scholarly journals Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone and Estradiol Concentrations in Gilts and Their Age at Puberty

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2189
Author(s):  
Nutthee Am-in ◽  
Junpen Suwimonteerabutr ◽  
Roy N. Kirkwood
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Development ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Fence Line

For experiment one, blood samples were obtained from 200 gilts at 90, 120, 150, 180, and 200 days of age. Serum samples from the 30 youngest (166.1 ± 0.7 days) and 30 oldest (198.8 ± 0.6 days) gilts exhibiting estrus by 200 days, and a further 18 gilts that remained anestrus at 200 days, were assayed for serum concentrations of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and estradiol (E2). Gilts younger at puberty had higher (p < 0.05) AMH levels than those older at puberty, and both groups had higher AMH levels than anestrus gilts (p < 0.05). Regardless of age, serum E2 was higher (p < 0.05) in gilts that achieved puberty than in gilts remaining anestrus. At spontaneous pubertal estrus detection, there was no effect of pubertal age on the number of preovulatory ovarian follicles. For experiment two, 152 prepubertal gilts received an intramuscular (IM) injection of 400 IU eCG plus 200 IU hCG and then received fence-line boar contact to detect estrus onset. Serum AMH concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) in the first 25 gilts to exhibit puberty than the last 28 gilts, with the first gilts also having more preovulatory follicles (p < 0.0001). Taken together, these data support an association between serum AMH concentrations and degree of physiological maturity and ovarian follicular development in gilts.

The effect of acute immuno-neutralisation of inhibin in ewes during the early luteal phase of the oestrous cycle on ovarian hormone secretion and follicular development

1995 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
B K Campbell ◽  
B M Gordon ◽  
C G Tsonis ◽  
R J Scaramuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Passive Immunisation ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Ovarian Steroid ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Steroid Secretion ◽  
Antibody Titres

Abstract Ewes with ovarian autotransplants received either inhibin antiserum (10 ml i.v. raised in sheep against recombinant 32 kDa human inhibin; n=6) or sheep serum (10 ml i.v.; n=5) on day 3 of the luteal phase with additional daily injections (1 ml i.v.) from 48 h after the initial bolus until day 13. Jugular and ovarian venous blood samples were taken 4-hourly over days 2–13 of the luteal phase. Blood samples were also taken at more frequent intervals (every 10–15 min for 2–3 h) to examine pulsatile secretory responses from the ovary to endogenous and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone-induced (150 ng i.m.) LH pulses on days 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 of the luteal phase. Plasma FSH levels, ovarian steroid secretion and ovarian follicular development were measured. The ovarian follicle population was estimated daily by real time ultrasound scanning. Immunisation against inhibin resulted in a 3- to 4-fold increase (P<0·001) in plasma FSH levels within 8 h with levels remaining elevated over controls for 6–7 days. Within 24 h of immunisation there was an increase in the number of small ovarian follicles (P<0·05) and by 3 days after treatment immunised ewes had 4–6 large ovarian follicles/ewe with this increase in the total number of large follicles being maintained for the rest of the experimental period (P<0·05). Mean ovarian oestradiol secretion during intensive bleeds was not different from controls 24 h after immunisation, but by 3 days after immunisation it was elevated 4- to 5-fold (P<0·001) over controls with this increase being maintained throughout the experiment. Similar responses to immunisation against inhibin in androstenedione secretion were observed although mean androstenedione secretion was not elevated until 7 days after treatment. In vitro antibody titres in immunised ewes remained elevated but declined steadily (P<0·001) over the experimental period. We conclude that the initial stimulation of follicle development and ovarian steroid secretion following passive immunisation against inhibin can be attributed to increased blood FSH. However, the fact that with time FSH declined but increased follicle development was sustained, despite maintenance of high circulating antibody titres, suggests that on a longer term basis inhibin immunisation may stimulate ovarian function by interfering with the modulation of follicle development by inhibin at an ovarian level. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 145, 479–490

scholarly journals Stability of ovine serum protein fractions under different storage conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Nagyová ◽  
Francesca Arfuso ◽  
Maria Rizzo ◽  
Oskar Nagy ◽  
Giuseppe Piccione
Keyword(s):  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Third ◽  
Γ Globulins ◽  
G Ratio

We evaluated the effect of different storage conditions on the concentration of serum total proteins and their electrophoretic fractions in sheep. Blood samples were collected from 12 female Comisana sheep, and each serum obtained was divided into 4 aliquots. The first aliquot was analyzed immediately after separation (T0); the second was refrigerated at 4°C and analyzed after 24 h (T1), 48 h (T2), and 72 h (T3); the third was stored at −20°C immediately after centrifugation and analyzed after 2 days (T4); and the last aliquot was stored at −20°C after 24-h refrigeration and analyzed after 1 wk (T5). The concentrations of serum total proteins and their electrophoretic fractions (albumin, α-, β1-, β2-, and γ-globulins) was determined. A statistically significant ( p < 0.05) effect of storage conditions on all serum electrophoretic protein fractions and on the albumin-to-globulin (A/G) ratio was found. The values of albumin, α-globulins, and A/G ratio increased at T4 with respect to T0. The levels of α-globulins were higher at T1 than T0; the β1-globulins levels changed at T3, whereas the β2- and γ-globulins values as well as the A/G ratio changed at T2 and T3. At T4, we found an increase in the serum concentrations of albumin, α1-globulins, and on the A/G ratio, and a decrease of γ fraction. At T5, the concentration of α-globulins was higher than at T0. Hence, we recommend electrophoretic analysis of fresh ovine serum samples or of samples refrigerated for no more than 24 h to obtain accurate data.

STEROIDOGENESIS IN PREOVULATORY FOLLICLES OF PATIENTS GIVEN HUMAN MENOPAUSAL AND CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHINS AS JUDGED BY THE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF STEROIDS IN FOLLICULAR FLUID

1978 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. FOWLER ◽  
R. G. EDWARDS ◽  
D. E. WALTERS ◽  
S. T. H. CHAN ◽  
P. C. STEPTOE
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Steroid Synthesis ◽  
Asynchronous Development ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin ◽  
Broad Classification

SUMMARY The administration of human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) followed by human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) stimulated the development of various numbers of follicles in patients treated for infertility. Graafian follicles from these patients were aspirated 32–33 h after the injection of HCG and the levels of steroids in the follicular fluid and matching serum samples were measured by radioimmunoassay. The follicles could not be grouped into two distinct clusters as found in patients given HCG during the menstrual cycle but a broad classification of follicles into four groups was indicated from the dendrogram. Two of the groups were similar to the ovulatory and non-ovulatory groups found previously, whereas the other two groups of follicles were more intermediate in nature. The use of a discriminant analysis showed that these two groups had clearly been stimulated by the HMG and HCG, although they were not yet fully ovulatory. Our data indicate that the number of developing follicles is considerably increased by treatment with HMG and HCG but there is asynchrony in follicular development because the pattern of steroid synthesis differs in many follicles. The effects of this asynchronous development on oocyte maturation and disorders of the luteal phase are discussed.

scholarly journals Appearance and number of follicles and change in the concentration of serum FSH in female bovine fetuses

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Tanaka ◽  
K Nakada ◽  
M Moriyoshi ◽  
Y Sawamukai
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Fetal Serum ◽  
Bovine Fetuses

The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between early follicular development, the time at which follicles appear in early stages of follicular development, and changes in the serum concentrations of FSH in the female bovine fetus. Thirty-five female bovine fetuses aged between 59 and 285 days, as estimated from the crown-rump length, were obtained from dams at an abattoir. Serum samples were separated from fetal blood obtained from the heart. Fetal ovaries were removed and weighed. The content of oestradiol in one of the fetal ovaries and the serum concentrations of FSH and oestradiol were determined using radioimmunoassay. Sections of the other ovary were examined histologically for the appearance and number of follicles. The follicles were divided into four stages: primordial, primary, secondary and early antral. The appearance of primordial, primary, secondary and early antral follicles was observed at day 74, day 91, day 120 and day 150, respectively. Serum concentrations of FSH in female bovine fetuses increased between day 120 and day 150 of gestation. Fetal serum concentrations of oestradiol increased from day 120. The number of early antral follicles increased from day 180 together with an increase in the fetal ovarian content of oestradiol. These findings indicate that, in the female bovine fetus as well as in adult cows, the number of follicles and stages of follicular development are associated with changes in the concentration of FSH.

Luteinizing hormone increases the number of ova shed in the cyclic hamster and guinea-pig

1984 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Garza ◽  
M. A. Shaban ◽  
P. F. Terranova
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Sustained Development ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

ABSTRACT Osmotic minipumps containing 400 μg ovine LH installed subcutaneously on day 1 (oestrus) of the cycle in the hamster induced superovulation of 30·0 ± 2·1 ova (n=5) at the next expected oestrus. Controls ovulated 12·0 ± 0·8 ova (n = 6). Bovine LH, human LH, porcine LH, human chorionic gonadotrophin and pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin were effective in approximately doubling the number of ova spontaneously shed in the hamster. Ovine FSH (200 μg/pump) was most effective in increasing the number of ova spontaneously shed (55 ± 6, n=5) in the hamster. Infusion of ovine LH on days 1–4 prevented the reduction of the number of antral follicles that occurs normally between days 3 and 4 of the 4-day cycle. Since this reduction in follicular numbers in control cyclic hamsters is due to atresia, the exogenous LH might prevent atresia of the developing follicles. In the hamster, exogenous ovine LH significantly increased the serum concentrations of androstenedione, oestradiol and LH but not of FSH. Hamsters were hypophysectomized on the day of oestrus, given immediate LH (400 pg) or FSH (200 μg) replacement therapy and autopsied on day 4. Ovarian histology revealed that immediate LH treatment after hypophysectomy sustained development of histologically normal preovulatory follicles but had no effect on the number of smaller sizes of follicles. Immediate FSH treatment after hypophysectomy increased only the number of smaller sized follicles. Since LH did not increase the smaller sized follicles, no 'FSH-like' effect on follicular development was observed. In the hamster, the ability of various preparations of LH to induce superovulation did not correlate with their ability to displace 125I-labelled ovine FSH from its ovarian binding sites. The superovulatory action of LH required the presence of the pituitary gland, indicating that LH might synergize with FSH and/or prolactin (or hamster LH) for spontaneous superovulation and it appears that exogenous LH might induce superovulation by prevention of atresia. Infusion of LH into the guinea-pig beginning on day 12 of the cycle (day 1 is the day of ovulation) doubled the ovulation rate whereas in the cyclic rat and mouse LH treatment throughout the cycle was ineffective in increasing the number of ova shed. J. Endocr. (1984) 101, 289–298

scholarly journals Evaluation of different acute-phase proteins for herd health diagnostics in early postpartum Holstein Friesian dairy cows

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ruth Schmitt ◽  
Laura Pieper ◽  
L. Antonio Gonzalez-Grajales ◽  
Jantijn Swinkels ◽  
Carl-Christian Gelfert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Health Parameters

Abstract This research communication describes (1) the comparison of acute-phase protein (APP) concentrations in transition dairy cows on different farms using both pooled and individual blood samples, and (2) the association among different APP and clinical health parameters. The first hypothesis was that early postpartum dairy cows from different farms differ in the level of inflammation, which might be determined using APP assays in both pooled and individual blood samples. The second hypothesis was that the APP haptoglobin (Hp) might be the most sensitive parameter to detect cows at risk of excessive postpartum inflammation concomitant with systemic disease. Serum concentrations of Hp, serum amyloid-A (SAA), total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), coeruloplasmin (Cp) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in 100 fresh lactating cows (within 0–8 d postpartum) from 10 farms were compared and associated to clinical health parameters (rectal body temperature, vaginal discharge (Metricheck™ score), rumen fill, vulvovaginal laceration) using both pooled and individual blood samples. Mean serum concentrations of Hp, SAA and TP revealed significant differences among farms. Pooled serum samples of farms showed high correlations with the mean of individual samples. Only Hp was significantly positively correlated to both body temperature and Metricheck™ score. In conclusion, Hp differentiates dairy farms regarding the inflammatory state of transition cows using individual and pooled serum samples within the first week postpartum. It also mirrors the individual degree of inflammation, thus proving to be a diagnostic parameter of high interest during the periparturient period.

scholarly journals PRRSV detection by qPCR in processing fluids and serum samples collected in a positive stable breeding herd following mass vaccination of sows with a modified live vaccine

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lebret ◽  
P. Berton ◽  
V. Normand ◽  
I. Messager ◽  
N. Robert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Live Vaccine ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Stability Monitoring ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Modified Live Vaccine ◽  
Processing Fluid

AbstractIn the last two decades, in France, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) stabilization protocols have been implemented using mass vaccination with a modified live vaccine (MLV), herd closure and biosecurity measures. Efficient surveillance for PRRSV is essential for generating evidence of absence of viral replication and transmission in pigs. The use of processing fluid (PF) was first described in 2018 in the United States and was demonstrated to provide a higher herd-level sensitivity compared with blood samples (BS) for PRRSV monitoring. In the meantime, data on vertical transmission of MLV viruses are rare even as it is a major concern. Therefore, veterinarians usually wait for several weeks after a sow mass vaccination before starting a stability monitoring. This clinical study was conducted in a PRRSV-stable commercial 1000-sow breed-to-wean farm. This farm suffered from a PRRS outbreak in January 2018. After implementing a stabilisation protocol, this farm was controlled as stable for more than 9 months before the beginning of the study. PF and BS at weaning were collected in four consecutive batches born after a booster sow mass MLV vaccination. We failed to detect PRRSV by qPCR on PF and BS collected in a positive-stable breeding herd after vaccination with ReproCyc® PRRS EU (Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim, Germany).

scholarly journals MMP-7 Serum and Tissue Levels Are Associated with Poor Survival in Platinum-Treated Bladder Cancer Patients

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Tibor Szarvas ◽  
Michèle J. Hoffmann ◽  
Csilla Olah ◽  
Eszter Szekely ◽  
Andras Kiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Poor Overall Survival ◽  
Platinum Sensitivity ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy resistance is a main cause of therapeutic failure and death in bladder cancer. With the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors, prediction of platinum treatment became of great clinical importance. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) was shown to be involved in cisplatin resistance. Therefore, tissue and circulating MMP-7 levels were evaluated in 124 bladder cancer patients who received postoperative platinum-based chemotherapy. Tissue MMP-7 levels were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 72 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded chemo-naïve tumor samples, while MMP-7 serum concentrations were determined in 132 serum samples of an independent cohort of 52 patients. MMP-7 tissue and serum levels were correlated with clinicopathological and follow-up data. MMP-7 gene expression was determined by RT-qPCR in 20 urothelial cancer cell lines and two non-malignant urothelial cell lines. MMP-7 was overexpressed in RT-112 and T-24 cells by stable transfection, to assess its functional involvement in platinum sensitivity. High MMP-7 tissue expression and pretreatment serum concentrations were independently associated with poor overall survival (tissue HR = 2.296, 95%CI = 1.235–4.268 and p = 0.009; serum HR = 2.743, 95%CI = 1.258–5.984 and p = 0.011). Therefore, MMP-7 tissue and serum analysis may help to optimize therapeutic decisions. Stable overexpression in RT-112 and T-24 cells did not affect platinum sensitivity.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Metabolites and Clinical Outcome in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2129
Author(s):  
Sieglinde Zelzer ◽  
Florian Prüller ◽  
Pero Curcic ◽  
Zdenka Sloup ◽  
Magdalena Holter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Metabolite Ratio ◽  
The University

(1) Background: Vitamin D, a well-established regulator of calcium and phosphate metabolism, also has immune-modulatory functions. An uncontrolled immune response and cytokine storm are tightly linked to fatal courses of COVID-19. The present retrospective study aimed to inves-tigate vitamin D status markers and vitamin D degradation products in a mixed cohort of 148 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with various clinical courses of COVID-19. (2) Methods: The serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3, 25(OH)D2, 24,25(OH)2D3, and 25,26(OH)2D3 were determined by a validated liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry method in leftover serum samples from 148 COVID-19 patients that were admitted to the University Hospital of the Medical Uni-versity of Graz between April and November 2020. Anthropometric and clinical data, as well as outcomes were obtained from the laboratory and hospital information systems. (3) Results: From the 148 patients, 34 (23%) died within 30 days after admission. The frequency of fatal outcomes did not differ between males and females. Non-survivors were significantly older than survivors, had higher peak concentrations of IL-6 and CRP, and required mechanical ventilation more frequently. The serum concentrations of all vitamin D metabolites and the vitamin D metabolite ratio (VMR) did not differ significantly between survivors and non-survivors. Additionally, the need for res-piratory support was unrelated to the serum concentrations of 25(OH)D vitamin D and the two vitamin D catabolites, as well as the VMR. (4) Conclusion: The present results do not support a relevant role of vitamin D for the course and outcome of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Associations between the thyroid panel and serum protein concentrations across pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Lisowska-Myjak ◽  
Agnieszka Strawa ◽  
Hanna Zborowska ◽  
Artur Jakimiuk ◽  
Ewa Skarżyńska
Keyword(s):  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serum Parameters ◽  
Active Regulation ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractEstablishing any characteristic associations between the serum parameters of thyroid function and serum proteins in pregnancy may aid in elucidating the role of the thyroid gland in the regulation of pregnancy-specific metabolic processes and in selecting candidate biomarkers for use in their clinical assessment. Concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free tri-iodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4), six electrophoretically separated protein fractions (albumin, alpha-1-, alpha2-, beta-1-, beta-2- and gamma-globulins), representative proteins—albumin (ALB), transferrin (TRF), alpha-2-macroglobulin (AMG) and ceruloplasmin (CER) were measured in 136 serum samples from 65 women in their consecutive trimesters of pregnancy. The concentrations of TSH, fT4 and fT3 were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with the concentrations of the albumin, alpha-2- and beta-1 globulin fractions. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) which were positive between fT4 and ALB and negative between fT4 and TRF were established throughout pregnancy. Significant negative correlations (p < 0.05) were demonstrated for fT3 with alpha-2-globulin, AMG and CER. Changes in the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones seen between the trimesters were found to correlate with the concentrations of high-abundance serum proteins. Opposite directions of correlations between fT4 and ALB and fT4 and TRF observed throughout pregnancy may indicate the shared biological role of these parameters in maintaining maternal homeostasis and they suggest their potential use in the clinic as a simple biomarker panel. A negative correlation of fT3 with CER in the second trimester possibly reflects their involvement in the active regulation of metabolic processes.

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