scholarly journals Wildlife Farms, Stigma and Harm

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Bell Rizzolo
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Wildlife Use ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Commercial Breeding ◽  
Wildlife Farming

Wildlife farming, the commercial breeding and legal sale of non-domesticated species, is an increasingly prevalent, persistently controversial, and understudied conservation practice. The adoption or rejection of wildlife farms is a complex process that incorporates numerous ethical considerations: conservation, livelihoods, animal welfare, and cultural practices. This paper uses qualitative interview data with key informants (academics) to analyze (a) the harms and benefits of wildlife farms and (b) the factors that influence whether wildlife farms are stigmatized or accepted. In evaluations of wildlife farming’s harms and benefits, respondents incorporated multiple considerations: animal welfare, environmental impacts, scale disparities between sustenance and commercial farms, consumer preferences, species differences, the substitutability and accessibility of wildlife products, and governance. The results further indicated that the stigmatization or acceptance of wildlife farms is affected by the “wildlife farm” label, if there is a stigma around use of a species, a form of production, or the perceived quality of a wildlife product, cultural differences in wildlife use, wildlife consumer typology, geopolitical factors, and demand reduction efforts. This paper analyzes the complexities of wildlife farming such that stakeholders can understand the impacts of this practice on species, human communities, individual animals, and the legal and illegal wildlife trades.

scholarly journals Effects on Synchronization and Reproductive Efficiency of Delaying the Removal of the Intravaginal Progesterone Device by 24 h in the 5d Co-synch Protocol in Heifers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Aitor Fernandez-Novo ◽  
Sergio Santos-Lopez ◽  
Jose Luis Pesantez-Pacheco ◽  
Natividad Pérez-Villalobos ◽  
Ana Heras-Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Beef Herds ◽  
Farm Economics

In beef herds, increasing animal welfare, improving reproductive performance and easing animal management are key goals in farm economics. We explored whether delaying the removal of the intravaginal progesterone device by 24 h in heifers synchronized with a 5d Co-synch 72-h protocol could improve reproductive efficiency of fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). In experiment 1, we examined the total synchronization rate (TSR) in cycling Holstein heifers. Heifers (13.4 ± 0.69 mo.) were randomly assigned to the standard 5d Co-synch 56-h protocol (5dCo56; n = 10), 5d Co-synch 72-h (5dCo72; n = 17), or the modified 5d Co-synch 72-h protocol, in which removal of the progesterone device was delayed by 24 h (6dCo48; n = 19). In experiment 2, 309 cycling beef heifers on 18 commercial farms were subjected to the 5d Co-synch 72-h or 6-d Co-synch 48-h protocol and conception rate (CR) studied. In experiment 1, the three protocols led no differences on TSRs of 80.0% (5dCo56), 88.2% (5dCo72), and 89.5% (6dCo48). In experiment 2, the CR from the beef heifers, observed during two consecutive reproductive seasons did not differ: 59.7% for 5dCo72 and 62.0% for 6dCo48 (p = 0.907). Therefore, delaying removal by 24 h provides satisfactory results without reducing reproductive efficiency of heifers.

scholarly journals Spectral and Hyperspectral Technologies as an Additional Tool to Increase Information on Quality and Origin of Horticultural Crops

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Amodio ◽  
Muhammad Mudassir Arif Chaudhry ◽  
Giancarlo Colelli
Keyword(s):  
Biological Tissue ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Minimal Processing ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays, consumer awareness of the impact of site of origin and method of production on the quality and safety of foods, and particularly of fresh produce, is driving the research towards developing various techniques to assist present certifications, traceability, and audit procedures. With regard to horticultural produce, consumer preferences have shifted to fruit and vegetables, which are healthy and ecologically produced, and toward processed foods having sustainable or social certifications and with sites of origin clearly reported on the label. Some recent studies demonstrate the potentiality of near infrared (NIR) technology (including hyperspectral imaging) for discriminating fresh and processed horticultural products based on their composition, quality attributes, and origin. These studies principally mention that each biological tissue possesses a fingerprint NIR spectrum, which consists of a unique and characteristic pattern of radiation, distinguishing a particular biological tissue from physically and/or chemically different samples. Particularly, recent studies discriminated apples, wine, wheat kernels, and derived flours based on their geographical origins. Spectral information allowed discrimination among growing methods (organic and conventional) for asparagus and strawberry fruits, and among harvest dates for fennels, table grapes, and artichokes. Moreover, information about freshness and storage days after minimal processing can be obtained. Recent literature and original results will be discussed. From our perspective, present results suggest that these techniques may have a potentiality to increase information about product history, but if and only if the variability captured by the classification models is vast in terms of diverse samples belonging to various cultivars, varieties, harvest times, cultural practices, geographical origins, storage conditions, and maturity stages, while being used as a complementary method to the conventional ones―either to make an initial screening of critical features, or to add to the amount of available information. Lacking the inclusion of these parameters could result in good classification results, but the reliability of the classification in this case would be dubious in terms of assessment of the factor contributing towards correct classification.

scholarly journals The Perpetual Other.

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Löffler
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Cultural Narratives ◽  
Negotiation Of Identity ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Japanese Architecture ◽  
Over Time

This paper describes cultural referencing as a complex process of knowledge production and knowledge management in which privileged interpretations shift over time. Using Japanese architecture as a case study and focussing especially on the second half of the nineteenth century as arguably the crucial period in this regard, it shows that knowledge gaps are crucial to the re-evaluation and re-interpretation of cultural practices, thus enabling a permanent adjustment of cultural narratives and the perpetual negotiation of identity in a contingent modern world.

scholarly journals Unintended consequences of selection for increased production on the health and welfare of livestock

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
Este van Marle-Köster ◽  
Carina Visser
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Longevity Selection

Abstract. Modern farming technologies, including quantitative selection and breeding methods in farm animal species, resulted in increased production and efficiency. Selection for increased output in both intensive and extensive production systems has trade-offs and negative outcomes, often more pronounced in intensive systems. Animal welfare and health are often adversely affected and this influences sustainable production. The relative importance of animal welfare differs among developed and developing countries due to the level of economic development, food security and education, as well as religious and cultural practices which presents challenges for sound scientific research. Due to breeding goals in the past set on growth performance, traits such as fertility, welfare and health have been neglected. Fertility is the single most important trait in all livestock species. Reduced fertility and lameness, claw health and mastitis results in unnecessary culling and reduced longevity. Selection pressure for growth accompanied with inbreeding has resulted in a number of genetic defects in beef, sheep and pigs. This review demonstrated the importance of inclusion of animal welfare concepts into breeding objectives and selection strategies. Accurate phenotyping of welfare traits is a limiting factor in the implementation of mitigating strategies, which include diagnostic testing, control of inbreeding and genomic selection.

Consumer preferences towards animal-friendly fashion products: an application to the Italian market

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Akli Achabou ◽  
Sihem Dekhili ◽  
Anna Paola Codini
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Value Orientation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fashion Products ◽  
Attitude Behavior

Purpose This paper aims to examine consumer preference for ethical fashion products by focusing on the importance of animal welfare attribute. To explain the attitude-behavior gap, this research proposes to explore the costs and sacrifices associated with the adoption of responsible behaviors. Design/methodology/approach To analyze in which manner the animal welfare attribute impacts the consumer preference, the authors carried two quantitative studies in the Italy context. The first one (n = 224) proposes to measure the importance of this attribute in the case of luxury vs accessible fashion. The second study (n = 101) examines how the attention given to animal welfare information could vary between prosocials and proselfs. Conjoint analyses that consider “proportion of real fur”; “information about animal treatment” and “price” attributes have been realized. To take into account the individuals characteristics, cluster analysis helped to identify different profiles of consumers. Findings The results reveal that even if consumers continue to prefer products made entirely from animal fur, they are sensitive to the information on the animal treatment conditions. Also, the animal welfare is not the most important criterion in explaining preference for a fashion product. This result varies, however, regarding the consumers’ social value orientation. Individuals with a high level of prosocial values give more importance to the animal welfare attribute and are less reluctant to the reduction of the proportion of real fur in the clothes. Proself consumers associate a higher sacrifice with the consumption of animal-friendly fashion products. Research limitations/implications This research enriches the limited literature on the consumers’ response to animal-friendly products. By considering the consumers’ social value orientation, it provides a better understanding of the attitude-behavior gap in animal-friendly fashion consumption. However, further studies should focus on the way of adapting communication on eco-products to the consumer profile. Moreover, it seems interesting to explore how the integration of innovative environmentally friendly materials can be accepted by the target. Replicating this research with representative consumer samples from different countries is also necessary. Practical implications From a practical point of view, this research offers implications for managers operating in fashion apparel industry by giving insights on the consumers’ preference for animal friendly fashion. Social implications This study gives recommendations to help convincing consumers about the importance of animal welfare attribute and to increase their preference for animal-friendly fashion products. Originality/value Despite the extensive use of animal fibers, fur and skins in the production of textiles, the few researchers who have shed the light on the consumers’ response to animal-friendly products have considered mainly the case of food. Also, the marketing literature gives little explanation of the attitude-behavior gap in ethical fashion consumption. By examining the consumers’ social value orientation, this study provides a better understanding of this gap.

Do consumers care about European food labels? An empirical evaluation using best-worst method

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (12) ◽  
pp. 2698-2711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana de-Magistris ◽  
Azucena Gracia ◽  
Jesus Barreiro-Hurle
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Food Labelling ◽  
Food Labels ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food Miles ◽  
Labelling Schemes

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate Spanish consumer preferences for several food-labelling schemes on semi-cured, pasteurised sheep milk cheese. In particular, the authors used three labels regulated by the European Union regulation (European organic logo, protected denomination of origin (PDO) and nutritional fat content), and the remaining four have been introduced to the European food market by private initiatives (local, carbon footprint, food miles and animal welfare). Design/methodology/approach A Best-Worst Discrete Choice approach was applied in Spain during Fall 2011 by administrating a survey to 549 consumers. Findings The results suggest that the most valued labels are the PDO, followed by the organic logo and the nutritional panel. The least valued are food-miles labelling and carbon foodprint labels, while local-origin labels and animal welfare are in the middle position. Originality/value This study is the first to value consumer preferences for cheese products bearing several public and private European food-labelling schemes since literature on consumer preferences for food labels has only dealt with a comparison of a few (two or at most three) food-labelling schemes. In addition, the added value of this paper is also the use of the BWC approach that has the advantage of providing the best way to discriminate the degree of importance given by respondents to each food labels by overcoming the problem of bias caused by differences in the use of rating scales.

scholarly journals Animal welfare, social license, and wildlife use industries

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan O. Hampton ◽  
Katherine Teh-White
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Wildlife Use ◽  
Social License

Clubbing Audiences: Relational Theatre Practice at ‘Death Disco’

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Overend
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Relational Aesthetics ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Studio Theatre ◽  
Day To Day Operations ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Modes Of Engagement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A Performance

In this article David Overend proposes a concept of ‘audience’ that accounts for a complex process of fluctuation between observing or spectating performance as part of a wider group, and becoming part of the aesthetic – forming individual relationships with the artwork and its environment. It is proposed that developing Nicolas Bourriaud's concept of ‘relational aesthetics’ as a model for ‘relational theatre practice’ responds to the continually shifting modes of engagement of those encountering and becoming part of a performance event. Focusing on the Arches arts centre in Glasgow, and drawing on the theory of clubbing, Overend develops a performance for a club night, comparing the experience of the clubbing crowd to that of a theatre audience in order to interrogate the relationship of two cultural practices that remain largely autonomous within the day-to-day operations of the site. Midland Street (September 2009) was a one-off performance for ‘Death Disco’, the monthly electro club night at the Arches. Using cars parked outside the venue, a chaotic poker game, and an array of overtly theatrical characters, including a clown and a pack of urban animals, the performance attempted to move outside the boundaries of the theatre programme as well as the studio theatre space, entering another dynamic relational realm, which is central to the Arches' cultural identity and funding structures. Combining a practical and theoretical approach, this research interrogates Bourriaud's relational aesthetic model through its application to the development of theatre practice within the specific context of an arts venue.

Eating Ursula

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Weiss
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Food Taboos ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Food Activism

This paper examines issues surrounding the values of farmers, consumers, chefs, and other food activists who are working to expand the production and consumption of pastured pork in central North Carolina (a region known as the Piedmont). What I try to demonstrate in this paper are the ways that an “ethics of care” (Heath and Meneley 2010) is often articulated in terms of the cultural categories of “connection” and “authenticity.” These consciously expressed categories are shown to undergird a range of commitments, from concerns about animal welfare, to support for “local” economies, to parental care for children. My discussion considers the relationships among the lives of animals and the meat they yield, as well as the craft that brings about that transformation, and shows how the ethical questions embedded in these relationships and processes depend upon a wider set of cultural practices and values that are pressing concerns in our larger economy and society. I further consider how examining everyday understandings of “connection” and “authenticity,” as revealed in ethnographic work with farmers, consumers, restaurateurs, and other food activists in the Piedmont, can highlight certain tensions within this “ethics of care”—such as tensions about food taboos and certification processes—that speak to the politics of food activism in the region and elsewhere.

scholarly journals Consumer preferences for wild game cured meat label: do attitudes towards animal welfare matter?

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-618
Author(s):  
Maria Elena Marescotti ◽  
Vincenzina Caputo ◽  
Eugenio Demartini ◽  
Anna Gaviglio
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Game Meat ◽  
Wild Game

Even though the European Union has imposed a mandatory labeling system for conventional meats, there is no mandatory labelling scheme for the so called ‘minor meats’ – such as hunted wild game meat (HWGM). Thus, some European countries have implemented voluntary labelling programs certificating the origin of wild game meat. This study uses a discrete choice experiment to: (1) assess consumer preferences for processed meat products (including wild game meat bearing a HWGM label); and (2) investigate whether consumers’ attitudes towards animal welfare affects their food choice behavior for alternative meat products. Data was collected through an online survey conducted in Italy and consumer preferences for HWGM was estimated through a latent class logit model. Overall, results suggest that, even though HWGM label does not exist yet on the Italian market, it is appealing to Italian consumers and it will likely be accepted by the majority of them. However, consumers who are particularly concerned about animal welfare issues and animal rights showed the lowest level of the interest in the hunted game meat product and thus the presence of the HWGM label does not provide any benefit to them. Our findings have important implications for the development of successful marketing strategies and policy intervention in the HWGM sector at a national and European level.

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