scholarly journals A Few TH-Immunoreactive Neurons Closely Appose DMX-Located Neuronal Somata Projecting to the Stomach Prepyloric Region in the Pig

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2008
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Calka ◽  
Marta Ganko ◽  
Andrzej Rychlik
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Regulatory Action ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Neuronal Somata ◽  
Fast Blue ◽  
Retrograde Tracer ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Efferent Neurons ◽  
Functional Control

The vagus nerve is responsible for efferent innervation and functional control of stomach functions. The efferent fibers originate from neurons located in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMX) and undergo functional control of the local neuroregulatory terminals. The aim of the present study was to examine the existence of morphological foundations for direct regulatory action of the local TH-immunoreactive neurons on parasympathetic efferent neurons supplying the prepyloric region of the porcine stomach. Combined injection of neuronal retrograde tracer Fast Blue into the stomach prepyloric region with TH immunostaining was used in order to visualize spatial relationship between DMX-located stomach prepyloric region supplying neuronal stomata and local TH-IR terminals. We confirmed existence of TH-immunoreactive neural terminals closely opposing the stomach prepyloric region innervating neurons at the porcine DMX area. The observed spatial relationship points out the possibility of indirect catecholaminergic control of the stomach function exerted through preganglionic parasympathetic efferent neurons in the pig.

Glutamatergic plasticity within neurocircuits of the dorsal vagal complex and the regulation of gastric functions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Clyburn ◽  
Kirsteen N Browning
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Intestinal Secretion ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Glutamatergic Transmission ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Efferent Neurons ◽  
Rapid Transmission

The meticulous regulation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is required for the co-ordination of gastric motility and emptying, intestinal secretion, absorption, and transit as well as for the overarching management of food intake and energy homeostasis. Disruption of GI functions is associated with the development of severe GI disorders as well as the alteration of food intake and caloric balance. Functional GI disorders as well as the dysregulation of energy balance and food intake are frequently associated with, or result from, alterations in the central regulation of GI control. The faithful and rapid transmission of information from the stomach and upper GI tract to second order neurons of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) relies on the delicate modulation of excitatory glutamatergic transmission, as does the relay of integrated signals from the NTS to parasympathetic efferent neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). Many studies have focused on understanding the physiological and pathophysiological modulation of these glutamatergic synapses, although their role in the control and regulation of GI functions has lagged behind that of cardiovascular and respiratory functions. The purpose of this review is to examine the current literature exploring the role of glutamatergic transmission in the DVC in the regulation of Gl functions.

Substance P- and tyrosine hydroxylase- containing neurom in the human dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve

1993 ◽  
Vol 335 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Feng Huang ◽  
George Paxinos ◽  
Paul Halasz ◽  
Deborah McRitchie ◽  
Istvan Törk
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus

Aortic nerve-activated cardioinhibitory neurons and interneurons

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Schwaber ◽  
N Schneiderman
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Baroreceptor Reflex ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Antidromic Activation ◽  
Medial Nucleus ◽  
Aortic Nerve ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Stimulation Of

Unit activity evoked by electrical stimulation of the aortic and vagus nerves was recorded in the dorsal motor nucleus and nucleus solitarius of unanesthetized rabbits. Cardioinhibitory cells which showed antidromic activation to stimulation of the vagus nerve and synaptic activation to stimulation of the aortic nerve were localized in lateral dorsal motor nucleus 0.5-0.8 mm anterior of the obex. Additionally, units were found that appeared to be interneurons in the medullary pathway subserving baroreceptor reflex effects on cardioinhibitory neurons. These cells were activated by aortic, and usually vagus, nerve stimulation, appeared to be polysynaptically activated, and were located in medial nucleus solitarius rostral to the obex. Neurons reflecting a cardiac rhythm but not activated by aortic nerve stimulation were also observed.

scholarly journals Noradrenergic neurons in the rat solitary nucleus participate in the esophageal-gastric relaxation reflex

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. R479-R489 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Rogers ◽  
R. A. Travagli ◽  
G. E. Hermann
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Adrenoceptor Antagonist ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Efferent Neurons ◽  
Nos Inhibitor ◽  
Immunohistochemical Techniques ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Local Brain

Activation of esophageal mechanosensors excites neurons in and near the central nucleus of the solitary tract (NSTc). In turn, NSTc neurons coordinate the relaxation of the stomach [i.e., the receptive relaxation reflex (RRR)] by modulating the output of vagal efferent neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN). The NSTc area contains neurons with diverse neurochemical phenotypes, including a large population of catecholaminergic and nitrergic neurons. The aim of the present study was to determine whether either one of these prominent neuronal phenotypes was involved in the RRR. Immunohistochemical techniques revealed that repetitive esophageal distension caused 53% of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-ir) neurons to colocalize c-Fos in the NSTc. No nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-ir neurons in the NSTc colocalized c-Fos in either distension or control conditions. Local brain stem application (2 ng) of α-adrenoreceptor antagonists (i.e., α1-prazosin or α2-yohimbine) significantly reduced the magnitude of the esophageal distension-induced gastric relaxation to ∼55% of control conditions. The combination of yohimbine and prazosin reduced the magnitude of the reflex to ∼27% of control. In contrast, pretreatment with either the NOS-inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester or the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol did not interfere with esophageal distension-induced gastric relaxation. Unilateral microinjections of the agonist norepinephrine (0.3 ng) directed at the DMN were sufficient to mimic the transient esophageal-gastric reflex. Our data suggest that noradrenergic, but not nitrergic, neurons of the NSTc play a prominent role in the modulation of the RRR through action on α1- and α2-adrenoreceptors. The finding that esophageal afferent stimulation alone is not sufficient to activate NOS-positive neurons in the NSTc suggests that these neurons may be strongly gated by other central nervous system inputs, perhaps related to the coordination of swallowing or emesis with respiration.

Axotomy alters alternative splicing of choline acetyltransferase in the rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve

2009 ◽  
Vol 513 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Saito ◽  
Takashi Sato ◽  
Hiroyuki Okano ◽  
Ken-Ichiro Toyoda ◽  
Hitoshi Bamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Choline Acetyltransferase ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus
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