scholarly journals Free-Range and Low-Protein Concentrated Diets in Iberian Pigs: Effect on Plasma Insulin and Leptin Concentration, Lipogenic Enzyme Activity, and Fatty Acid Composition of Adipose Tissue

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Juan F. Tejeda ◽  
Alejandro Hernández-Matamoros ◽  
Elena González
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lipogenic Enzyme ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of diets with different protein contents on carcass traits, plasma hormone concentration, lipogenic enzyme activities, and fatty acid (FA) composition in the adipose tissue of Iberian pigs. Twenty-four castrated male Iberian pigs (eight per feeding diet) were fed under free-range conditions with acorns and grass (FR), and in confinement with concentrated diets with standard (SP) and low-protein contents (LP) from 116.0 to 174.2 kg live weight. Backfat thickness was not affected by diet. The plasma leptin concentration was higher (p < 0.001) in the FR group than in the LP and SP groups, while insulin concentration was higher in the SP group than in the LP and FR groups. The lipogenic enzyme activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were lower in the FR group compared to the LP and SP pigs. The activities of these enzymes were adipose-tissue-specific. No differences were found in FA composition of adipose tissue between the SP and LP groups, while the FR pigs had lower proportions of saturated FA and higher proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FA than the SP and LP pigs. In conclusion, feeding low-protein diets in Iberian pigs does not seem to affect adipose carcass traits, strengthening previous findings that indicate that this is a good strategy to improve meat and dry-cured product quality.

Adipocyte size and lipogenic enzyme activities in different adipose tissue depots in steers of local Spanish breeds

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Mendizabal ◽  
P. Albertí ◽  
P. Eguinoa ◽  
A. Arana ◽  
B. Soret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lipogenic Enzyme ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Adipose Tissue Depots ◽  
Fat Depot ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

AbstractThe effect of genotype on the size of adipocytes and on the lipogenic enzyme activities in different fat depots in Asturiana, Avilena, Morucha, Parda Alpina, Pirenaica, Retinta and Rubia Gallega steers was studied (six animals per breed). Steers were weaned at about 6 to 8 months of age and 220 to 260 kg live weight (LW). During the fattening period the steers were given commercial concentrates and straw, both ad libitum, until slaughter at 470 kg average LW. Adipocyte size and activity of the following lipogenic enzymes were studied: glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G 3-PDH); fatty acid synthase (FAS); NADP-malate dehydrogenase (MD), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G 6-PDH) and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) in the omental, perirenal, subcutaneous and intermuscular adipose depots. Also the perirenal fat depot was removed and weighed and the 10th rib was dissected. Differences between breeds were significant for the amount of fat in the different adipose depots (P < 0·001), for adipocyte size (except in intermuscular depot) and for G 3-PDH, FAS, MD, ICDH (P < 0·001) and G 6-PDH (P < 0·01). In general, steers of breeds that had more fat also had bigger adipocytes and higher lipogenic enzyme activities. In this way, Asturiana breed (lean breed) had smaller adipocytes and lower lipogenic enzyme activities than Morucha breed (fatter breed). Finally, adipocytes from the perirenal depot were the biggest and showed the highest G 3-PDH and FAS activities while adipocytes from the intermuscular depot had the smallest size and the lowest lipogenic activities.

Lipogenic activity in Rasa Aragonesa ewes of different body condition score

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Arana ◽  
J. A. Mendizabal ◽  
R. Delfa ◽  
P. Eguinoa ◽  
B. Soret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Lipogenic Enzyme ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Condition Score

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of body condition score on tissue and metabolic characteristics of the adipose depots in sheep of Rasa Aragonesa breed. Ewes were uniformly assigned according to their body condition score (BCS) (scale 0 to 5), to four groups: 0.75–1.75, 2–2.75, 3–3.75, and 4–4.5. The amount of fat and the adipocyte size in the different adipose depots increased as BCS did (P < 0.001) while the number of adipocytes did not change. The greatest ability to accumulate or mobilize fat was the subcutaneous depot (slope of the regression between amount of fat and BCS, b = 1.92; P < 0.001). Fatty acid synthase (FAS) lipogenic enzyme activity was affected by BCS, while G3-PDH and G6-PDH activities were not. Key words: Adipose tissue, body condition score, adipocyte size, lipogenic enzyme activity, ewes

Low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet increases glucose uptake and fatty acid synthesis in brown adipose tissue of rats

Nutrition ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suélem Aparecida de França ◽  
Maísa Pavani dos Santos ◽  
Roger Vinícius Nunes Queiroz da Costa ◽  
Mendalli Froelich ◽  
Samyra Lopes Buzelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Brown Adipose

scholarly journals Effect of diet and rumen development on the composition of adipose tissue triglycerides of the calf

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Garton ◽  
W. R. H. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Development

1. Samples of subcutaneous (inguinal) and perinephric adipose tissue were obtained, at slaughter, from each of twenty male calves. Three were neonatal animals, three were 3 days old and two were fed on reconstituted milk to appetite until they weighed 100 kg. The other twelve calves were given milk until they reached 50 kg live weight; concentrates were then included in the diet until, at 60 kg live weight, six calves were slaughtered. The remaining six calves were raised to 100 kg on concentrates alone. The weight of the empty reticulo-rumen of each slaughtered calf was recorded.2. The component fatty acids of the adipose tissue triglycerides of the neonatal and 3-day-old calves were very similar; about 80% consisted of oleic acid (18:1) and palmitic acid (16:0) and the remainder comprised stearic acid (18:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1) and myristic acid (14:0), together with very small amounts of other acids which, in the glycerides of the 3-day-old calves, included some evidently of colostral origin. The perinephric glycerides of both these groups of calves were somewhat more unsaturated than were those of subcutaneous adipose tissue.3. The continued consumption of milk by the calves slaughtered at 60 kg live weight was reflected in the presence of enhanced proportions of 14:0, 18:2, 17:0 and 17:1 in the depot triglycerides and, in addition, very small amounts of branched-chain acids and trans 18:1 were detected. A similar fatty acid pattern was observed in the triglycerides of the calves which were given milk only until they were 100 kg live weight. In all these calves only limited growth of the rumen took place.4. By contrast, the calves which were raised on solid feed from 60 kg to 100 kg and in which rumen development had taken place had depot triglycerides whose fatty acid composition resembled that found in adult animals. Increased proportions of stearic acid accompanied by relatively large amounts of trans 18:1 were present, evidently as a result of the assimilation of the products of bacterial modification of dietary fatty acids in the rumen.5. Regardless of the age of the calves and the over-all fatty acid composition of their tissue triglycerides, the intramolecular disposition of the fatty acids was similar in that saturated components were present esterified mainly in positions 1 and 3, and unsaturated acids for the most part in position 2; the only major exception to this distribution pattern was in respect of trans 18:1 which, when present, was preferentially esterified to the primary alcoholic groups of the glycerol moiety as if it were a saturated acid.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, breed and dietary vitamin E on the fatty acids of lamb muscle, liver and adipose tissue

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Demirel ◽  
A. M. Wachira ◽  
L. A. Sinclair ◽  
R. G. Wilkinson ◽  
J. D. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Lipid Fractions

The effect of feeding n-3 PUFA on the fatty acid composition of muscle, adipose tissue and liver of lambs was investigated. Groups of eight ram lambs per breed, Suffolk×Lleyn (24kg live weight) and Scottish Blackface (18kg live weight), were each fed one of six diets containing one of three fat sources (50g fatty acids/kg DM; Megalac® (calcium soap of palm fatty acid distillate; Volac Ltd, Royston, Herts., UK) and formaldehyde-treated whole linseed (Trouw Nutrition UK, Northwich, Ches., UK) either alone or with fish oil (1:1, w/w) and either 100 or 500mg α-tocopheryl acetate/kg DM. Feed was offered ad libitum until slaughter at approximately half breed mature live weight. The type of dietary fat had no effect on intake, growth rate or feed conversion ratio. The 3·0-fold higher concentration of 18:3n-3 in the linseed compared with the Megalac® diet approximately doubled (P<0·001) the concentration in the neutral and polar lipid fractions of musculus semimembranosus and liver, and in adipose tissue it increased 2·5-fold. Feeding protected linseed also increased (P<0·001) concentrations of 20:5n-3 and 22:5n-3 in muscle polar lipids and both lipid fractions of liver. The linseed–fish oil raised the 20:5n-3 concentrations above those for the linseed diet and also increased 22:6n-3. Scottish Blackface lambs had lower concentrations of 18:3n-3 in all lipids compared with Suffolk x Lleyn lambs, but more 20:5n-3 in the polar lipids of muscle and liver. High levels of dietary vitamin E were associated with small decreases in the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids and increases in PUFA. Linseed raised the PUFA:saturated fatty acid ratios in liver and adipose tissue but not in muscle, and improved the n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio, as did the linseed–fish oil. Different combinations of dietary fatty acids and better protection against rumen biohydrogenation are required to improve muscle PUFA:saturated fatty acids ratios.

scholarly journals CD36 regulates fatty acid composition and sensitivity to insulin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

2007 ◽  
pp. 493-496
Author(s):  
K Kontrová ◽  
J Zídková ◽  
B Bartoš ◽  
V Skop ◽  
J Sajdok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Affect Insulin Sensitivity

In the current study, we tested a hypothesis that CD36 fatty acid (FA) transporter might affect insulin sensitivity by indirect effects on FA composition of adipose tissue. We examined the effects of CD36 downregulation by RNA interference in 3T3-L1 adipocytes on FA transport and composition and on sensitivity to insulin action. Transfected 3T3-L1 adipocytes, without detectable CD36 protein, showed reduced neutral lipid levels and significant differences in FA composition when levels of essential FA and their metabolites were lower or could not be detected including gamma linolenic (C18:3 n6), eicosadienic (C20:2 n6), dihomo-gamma linolenic (C20:3 n6), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) (C20:5 n3), docosapentaenoic (DPA) (C22:5 n3), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) (C22:6 n3) FA. Transfected 3T3-L1 adipocytes exhibited a significantly higher n6/n3 FA ratio, reduced 5-desaturase and higher 9-desaturase activities. These lipid profiles were associated with a significantly reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (4.02+/-0.1 vs. 8.42+/-0.26 pmol.10(-3) cells, P=0.001). These findings provide evidence that CD36 regulates FA composition thereby affecting sensitivity to insulin action in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary fat source and breed on the carcass composition, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid content of sheep meat and adipose tissue

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Wachira ◽  
L. A. Sinclair ◽  
R. G. Wilkinson ◽  
M. Enser ◽  
J. D. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Sheep Meat

Seventy-two 8-week-old ram lambs from three breeds, Suffolk, Soay and Friesland, were offered one of four diets based on dried grass and formulated to have a similar fatty acid content (60 g/kg DM) and containing: Megalac (high in 16 : 0, control; Volac Ltd, Royston, Herts., UK), whole linseed (18 : 3n-3), fish oil (20 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3) or whole linseed plus fish oil. The lambs were slaughtered at approximately half of their mature live weight (43, 21 and 43 kg for Suffolk, Soay and Friesland lambs, respectively). Fish oil reduced DM intake and lamb live-weight gain (P<0·001), while DM intake, live-weight gain and subcutaneous fat content were highest in Suffolk and lowest in Soay lambs. Linseed feeding doubled the proportion (×100) of 18 : 3n-3 in the longissimus dorsi from 1·4 to 3·1 and in the subcutaneous adipose tissue from 1·2 to 2·6 (P<0·001). Suffolk and particularly Soay lambs contained higher proportions of 18 : 3n-3 than Friesland lambs in the longissimus dorsi, while in the adipose tissue, Suffolk lambs had the highest level. Feeding fish oil increased the muscle proportion (×100) of 20 : 5n-3 from 0·7 to 2·3 and 22 : 6n-3 from 0·3 to 0·8 (P<0·001). By contrast, the proportions of the longer-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were similar across all three breeds. All three lipid supplements containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased the content of muscle trans-18 : 1 relative to the control values, but conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9,trans-11–18 : 2) only increased in the muscle of lambs fed linseed. Feeding linseed or fish oil lowered the n-6 : n-3 ratio in sheep meat, but neither diet nor breed had much effect on the polyunsaturated fatty acid: saturated fatty acid ratio.

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