scholarly journals Welfare Assessment in Calves Fattened According to the “Outdoor Veal Calf” Concept and in Conventional Veal Fattening Operations in Switzerland

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Lara Moser ◽  
Jens Becker ◽  
Gertraud Schüpbach-Regula ◽  
Sarah Kiener ◽  
Sereina Grieder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Lung Lesion ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Calf Health ◽  
Veal Calf ◽  
One Year

The “outdoor veal calf” system was developed to encounter the demand for a veal fattening system that allows for reducing antimicrobial use without impairing animal welfare. Management improvements including direct purchase, short transportation, vaccination, three-week quarantine in individual hutches, and open-air housing in small groups in a roofed, straw-bedded paddock with a group hutch were implemented in a prospective intervention study (1905 calves, 19 intervention and 19 control farms, over one year): antimicrobial use was five times lower in "outdoor veal" farms compared to control farms (p < 0.001), but it was crucial to ensure that antimicrobial treatment reduction was not associated with decreased animal welfare, i.e., that sick animals were not left untreated. Welfare was assessed monthly on the farms, and organs of 339 calves were examined after slaughter. Cough and nasal discharge were observed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) less often in intervention than in control farms, mortality (3.1% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.020) and lung lesion prevalence (26% vs. 46%, p < 0.001) were lower; no group difference was seen in abomasal lesion prevalence (65% vs. 72%). Thus, besides reduced antimicrobial use, calf health and welfare were improved in "outdoor veal calf" farms in comparison to traditional operations.

scholarly journals Correction: Effects of Reducing Antimicrobial Use and Applying a Cleaning and Disinfection Program in Veal Calf Farming: Experiences from an Intervention Study to Control Livestock-Associated MRSA

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e0139536
Author(s):  
Alejandro Dorado-García ◽  
Haitske Graveland ◽  
Marian E. H. Bos ◽  
Koen M. Verstappen ◽  
Brigitte A. G. L. Van Cleef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Veal Calf ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection

scholarly journals Effects of Reducing Antimicrobial Use and Applying a Cleaning and Disinfection Program in Veal Calf Farming: Experiences from an Intervention Study to Control Livestock-Associated MRSA

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e0135826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Dorado-García ◽  
Haitske Graveland ◽  
Marian E. H. Bos ◽  
Koen M. Verstappen ◽  
Brigitte A. G. L. Van Cleef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Veal Calf ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection

Veal calf health on the day of arrival at growers in Ohio

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 3863
Author(s):  
J. Pempek ◽  
D. Trearchis ◽  
M. Masterson ◽  
G. Habing ◽  
K. Proudfoot
Keyword(s):  
Calf Health ◽  
Veal Calf

Urine Cultures among Hospitalized Veterans: Casting Too Broad a Net?

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri M. Drekonja ◽  
Christina Gnadt ◽  
Michael A. Kuskowski ◽  
James R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
High Count ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients

Since detection of asymptomatic bacteriuria among inpatients often leads to inappropriate antimicrobial treatment, we studied why urine cultures were ordered and correlates of treatment. Most cultures were obtained from patients without urinary complaints and a minority from asymptomatic patients. High-count bacteriuria, not clinical manifestations, appeared to trigger most antimicrobial use.

Principles of Judicious Use of Antimicrobial Agents for Pediatric Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 101 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 163-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott F. Dowell ◽  
S. Michael Marcy ◽  
William R. Phillips ◽  
Michael A. Gerber ◽  
Benjamin Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Oral Agents ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

This article introduces a set of principles to define judicious antimicrobial use for five conditions that account for the majority of outpatient antimicrobial use in the United States. Data from the National Center for Health Statistics indicate that in recent years, approximately three fourths of all outpatient antibiotics have been prescribed for otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, or nonspecific upper respiratory tract infection.1Antimicrobial drug use rates are highest for children1; therefore, the pediatric age group represents the focus for the present guidelines. The evidence-based principles presented here are focused on situations in which antimicrobial therapy could be curtailed without compromising patient care. They are not formulated as comprehensive management strategies. For most upper respiratory infections that require antimicrobial treatment, there are several appropriate oral agents from which to choose. Although the general principles of selecting narrow-spectrum agents with the fewest side effects and lowest cost are important, the principles that follow include few specific antibiotic selection recommendations.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial use policy change in pre-weaned dairy calves and its impact on antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli: a cross sectional and ecological study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine A. Afema ◽  
Margaret A. Davis ◽  
William M. Sischo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Calf Health ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Abstract Background This study is based on data collected to investigate the relation of peri-parturient events (colostrum quality, passive transfer of immunity, calving difficulty) on calf health and antimicrobial use. A component of the study was to provide feedback to farm management to identify calves at risk for disease and promote antimicrobial stewardship. At the start of the study (May 2016), a combination of enrofloxacin, penicillin, and sulfamethoxazole was the first treatment given to clinically abnormal calves. Based on feedback and interaction between study investigators, farm management and consulting veterinarians, a new policy was implemented to reduce antimicrobial use in calves. In August, the first treatment was changed to a combination of ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole. In September, the first treatment was reduced to only sulfamethoxazole. We investigated the effects of these policy changes in antimicrobial use on resistance in commensal Escherichia coli. Results We enrolled 4301 calves at birth and documented antimicrobial use until weaning. Most calves (99.4%) received antimicrobials and 70.4% received a total of 2–4 treatments. Antimicrobial use was more intense in younger calves (≤ 28 days) relative to older calves. We isolated 544 E. coli from fecal samples obtained from 132 calves. We determined resistance to 12 antimicrobials and 85% of the isolates were resistant to at least 3 antimicrobial classes. We performed latent class analysis to identify underlying unique classes where isolates shared resistance patterns and selected a solution with 4 classes. The least resistant class had isolates that were mainly resistant to only tetracycline and sulfisoxazole. The other 3 classes comprised isolates with resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, tetracycline, in addition to either ceftiofur; or nalidixic acid; or ciprofloxacin plus nalidixic acid and ceftiofur. Overall, E coli from younger calves and calves that received multiple treatments were more likely to have extensive resistance including resistance to fluoroquinolones and ceftiofur. In general, there was a declining trend in resistance to most antimicrobials during and after policy changes were implemented, except for ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, ceftiofur and gentamicin. Conclusions Information feedback to farms can influence farm managers to reduce antimicrobial use and this can change endemic farm resistance patterns.

Effects of pharmaceutical counselling on antimicrobial use in surgical wards: intervention study with historical control group,

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Grill ◽  
Alexandra Weber ◽  
Stefanie Lohmann ◽  
Cornelia Vetter-Kerkhoff ◽  
Ralf Strobl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Study ◽  
Historical Control Group ◽  
Historical Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antimicrobial Use
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