scholarly journals Infrared Thermography Correlates with Lactate Concentration in Blood during Race Training in Horses

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz ◽  
Małgorzata Maśko ◽  
Małgorzata Domino ◽  
Anna Winnicka
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Musculus Trapezius

In horse racing the most acceptable way to objectively evaluate adaptation to increased exertion is to measure lactate blood concentration. However, this may be stressful for the horse, therefore, a simple, noninvasive procedure to monitor race progress is desirable. Forty Thoroughbreds attended race training, with blood samples collected at rest, immediately after, and 30 min after exercise. The lactate concentration was determined 60 s after blood collection using an Accusport®. Thermal imaging of the neck and trunk areas was performed following international veterinary standards from a distance of approximately 2 m from the horse using the same protocol as the blood sampling. The Spearman rank correlation coefficients (ρ) between the changes in the blood lactate concentration and surface temperature measures were found for the regions of interest. The highest positive correlation coefficients were found in the musculus trapezius pars thoracica region for the maximal temperature (T Max; ρ = 0.83; p < 0.0001), the minimal temperature (T Min; ρ = 0.83; p < 0.0001), and the average temperature (T Aver; ρ = 0.85; p < 0.0001) 30 min after the exercise. The results showed that infrared thermography may supplement blood measurements to evaluate adaptation to increased workload during race training, however, more research and references values are needed.

Difference of seasonal variation between glycated albumin and glycated haemoglobin

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Tanaka ◽  
Shu Meguro ◽  
Masami Tanaka ◽  
Junichiro Irie ◽  
Yoshifumi Saisho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Glycated Albumin ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Average Temperature

Background Glycated albumin reflects 2–3-week glycaemic controls, and in addition to glycated haemoglobin, it has been used as a glycaemic control indicator. We presumed that glycated albumin also has seasonal variations and is related to temperature, similar to glycated haemoglobin. Methods The subjects were diabetic outpatients from April 2007 to March 2013. This resulted in the enrolment of 2246 subjects and the collection of a total of 53,968 measurements. Mean glycated haemoglobin, glycated albumin, and plasma glucose were calculated for each month over six years. The associations of the measures with each other and the average temperature for each month in Tokyo were assessed using Spearman rank correlation coefficients. Results Plasma glucose was highest in January and lowest in May. Glycated haemoglobin was highest in March and lowest in September. Glycated albumin was highest in May and lowest in December. Glycated albumin tended to have a disjunction with plasma glucose in winter. Glycated haemoglobin had seasonal variation, but glycated albumin did not. Plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin showed significant negative correlations with temperature (rs = −0.359, P < 0.001, rs = −0.449, P < 0.001, respectively), but glycated albumin did not. However, glycated albumin was inter-correlated with plasma glucose (rs = 0.396, P < 0.001) and glycated haemoglobin (rs = 0.685, P < 0.001), and glycated haemoglobin was inter-correlated with plasma glucose (rs = 0.465, P < 0.001). Conclusion Glycated albumin and glycated haemoglobin showed different seasonal variations from each other over the six-year study period. Thus, further studies to identify factors that contribute to glycated albumin are needed.

Strength, Power, and Aerobic Exercise Correlates of 5-km Cross-Country Running Performance in Adolescent Runners

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Cole ◽  
Megan E. Woodruff ◽  
Mary P. Horn ◽  
Anthony D. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Power ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Cross Country

Relationships between physiological parameters and 5-km running performance were examined in 15 male runners (17.3 ± 0.9 years). Running economy (RE) and blood lactate concentration ([BLa]) at 241.2 m/min, VO2max, velocity at VO2max (vVO2max), vertical jump height and muscle power, and isokinetic knee extension strength at 60°/sec and 240°/sec were measured. The participants’ best 5-km race time over the last month of the cross-country season (16.98 ± 0.76 min) was used in the analysis. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients. Significant relationships to run time were observed for VO2max (r = -.53), RE (r = .55), and vVO2max (r = -.66), but not [BLa], isokinetic muscle torque, or vertical jump. Identifying the unique strength and power characteristics related to running performance in this age group is warranted.

Physiological responses to maximal effort wheelchair and arm crank ergometry

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1060-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Glaser ◽  
M. N. Sawka ◽  
M. F. Brune ◽  
S. W. Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Peak Vo2

The purpose of this investigation was to compare physical work capacity (PWC), peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2), maximal pulmonary ventilation (VEmax), maximal heart rate (HRmax), and maximal blood lactate concentration (LAmax) for wheelchair ergometer (WERG) and arm crank ergometer (ACE) exercise. For this, wheelchair-dependent (n = 6) and able-bodied (n = 10) subjects completed a progressive intensity, discontinuous test for each mode of exercise. Each test was terminated by physical exhaustion and/or an inability to maintain a flywheel velocity of 180 m.min-1. Relatively high correlation coefficients were found between values obtained during the two modes of ergometry for PWC, peak VO2, VEmax, and HRmax. WERG exercise was found to elicit a significantly (P less than 0.05) lower PWC (by 36%), HRmax (by 7%), and LAmax (by 26%) than ACE exercise. Peak VO2 and VEmax, however, were similar for both exercise modes. These data suggest that either exercise mode may be used for fitness testing and training of people who cannot use their legs and that arm cranking may be a superior method to propel wheelchairs.

scholarly journals Competitiveness of firms, performance and customer orientation measures – empirical survey results

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Klapalová
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Customer Orientation ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Empirical Survey ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this paper is to presents results from two empirical surveys concerning selected factors which can be connected to customer orientation, performance and competitiveness of firms. The purpose of the surveys was also to reveal potential differences between sectors arising from not only the different influences of internal but as well as external environment. A survey instrument was developed to analyse the relationship between several variables measuring customer orientation of surveyed firms and between these factors and level of financial performance. Several statistical methods were applied to analyse the data, specifically descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations), one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post-hoc test using financial performance for clustering firms and for assessment of potential differences of customer orientation criteria evaluation and Spearman rank correlation coefficients to assess the linear bivariate relationship between customer orientation variables. The results of ANOVA show that only the innovativeness is distinctive distinguishing criteria in conformity with the indicators of financial prosperity and that there are some differences between companies from two groups of sectors within the managers’ perception of customer orientation criteria performance.

scholarly journals Impact of climatic parameters on COVID-19 pandemic progression in India: analysis and prediction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namrata Deyal ◽  
Vipin Tiwari ◽  
Nandan Bisht
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Sir Model ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Test

COVID-19 is spreading rapidly worldwide and various factors of it have to be analysed. We analyze the effect of climatic parameters (Average Temperature (AT), Atmospheric Pressure (AP), Relative Humidity (RH), Solar Radiation (SR) and Wind Speed (WS)) on the COVID-19 epidemic during 25 March 2020 to 15 June 2020 in most affected states of India i.e. Maharashtra, Delhi and Tamilnadu. We quantitatively establish the correlation between these parameters by using Kendall & Spearman rank correlation test. The results indicate that the positive cases are highly correlated with the AT (r^2 >0.6,p<0.001) in Delhi where as a moderate correlation ( r^2<0.6,p<0.001) has been estimated for Maharashtra and Tamilnadu. Similarly, an intermediate range of correlation coefficient has been observed for other climatic parameters. The range of climatic parameters have been found corresponding to maximum number of cases results as AT (25~40 0 C), RH (40~70%), AT (740~965 mmHg), SR (200-250 W/mt2) and WS (.5~14 m/sec). Time series analysis depicts that the positive cases and mortality are increasing rapidly. COVID-19 epidemic peak is predicted and would be appearing October 2020 using SIR model for capital of India (New Delhi). The outcomes of this study will be helpful for the containment of COVID-19 worldwide.

scholarly journals What do babies eat? Evaluation of a food frequency questionnaire to assess the diets of infants aged 6 months

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 751-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
LD Marriott ◽  
SM Robinson ◽  
J Poole ◽  
SE Borland ◽  
KM Godfrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Mean Differences

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessing nutrient intakes in 6-month-old infants.Design and settingThe FFQ was developed to assess the diets of infants born to women in the Southampton Women’s Survey (SWS), a population-based survey of young women and their offspring. The energy and nutrient intakes obtained from an interviewer-administered FFQ were compared with those obtained from a 4-day weighed diary.Subjects and methodsA sub-sample of 50 infants aged 6 months from the SWS had their diets assessed by both methods. The FFQ recorded the frequencies and amounts of milks, baby foods, regular foods and drinks consumed by the infants over the previous seven days. The diaries recorded the weights of all foods and drinks consumed by the infants on four separate days within 15 days following FFQ completion.ResultsSpearman rank correlation coefficients for intakes of energy, macronutrients and 18 micronutrients, determined by the two methods, ranged from r = 0·39 to 0·86; adjustment for energy intake tended to increase the correlation coefficients, range ra = 0·55 to 0·89. Bland–Altman statistics showed that mean differences between methods were in the range of −12·5 % to +12·5 % except for vitamin B12 (−18·9 %).ConclusionAlthough there were differences in absolute energy and nutrient intakes between methods, Spearman rank correlation coefficients indicated reasonable agreement in the ranking of intakes. The interviewer-administered FFQ is a useful tool for assessing energy and nutrient intakes of healthy infants aged about 6 months.

scholarly journals Reliability of a Brief Intercept Survey for Trail Use Behaviors

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Troped ◽  
Heather A. Whitcomb ◽  
Brent Hutto ◽  
Julian A. Reed ◽  
Steven P. Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Trail Use ◽  
Percent Agreement ◽  
Intercept Survey ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Purpose:This study assessed test-retest reliability of an interviewer-administered trail survey.Methods:An intercept survey was conducted with adults using 2 paved trails in Indiana and South Carolina (N = 295; mean age = 46.9 ± 18 y). The survey included items on frequency and duration of trail use for recreation and transportation, other patterns of trail use, and sociodemographic characteristics. Fifty-five adults completed the survey twice (2−16 d apart; mean = 7.4 ± 2.6 d). Test-retest reliability was assessed with Spearman rank correlation coefficients, Kappa coefficients, and percent agreement.Results:Kappa coefficients and percent agreement for 9 categorical items ranged from 0.65 to 0.96 and from 64.0% to 98.2%, respectively. Among these items, the lowest Kappas were found for perceived safety (0.65) and reported duration of visits for recreational purposes (0.67). Spearman rank correlation coefficients for travel distance to and on the trail and frequency of trail use during the past 7 days and past 4 weeks ranged from 0.62 to 0.93.Conclusion:Though further assessments of this survey with different populations and types of trails may be warranted, its overall high reliability indicates it can be used by researchers and practitioners in its current form.

scholarly journals Assessment of temperament and its effect on weaning performance for Aubrac and Charolais weaned calves

2009 ◽  
pp. 161-169
Author(s):  
Andrea Szentléleki ◽  
Zoltán Domokos ◽  
Claudio Blottura ◽  
Massimiliano Alberti ◽  
János Tőzsér
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Test ◽  
Calf Rearing

The purposes of the present study are to compare the temperament of calves of different breed and sex at weaning, to analyse the effect of temperament on weaning performance, and todefine the correlations  between the previous traits. In the experiment carried out in Gelej in 2006 the behaviour of 61 Aubrac and 25 Charolais calves (39 heifer and 47 bull calves) wasassessed at weaning. The weight (WW) and the age of animals were detected, in addition temperament (TEMP) of them was scored. The weaning age (AU: 190±16.96 days, CH: 176±14.94days; P<0.001) and the weaning weight adjusted to 205 days of age (CWW) (AU: 192.39±31.32 kg, CH: 213.80±23.99 kg; P<0.01) of the two breeds significantly differed of each other. Thetemperament of calves was evaluated by scale test on a 5-point scale during weighing. The data were processed by SPSS 14.0 program package (Mann-Whitney U test, MANOVA, Tukey test,Spearman rank correlation test). Significant difference was revealed between the two breeds in TEMP (AU: 2 scores and CH: 3 scores; P<0.001), furthermore also difference was provenbetween the bull calves of Aubrac and Charolais in the behaviour (AU: 2 scores and CH: 3 scores, P<0.01). Analysing the effect of sex both for 86 calves and each breed, it was showed that the TEMP of the heifer and bull calves was equalled (P>0.10). Both of the WW and CWW were influenced by the behaviour of calves (P<0.05), which meant that the more excitable calves had higher WW and CWW. Positive, weak correlation coefficients were calculated among the TEMP, the WW and the CWW (rrank=0.28 and rrank=0.31; P<0.01). By their results it was concluded that in young age not only the performance but also the behaviour of calves are determined by the calf rearing ability of suckling cow. 

scholarly journals The correlation between the distribution of tourism assets and the location of tourist accommodation in Łódź Province

Turyzm ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Sylwia Żakowska ◽  
Katarzyna Podhorodecka
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Tourist Accommodation ◽  
The Relationship

This article presents the correlation between natural and non-natural tourism assets and the distribution of tourist accommodation in the 24 powiats (districts) of Łódź Province. The authors, having divided these assets into natural and non-natural, discusses their occurrence in individual powiats. Next, tourist accommodation in Łódź Province is described, along with a presentation of statistical data. An important part of the paper is the presentation of the research results obtained by means of the point bonitation method. At the final stage, Spearman rank correlation coefficients is calculated, showing the strength of the relationship between selected tourism assets and the distribution of tourist accommodation.

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