owning and running a family business requires a lifestyle that deeply impacts the women's role in society and in the family, governments need to address some fundamental issues that will help women in this process.

scholarly journals Psychosocial and cultural motivations for self-inflicted burns among Iranian women

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 5-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolaziz Rastegar Lari ◽  
Reza Alaghehbandan ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Suffering ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
Health Demands

When the world of public health considers the health of women, one tendency is first and foremost to link the well-being of women to that of children and the family, and, legitimately, to the health of society overall. Epidemiological data point to sex differences in the patterns and clusters of psychiatric disorders and psychological distress. The origins of much of the pain and suffering particular to women can be traced to their social circumstances. Depression, hopelessness, exhaustion, anger and fear grow out of hunger, overwork, domestic and civil violence, entrapment and economic dependence. Understanding the sources of women's ill health demands awareness of how cultural and economic forces interact to undermine their social status. This article highlights aspects of social suffering among women in Iran. Self-inflicted burns, a significant indicator of mental health among Iranian women, are discussed in order to increase awareness of the phenomenon among the international community, as a first step towards initiating an improvement in the health of women in Iran.

scholarly journals Perspectives on COVID-19 therapies: conflicts and consensus

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e85997019
Author(s):  
Kaline Romeiro ◽  
Régida Cléa da Silva Batista ◽  
Luciana Gominho ◽  
Caio Vinícius Batista de Arruda ◽  
Antonio Carlos Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Persistent Fever ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

The chronology of COVID-19 infections shows us that the first cases were reported in December 2019. A number of patients were admitted to hospitals with a respiratory disease of an unknown etiology in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The patients presented symptoms such as coughing, persistent fever, sore throat and pneumonia. The respiratory infection situation got worse rapidly and had a very fast spread. Soon after, it was reported that the causing agent of the disease had been confirmed as the novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which belongs to the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, of the family Coronaviridae in the order Nidovirales. On January 7, 2020, the disease was named as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). Chloroquine (CQ), Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), Remdesivir, Heparin, Convalescent Plasma, Corticosteroid, Anticoagulants, Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Ivermectin and Nitazoxanide are some of the drugs on the market that are being tested to combat COVID-19. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze studies regarding the healing potential of these drugs for COVID-19.  Some researchers about the effectiveness of these medications, the success rate on viral diseases and its action potential by different mechanisms. Thus, given the researches analyzed in this study, it was evident for most authors that these drugs are promising treatments for COVID-19, while the vaccine is not manufactured and available.

Russian Citizens' Representations of the Country's Position in the Geopolitical Space of the Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe, and the World

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-251
Author(s):  
Victor F. Petrenko ◽  
Olga V. Mitina ◽  
Kirill A. Bertnikov
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Multidimensional Space ◽  
Commonwealth Of Independent States ◽  
Repertory Grids ◽  
Implicit Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Invariant Factors

The aim of this research was the reconstruction of the system of categories through which Russians perceive the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Europe, and the world as a whole; to study the implicit model of the geopolitical space; to analyze the stereotypes in the perception of different countries and the superposition of mental geopolitical representations onto the geographic map. The techniques of psychosemantics by Petrenko, originating in the semantic differential of Osgood and Kelly's “repertory grids,” were used as working tools. Multidimensional semantic spaces act as operational models of the structures of consciousness, and the positions of countries in multidimensional space reflect the geopolitical stereotypes of respondents about these countries. Because of the transformation of geopolitical reality representations in mass consciousness, the commonly used classification of countries as socialist, capitalist, and developing is being replaced by other structures. Four invariant factors of the countries' descriptions were identified. They are connected with Economic and Political Well-being, Military Might, Friendliness toward Russia, and Spirituality and the Level of Culture. It seems that the structure has not been explained in adequate detail and is not clearly realized by the individuals. There is an interrelationship between the democratic political structure of a country and its prosperity in the political mentality of Russian respondents. Russian public consciousness painfully strives for a new geopolitical identity and place in the commonwealth of states. It also signifies the country's interest and orientation toward the East in the search for geopolitical partners. The construct system of geopolitical perception also depends on the region of perception.

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