scholarly journals Polymorphism of the Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) Gene and its Role in Determining the Coat Colour of Central European Cattle Breeds

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1878
Author(s):  
Karolina Kasprzak-Filipek ◽  
Wioletta Sawicka-Zugaj ◽  
Zygmunt Litwińczuk ◽  
Witold Chabuz ◽  
Rūta Šveistienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Melanocortin 1 Receptor ◽  
Mc1r Gene ◽  
Central European ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
European Cattle

There are many genes responsible for the appearance of different coat colours, among which the melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R) plays an important role. The aim of the study was to characterize genetic variation in Central European cattle breeds based on polymorphism of the MC1R gene and factors determining their coat colour. The study was conducted on 290 individuals of the following breeds: Polish White-Backed (PW), Lithuanian White-Backed (LW), Polish Red (PR), Lithuanian Red (LR), Carpathian Brown (CB), Ukrainian Grey (UG), and Slovak Pinzgau (SP). Polymorphism at the MC1R gene locus was analysed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using two restriction enzymes: Cfr10I and SsiI. The proportions of alleles and genotypes in the MC1R locus indicates a strong relationship between polymorphism and the coat colour of cattle: The ED allele proved to be characteristic for the breeds with a white-backed coat (PW and LW), while the dominant allele in the red breeds (PR and LR) was E+. It is noteworthy that coat colour in the SP population was determined only by the recessive e allele, which resulted in the formation of a separate clade in the phylogenetic tree.

Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene polymorphisms in three Italian cattle breeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Guastella ◽  
Silvia Sorbolini ◽  
Antonio Zuccaro ◽  
Elia Pintus ◽  
Salvatore Bordonaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Melanocortin 1 Receptor ◽  
Mc1r Gene ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Genetically Determined

The Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is one of the main genes implicated in the determination of the coat colour in mammals. This locus showed a relevant genetic variation between breeds that can be exploited for breed traceability of the animal productions. Modicana, Cinisara and Sardo-Modicana are three Italian endangered cattle breeds. Genetic characterisation by molecular markers is a fundamental prerequisite for managing genetic resources and for developing potential genetic traceability protocols. In order to improve the knowledge on Modicana, Cinisara and Sardo-Modicana breeds and to evaluate the possibility to develop DNA-based protocols for their mono-breeds products traceability, the genetic structure of MC1R gene was analysed. Four main alleles were observed in a representative sample of 162 animals. In the black coated Cinisara breed (n = 42), the ED and E+ alleles segregated with a frequency of 0.93 for ED allele. In the red coated Modicana (n = 60) and Sardo-Modicana (n = 60) breeds the E+ and E1 alleles segregated with frequencies of 0.42, 0.57 and 0.52, 0.47, respectively. The recessive allele e showed a low frequency (0.01) in both breeds. Sequencing a subsample of 34 animals the rare E2 allele was found only in Modicana and Sardo-Modicana at a good frequency (0.50). A new PCR-RFLP test, based on BstOI restriction endonuclease, was devised to assay for this allele. Results of the work indicate that red coat in Modicana and Sardo-Modicana cattle is genetically determined by the E+ and E1 alleles instead of the e allele at homozygote status, as occurs in other red European breeds. In these three Italian breeds of local importance, MC1R polymorphisms can be used to discriminate Cinisara from Modicana and Sardo-Modicana, but it was not able to distinguish between the two red coat populations.

Characterisation of the melanocortin-1 receptor gene in alpaca and identification of possible markers associated with phenotypic variations in colour

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Feeley ◽  
K. A. Munyard
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Melanocortin 1 Receptor ◽  
Mc1r Gene ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Phenotypic Variations

The aim of this study was to determine if any correlation exists between melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) polymorphisms and skin and fibre colour in alpacas. Primers capable of amplifying the entire alpaca MC1R gene were designed from a comparative alignment of Bos taurus and Mus musculus MC1R gene sequences. The complete MC1R gene of 41 alpacas exhibiting a range of fibre colours, and which were sourced from farms across Australia, was sequenced from PCR products. Twenty-one single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified within MC1R. Two of these polymorphisms (A82G and C901T) have the potential to reduce eumelanin production by disrupting the activity of MC1R. No agreement was observed between fibre colour alone and MC1R genotype in the 41 animals in this study. However, when the animals were assigned to groups based on the presence or absence of eumelanin in their fibre and skin, only animals that had at least one allele with the A82/C901 combination expressed eumelanin. We propose that A82/C901 is the wild-type dominant ‘E’ MC1R allele, while alpacas with either G82/T901 or G82/Y901 are homozygous for the recessive ‘e’ MC1R allele and are therefore unable to produce eumelanin.

scholarly journals Assessing losses of genetic variability in the endangered Mallorquí horse

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 456-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Álvarez ◽  
L.J. Royo ◽  
L. Pérez-Pardal ◽  
I. Fernández ◽  
L. Payeras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
Melanocortin 1 Receptor ◽  
Future Viability

Information contained in the studbook of the endangered Mallorqu&iacute; horse was analysed to assess the genetic variability of the breed. Also, the effect of selection for coat colour variation was assessed using a set of 15 microsatellites genotyped on 68 Mallorqu&iacute; reproductive individuals previously diagnosed for the presence of the chestnut allele on the melanocortin-1 receptor gene. Mean inbreeding for the whole pedigree (310 individuals) was 2.5% while that for the individuals born during the last three years of recording (reference population) was 4.7%. Only 70% of all the founders have genetic representation in the reference population. A comparison of the parameters such as effective number of founders, effective number of ancestors and founder genome equivalents documented that the losses of founder genes occurred very soon after the implementation of conservation strategies. The parameter F<sub>IS</sub> computed from genealogical information was positive (0.029) for the whole population and negative (&ndash;0.024) for the reference population, thus illustrating the effort of the Mallorqu&iacute; horse breeders to avoid matings between relatives in later generations. A total of 14 individuals were heterozygotes for the chestnut allele (allele frequency of 10.6%). The rejection for reproduction of the chestnut heterozygote individuals would not affect the overall gene diversity of the population. However, the total allelic richness would decrease both at the within-subpopulation (1.2%) and total contribution level (0.4%). The chestnut heterozygote individuals are a within-breed reservoir of rare alleles that should be preserved to avoid risks for the future viability of the breed.

scholarly journals A composite six bp in-frame deletion in the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene is associated with the Japanese brindling coat colour in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

BMC Genetics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Fontanesi ◽  
Emilio Scotti ◽  
Michela Colombo ◽  
Francesca Beretti ◽  
Lionel Forestier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Melanocortin 1 Receptor ◽  
Mc1r Gene

scholarly journals Analysis of Prolactin and Kappa-Casein Genes Polymorphism in Four Cattle Breeds in Turkey

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-806
Author(s):  
Bilal Akyüz ◽  
Mehmet Ulaş Çınar
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Casein Genes

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify allele and genotype frequencies of CSN3 and PRL genes in four cattle breeds in Turkey. For this purpose, a total of 390 cattle of East Anatolian Red (EAR), Zavot, Brown Swiss (BS) and Simmental (SIM) breeds were genotyped by PCR-RFLP method. A 443 bp fragment of CSN3 and a 156 bp fragment of PRL were amplified and digested with HindIII and RsaI restriction enzymes, respectively. For CSN3 and PRL genes, two types of alleles (A and B) and three types of genotypes (AA, BB, and AB) were observed. The highest frequencies for CSN3-A and CSN3-B alleles were estimated for the EAR breed (0.743) and for the BS breed (0.556), respectively. The highest frequency for PRL-A and PRL-B alleles was estimated for the SIM breed (0.801) and for the BS breed (0.315), respectively. The Chi-square test among the investigated cattle breeds showed that only the Zavot breed was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) for both loci.

scholarly journals Missense and nonsense mutations in melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene of different goat breeds: association with red and black coat colour phenotypes but with unexpected evidences

BMC Genetics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Fontanesi ◽  
Francesca Beretti ◽  
Valentina Riggio ◽  
Stefania Dall'Olio ◽  
Elena Gómez González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Colour ◽  
Nonsense Mutations ◽  
Melanocortin 1 Receptor ◽  
Mc1r Gene

scholarly journals SNPs in AKIRIN2, TTN, EDG1 and MYBPC1 genes are associated with growth-related traits in Chinese Qinchuan cattle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaxing Li ◽  
Gong Cheng ◽  
Yunbo Zhao ◽  
Chunling Bai ◽  
Shenyuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Japanese Black Cattle ◽  
Qinchuan Cattle ◽  
Korean Cattle ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Chinese Cattle ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
European Cattle

Abstract Growth performances are the main breeding objectives in Chinese beef cattle. The objective of this study was to confirm genetic effects of the c.*188G > A SNP in AKIRIN2, the g.231054C > T SNP in TTN, the g.1471620G > T SNP in EDG1, and the g.70014208A > G SNP in MYBPC1 gene on growth-related traits in Chinese Qinchuan cattle, as well as to compare the frequencies of the well-characterized alleles of these SNPs among six Chinese cattle populations, three Japanese cattle populations, two European cattle populations and one Korean cattle breed. In this study, a total of 655 cattle samples were genotyped using MassARRAY and PCR-RFLP. Association analysis indicated that the four SNPs have effects one to six indexes of growth-related traits including body length, wither height, hip height, hip width, rump length, chest depth and chest circumference in Chinese Qinchuan cattle (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). The well-characterized A (c.*188G > A), T (g.231054C > T) and T (g.1471620G > T) alleles in Japanese Black cattle were significantly higher than Chinese cattle breeds, on the contrary, the G allele (g.70014208A > G) was markedly higher in Chinese cattle breeds than other cattle breeds. These results suggest that the four SNPs might be useful as a molecular marker for growth-related traits in Chinese Qinchuan cattle.

scholarly journals Microsatellite diversity suggests different histories for Mediterranean and Northern European cattle populations

2005 ◽  
Vol 272 (1574) ◽  
pp. 1837-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Cymbron ◽  
Abigail R Freeman ◽  
M Isabel Malheiro ◽  
Jean-Denis Vigne ◽  
Daniel G Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Near East ◽  
Central European ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
European Cattle ◽  
Microsatellite Diversity

Based on archaeological evidence, the spread of agropastoralism across Europe followed two main paths: the Danubian route, along which Neolithic farmers expanded north across the central European plains; and the Mediterranean route, where migration occurred along the coast of the Mediterranean sea. Here we examine 20 cattle breeds from the continent and assess the genetic diversity levels and relationships among the breeds using 19 microsatellite markers. Additionally, we show evidence that concords with two distinct cattle migrations from the Near East, and also demonstrate that Mediterranean cattle breeds may have had more recent input from both the Near East and Africa.

scholarly journals Assessment of the genetic structure of Central European cattle breeds based on functional gene polymorphism

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. e00525
Author(s):  
Karolina Kasprzak-Filipek ◽  
Wioletta Sawicka-Zugaj ◽  
Zygmunt Litwińczuk ◽  
Witold Chabuz ◽  
Rūta Šveistienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Functional Gene ◽  
Central European ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
European Cattle
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