scholarly journals Effects of First Feed Administration on Small Intestinal Development and Plasma Hormones in Broiler Chicks

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1568
Author(s):  
Jiangshui Wang ◽  
Dianchun Wang ◽  
Kaixuan Li ◽  
Lei Xia ◽  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Early Feeding ◽  
Group A ◽  
Plasma Hormones ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Group B

(1) Background: Under practical conditions, newly hatched chicks were usually withheld feed and water for 48 to 72 h. It was shown that early feeding after hatch promoted gastrointestinal development of broiler chicks. However, the mechanism of early feeding affecting intestinal development in chicks needs further research. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of first feed administration on intestinal morphology, barrier function, and plasma hormones in broilers during the initial 168 h posthatch. (2) Methods: A total of 720 one-day-old chicks (newborn chick, Lingnan Yellow) were placed 2 h after hatch and randomly assigned to three treatments: Group A (feed immediately after placement), Group B (fasting for 24 h after placement), and Group C (fasting for 48 h after placement). The trial lasted for 168 h and water ad libitum all the time. Sampling was performed at 0, 24, 48, 72, 120, and 168 h. (3) Results: Higher (p < 0.05) absolute weight and relative weight of the small intestine were observed in Group A. Moreover, the villus height, crypt depth, and ratio of the jejunum and ileum were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in Groups A and B than those in Group C. Microvilli of the duodenum were closely packed in Group A but sparse and disorganized in Groups B and C. The expression levels of mRNA and protein of tight junction genes (occludin and claudin-1) were upregulated (p < 0.05) in Group A. The levels of gastrin and insulin in plasma were decreased (p < 0.05) significantly in the Groups B and C. However, chicks in Groups B and C had higher (p < 0.05) plasma glucagon levels at 24 and 48 h after placement. (4) Conclusions: These results suggested that early feeding posthatch had a positive effect on small intestinal growth increasing weight and improving intestinal morphology and barrier function.

scholarly journals Effect of betaine as an osmolyte on broiler chickens exposed to different levels of water salinity

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Masoud Alahgholi ◽  
Sayed Ali Tabeidian ◽  
Majid Toghyani ◽  
Sayed Sadra Ale Saheb Fosoul
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Betaine Supplementation

Abstract. This trial was conducted to examine the effect of betaine on performance, humoral immunity, small intestinal morphology and blood osmotic pressure parameters of broiler chicks consumed different levels of water salinity. Total of 520 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used with 2×4 factorial arrangement in completely randomized design. Experimental treatments were consisting of 2 levels of betaine supplementation (0 and 1.5 g/kg) and 4 levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) (250, 1 500, 3 000, 4 500 ppm). In this trial daily feed intake (DFI), daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded on days 14, 28 and 48. Small intestinal morphology was evaluated at the age of 28. Humoral immunity was assessed by evaluation of antibody titre against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and also Newcastle and influenza antigens. At the end of the experiment, blood was taken and concentration of plasma Na, K, Cl and haematocrit blood percentage was determined. Results showed that DWG significantly decreased and FCR increased in 4 500 ppm of water TDS in growing, finishing and whole period of broilers production (P<0.05). Furthermore increased plasma Na and blood hematocrit percentage observed in 4 500 ppm of water salinity (P<0.05). Betaine significantly increased DFI during growing phase (P<0.05). Betaine supplementation substantially increased antibody titre against influenza and also bursa of fabricius relative weight (P<0.05). Additionally, betaine inclusion increased villi height in ileum (P<0.05). In conclusion, increasing trend of water TDS affect chickens performance and betaine supplementation is able to improve antibody titre against influenza.

scholarly journals Response of broiler chicks to L-Glutamine feeding in the immediate pre- and post-hatch periods

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Karamik ◽  
C. Kop-Bozbay
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
System Development ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Small Intestinal

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo and post-hatching supplementation with L-Glutamine (Gln) on hatching characteristics, performance, small intestinal morphology, and muscle development of broilers. At day 18 of incubation, 960 fertilized eggs were allocated to four treatments with six replicates. Eggs were i) not injected (negative control) (NC), ii) subject to the standard incubation procedure (PG), iii) injected with 1 ml sterile solution with 0.9% salt (positive control) (PC), and iv) injected with 1% Gln solution (IG). On hatching, the SC chicks were fed with 1% Gln for seven days. The remaining chicks were fed a commercial starter feed. After hatching, there were six replicates of 28 birds in each treatment. Hatchability and yolk sac weight were lower and yolk-free chick weight (YFCW), whole gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and breast muscle weights were higher at hatching for chicks from the IG treatment. At 42 days old, feed conversation ratio (FCR) was lower in birds that had Gln added to their diet than for the other treatments. The FCR was also lower in IG birds than birds in the NC group. The GIT weight, villus height, villus width and crypt depth of the birds receiving dietary supplementation of Gln were greater than those of birds in PC and IG. Thus, in ovo injection of Gln improved hatching characteristics except for hatchability. Further, in ovo and dietary Gln administration reduced FCR by stimulating digestive system development.

scholarly journals Effect of in-ovo feeding of iron nanoparticles and methionine hydroxy analogue on broilers chickens small intestinal characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e46903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Abbasinezhad Laledashti ◽  
Ali Asghar Saki ◽  
Amir Abbas Rafati ◽  
Mansoureh Abdolmaleki
Keyword(s):  
Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Iron Sulfate ◽  
Dietary Iron ◽  
Early Feeding ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
In Ovo Injection ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
In Ovo Feeding

The experiment was conducted with 644 Ross fertilized egg by 7 treatments 4 replicates and 23 eggs in each. Seven treatments included two control with and without injection, iron sulfate, iron sulfate nanoparticles, Alimet, Alimet + iron sulfate, Alimet + iron sulfate nanoparticles. After hatching 2 mg iron nanoparticles were applied as new treatment. The highest increased in the intestinal relative weight (p < 0.05) was observed by iron+Alimet in late feeding at day old of age. Also similar trend was found in cecum and duodenum length by iron control 2 and late feeding (18 hours’ after hatching). The highest cecum length was found among all treatments by in ovo injection of iron nanoparticles in early feeding at 21 days of age (p < 0.05). Significantly increased the duodenum length was found by iron sulfate in early feeding at 42 days of age (p < 0.05). In ovo injection of Alimet in late feeding was resulted in decrease jejunum crypt depth at 21 days of age (p < 0.05). The results of this study have shown that the highest jejunum villi width and surface area were recorded in dietary iron sulfate nanoparticles in late feeding at 21 and 42 days of age (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals A comparative study of early postoperative feeding versus conventional feeding for patients undergoing caesarean section

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5002
Author(s):  
Neeraja S. ◽  
Naritha Reddy ◽  
Naima Fathima
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Caesarean Delivery ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Early Feeding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Postoperative Feeding

Background: Early alimentation after caesarean delivery probably has limited clinical significance in terms of improved energy and protein intake. Decreasing the post-operative ileus is possible with early feeding. Objective of this study was to study efficacy of early postoperative feeding versus conventional feeding for patients undergoing caesarean section.Methods: Present study was hospital based comparative study carried out among 200 women who fulfilled the selection criteria. The cases were divided into 2 groups of 100 each by suitable random sampling technique. Group A included 100 cases who were given early feeding within 6 hours of caesarean delivery. Group B included 100 control who were given the feeding after 24 hours of caesarean delivery.Results: The mean duration of postoperative hospital stay in Group A and Group B was 4.59±0.65 and 4.81±0.81 days respectively (p <0.05). The mean time to return of bowel sounds in Group A and Group B was 2.79±1.36 and 3.55±1.49 hours respectively (p <0.01). 2(2%) cases in group A had postoperative ileus symptoms, whereas 3 (3%) cases in Group B had the same. Statistically significant difference (p <0.05) was seen in terms of vomiting 1% versus 17%, nausea 5% versus 16%, abdominal distention 2% versus 7%, diarrhea 4% versus 90% in the early feeding versus conventional feeding groups.Conclusions: It can be concluded from present study that fast return to the normal diet is possible with early feeding among women undergoing cesarean section compared to the conventional feeding among women undergoing cesarean section.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Assessment of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Supplemented with a Mixture of Ginger, Garlic and Cinnamon

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 809-814
Author(s):  
A.S. Idoko ◽  
A. Zaharaddeen ◽  
N.U. Imam ◽  
S. Nura ◽  
B. Abdulazeez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Physicochemical Changes ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Phase Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Haematological Indices

Some physicochemical changes in broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with a mixture of ginger, garlic and cinnamon was evaluated. During starter phase, 150 broiler chicks were divided into groups A and B of 75 birds each, and were randomly fed diets 1 and 2 respectively for 3 weeks. The average weekly weight gain by the chickens maintained on the mixed spices supplemented diet (235.15±15.55g) was significantly lower (p<0.05)compared with the weight gain by the control (274.26±20.23g) in the Starter phase. In the Finisher phase, group A was sub-divided into groups C and D while group B was subdivided into groups E and F and fed for additional 3 weeks. The average weekly weight gain by groups C (242.31±4.97g), D (282.46±15.04g), E (260.14±81.11g) and F (236.67±24.29g) did not vary significantly. The evaluated carcass characteristics and haematological indices when compared with the control did not vary significantly. The serum cholesterol levels (mg/dl) in groups D (101.40±4.13), E (106.60±4.59) and F (100.20±9.83) were significantly lower (p<0.05) in comparison with the level in group C (127.00±8.83). Groups E (46.96±8.62mg/dl) and F (47.44±6.35mg/dl) had significantly (p<0.05) lower LDL-C compared with the control (70.56±8.75mg/dl). Therefore, mixture of ginger, garlic and cinnamon may have no effects on the overall weight gain, carcass traits and haematological profiles but could decrease the risk of atherogenesis and CVD in broiler chickens. Keywords: Cinnamon; ginger; garlic; spices; physicochemical

scholarly journals Effect of vitamins, minerals and probiotics on production of antibody and live weight gain following vaccination with BCRDV in broiler birds

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Monoura ◽  
M Rahman ◽  
MFR Khan ◽  
MB Rahman ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

The effect of vitamins, minerals and probiotics supplementation to the balanced ration of the broiler chicks on the immune response and growth performance after vaccination with BCRDV was evaluated. For this 50 broiler birds were divided into five equal groups such as A, B, C, D and E, and five types of separate treatments with normal poultry feed were provided to the indivisual experimental groups. All the birds were vaccinated with BCRDV primarily at 3 days of age and boostered at 17 days of age. The birds of group A, B, C and D were supplemented with only probiotics, mixture of probiotics and minerals, mixture of probiotics, minerals and vitamins, respectively. The birds of group E were kept as vaccinated control. Blood samples were collected at the age of 9, 12, 16, 23, 26 and 30 days sequencially. The serum antibody titres were measured by HI test and ELISA. The highest value of HI antibody titre was 384±242.65 (Mean ±SD) in group B at 23 days of age. The lowest value of HI at 23 days was 56±32.86 (Mean ±SD) obtained in group C. The ELISA antibody titre was also highest (4675.12±485.72) at 23 days in group B and obviously the lowest (2169.38±724.45) in control group E. In case of group C, the ELISA antibody titre was 3105.73±877.57 at 23 days but then the titre decreased gradually compared to control group. The highest body weight (1420±90.82) was recorded at 30 days of age in group D and the lowest value (1188±44.38) was in group B. Key words: Probiotics, BCRDV, broiler birds DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v6i1.1336 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (1): 31-36

scholarly journals Levels of metabolizable energy and digestible lysine for broiler chicks 1-10 days of age

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2691
Author(s):  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Thaís Lorana Savoldi ◽  
Cláudio Yuji Tsutsumi ◽  
Cleison De Souza ◽  
Jomara Broch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Different Levels

This study evaluated the effect of different levels of metabolizable energy (ME) and digestible lysine (DL) on the rate of protein deposition, rate deposition body fat and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks 1 to 10 days of age. The study design consisted of 1,152 broilers, weighing 52 ± 5 g, distributed in a completely randomized, 4x4 factorial design, consisting of four levels of ME (2700; 2825; 2950 and 3075 kcal/kg) and four levels of DL (1,080; 1,187; 1,295 and 1,403%), with 16 treatments and three replicates, with 24 poultry in each experimental unit. The protein deposition rate (PDR) and fat deposition rate (FDR) were not affected (P &gt; 0.05) by the ME, however, PDR was influenced linearly (P &lt; 0.05) by increasing lysine. There was an interaction (P &lt; 0.05) between the levels of ME and DL, whose increase resulted in a higher villus height of the duodenum, jejunum and a greater relation villus: crypt ratio of the ileum. Therefore, levels of DL and ME had positive effects on the intestinal development of broiler chicks in the pre-starter phase.

Role of Soy-Based, Lactose-free Formula During Treatment of Acute Diarrhea

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-298
Author(s):  
Mathuram Santosham ◽  
Stephan Foster ◽  
Raymond Reid ◽  
Robert Bertrando ◽  
Robert Yolken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Standard Therapy ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Early Feeding ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Indian Tribe ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

A controlled study was conducted comparing the standard method of treating hospitalized infants with acute diarrhea (limited starvation) with the initiation of "early feeding" using a soy-based, lactose-free formula in infants of an American Indian tribe 12 months of age or younger. Forty-three patients, randomly assigned to group A, were given a soy-based, lactose-free formula four hours after hospitalization, and 44 patients, randomly assigned to group B, received standard therapy (food was withheld for the first 48 hours of hospitalization). After the first 48 hours, the same soy-based, lactose-free formula was given to the group B patients. Fluid intake and output of stool, urine, and vomitus were measured until the diarrhea resolved. Overall, group A patients showed less mean stool output (121 ± 129 (SD) mL/kg) than group B patients (299 ± 319 mL/kg) (P &lt; .001). Furthermore, the duration of illness was significantly shorter in group A patients (54 ± 28 hours v 93 ± 56 hours) (P &lt; .001). It was concluded that soy-based, lactose-free formulas can be safely used during the acute phase of diarrheal illness in infants and that their use shortens the duration of illness and decreases stool output in comparison with standard therapy.

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF AVIAN INFLUENZA (H9) AND NEWCASTLE DISEASE (THERMOSTABLE I-2 STRAIN) BIVALENT VACCINE FOR COMMERCIAL POULTRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Rabia Sabir
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Group A ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Group B ◽  
Preparation And Evaluation

The goal of current research was production of bivalent adjuvant based inactivated I-2 strain of Newcastle Disease (ND) and Avian Influenza (AI) vaccine and to compare efficacy with commercially available bivalent inactivated vaccine. Experiment was carried out on one-day-old broiler chicks by dividing them into 3 groups A, B & C. Vaccine was injected on 7, 14, 21 and 28 day. Blood samples were collected on 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 day. Results of Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test presented the geometric mean titers of group A and B were <1:4, 1:18.8, 1:115.2, 1:358.4, 1:128 & <1:4, 1:8.4, 1:36.8, 1:56, 1:22.4 respectively for AI. Similarly the geometric mean titers of group A and B were <1:4, 1:19.6, 1:89.6, 1:320, 1:115.2 & <1:4, 1:9.2, 1:25.6, 1:36.8, 1:22.4, respectively for ND. However, control group showed <1:4 geometric mean titer. The challenge was given on 28th day and birds were monitored for next 7 days for clinical signs. The chicks of group A showed no clinical signs of diseases (AI, ND). However, in group B 60% morbidity and 90% mortality was recorded on 4th and 6th day of post challenge, respectively. While 100% mortality was recorded in control group.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Early Versus Delayed Enteral Feeding in Development of Necrotizing Enterocolitis for Preterm Small for Date Babies

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Piya Biswas ◽  
Jugindra Singha ◽  
Mujibul Hoque ◽  
Md Monir Hossain ◽  
Manajjir Ali
Keyword(s):  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Enteral Feeding ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Early Feeding ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Feeding Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Growth-restricted preterm infants are at increased risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and initiation of enteral feeding is frequently delayed, even though delayed enteral feeding could diminish the functional adaptation of the gastrointestinal tract and result in feeding intolerance later.Objectives: To evaluate the development of necrotizing enterocolitis of early and delayed enteral feeding in preterm small for date babies (weighing 1000-1499 grams).Materials and Methods: This was a consecutive sampling technique, conducted in the Department of Paediatrics Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital during the period from July 2012 to June 2014. One hundred and forty neonates with preterm small for date babies were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were baby born preterm (<37 completed weeks) having birth weight below 10th percentile for gestational age, birth weight 1000- 1499 grams (VLBW), less than 48 hours postnatal age. Exclusion criteria were major congenital anomaly, Rhesus iso-immunization and Multiorgan dysfunction. They were divided randomly into two groups as Group A (early feeding group) and Group B (late feeding group) each consisting of 70 patients. After randomization 10 patients from group-A and 5 patients from group-B were excluded from analysis due to incomplete data. So, final sample size was 60 patients in Group A and 65 patients in Group B.Results: Gestational age (34.27 ±1.07 weeks vs 33.97 ± 1.30 weeks; p=0.167), sex (41 male, 19 female vs 40 male, 25 female; p=0.427) and weight (1196.3 ±135.9 gram vs 1172.3 ±136.4 gram; p=0.288) were statistically similar in early and late feeding group. Development of necrotizing enterocolitis [4 (6.7%) vs 5 (7.7%); p=1.000] and sepsis [3 (5.0%) vs 5 (7.7%); p=0.719] did not differ between early and late feeding group. Final outcome such as discharged home [45 (75.0%) vs 47 (72.3%); p>0.05], death [10 (16.7%) vs 11 (16.9%); p>0.05], oral feeding not established [1 (1.7%) vs 2 (3.1%); p>0.05], referred to paediatric surgery [4 (6.7%) vs 5 (7.7%); p>0.05] did not differ significantly between early and late feeding group. Causes of death were sepsis in 3 (30.0%), recurrent apnoea in 4 (40.0%)] and hypothermia in 3 (30.0%) in early feeding group; while causes of death were sepsis in 5 (45.5%), recurrent apnoea in 4 (36.4%)] and hypothermia in 2 (18.1%) neonates in late feeding group (p=0.861,p=0.881,p=0.781 respectively).Conclusion: Findings of this consecutive sampling technique concludes that early enteral feeding with breast milk does not increase the incidence of NEC, sepsis and death.Bangladesh J Child Health 2017; VOL 41 (2) :84-91

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