scholarly journals The Probable Use of Genus amaranthus as Feed Material for Monogastric Animals

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tlou Grace Manyelo ◽  
Nthabiseng Amenda Sebola ◽  
Elsabe Janse van Rensburg ◽  
Monnye Mabelebele
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Feed Material ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Alternative Ingredients ◽  
Amaranth Species ◽  
Fiber Proteins ◽  
Potential Use

This review presents, discusses, and provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential use of amaranth as feed for monogastric animals. Amaranth is an ancient nutritious crop that has been cultivated for multiple purposes. In America, Asia, and Africa, the leaves of amaranth species are used as vegetables. The change in climatic conditions globally has resulted in shortages of rainfall, unpredictable weather, and lack of inputs such as fertilizer. This has led to scarcity of protein sources in the market and instability in prices which makes it necessary to consider alternative ingredients in poultry, pigs, fish, and rabbits feed formulation. Amaranth is rich in fiber, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds which have some health benefits in animals and can be used to improve productivity. It also contains anti-nutritional factors which can be reduced by several processing methods. Moreover, its use in monogastric nutrition is useful because amaranth has shown to improve monogastric productivity without having any adverse effect on animals’ productivity. Thus, from this review, it can be concluded that amaranth leaves and grains can be used successfully in monogastric animals though different processing methods which might need to be employed in order to reduce anti-nutritional factors before use in animals.

scholarly journals Enhancing Micronutrients Bioavailability through Fermentation of Plant-Based Foods: A Concise Review

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Mrinal Samtiya ◽  
Rotimi E. Aluko ◽  
Anil Kumar Puniya ◽  
Tejpal Dhewa
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Nutrient Requirement ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Mineral Bioavailability ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
Concise Review

Plant-based foods are rich sources of vitamins and essential micronutrients. For the proper functioning of the human body and their crucial role, trace minerals (iron, zinc, magnesium, manganese, etc.) are required in appropriate amounts. Cereals and pulses are the chief sources of these trace minerals. Despite these minerals, adequate consumption of plant foods cannot fulfill the human body’s total nutrient requirement. Plant foods also contain ample amounts of anti-nutritional factors such as phytate, tannins, phenols, oxalates, etc. These factors can compromise the bioavailability of several essential micronutrients in plant foods. However, literature reports show that fermentation and related processing methods can improve nutrient and mineral bioavailability of plant foods. In this review, studies related to fermentation methods that can be used to improve micronutrient bioavailability in plant foods are discussed.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SOME PROCESSING METHODS ON NUTRIENT CONTENT AND ANTI-NUTRITIONAL FACTORS OF A VARIETY OF DOLICHOS LABLAB (LABLAB PURPUREUS L.) BEANS GROWN IN KENYA

10.37512/500 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Dolichos Lablab ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitory Activity

This study aimed to determine the effect of different processing methods on the proximate composition and anti-nutritional factors of Dolichos lablab beans (Lablab purpureus) of Kenya. The seeds of KAT/DL-2 variety,sourced from Kenya Agricultural Livestock and Research Organisation, Katumani Dryland Research Station were sorted, then subjected to different processing methods (soaking, cooking and germination). The samples were analysed for proximate composition, tannins, phytates and trypsin inhibitory activity. The results showed a significant increase (2.0%) in crude protein content for germinated lablab beans while carbohydrates content was high in cooked samples. The variety KAT/DL-2 had high levels of phytates; 723.6 mg/100g and tannins 330.3mg/100g and trypsin inhibitor activity 1.3mg/100g. Cooking achieved the highest reduction of anti-nutrients with 88% reduction in TIU. The results revealed that the anti-nutrients in lablab beans can be reduced using different methods of processing. However, there is need to investigate the effect of combined methods on the nutrients and anti-nutrients.

Pearl millet processing: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savita Rani ◽  
Rakhi Singh ◽  
Rachna Sehrawat ◽  
Barjinder Pal Kaur ◽  
Ashutosh Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Nutritional Compounds ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is a rich source of nutrients as compared to the major cultivated cereal crops. However, major factors which limit its utilization are the presence of anti-nutritional factors (phytate, tannins and polyphenols) which lower availability of minerals and poor keeping quality because of higher lipase activity. Therefore, this paper aims to focus on the impact of different processing methods on the nutrient composition and anti-nutritional components of pearl millet. Design/methodology/approach This is a literature review study from 1983 to 2017, focusing on studies related to pearl millet processing and their effectiveness in the enrichment of nutritional value through reduction of anti-nutritional compounds. Findings From the literature reviewed, pearl millet processing through various methods including milling, malting, fermentation, blanching and acid as well as heat treatments were found to be effective in achieving the higher mineral digestibility, retardation of off flavor, bitterness as well as rancidity problems found during storage of flour. Originality/value Through this review paper, possible processing methods and their impact on the nutrient and anti-nutrient profile of pearl millet are discussed after detailed studied of literature from journal articles and thesis.

scholarly journals The impact of processing methods on chemical composition, mineral bioavailability and functional properties of Nigerian-grown cashew flour

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makinde Folasade Maria ◽  
Joel Ifeoluwa Hannah
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Mineral Bioavailability ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Range Test

In this study, the effect of processing methods on the nutritional quality and functional properties of cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn) kernels were investigated. The kernels were soaked, autoclaved, roasted or germinated at varying time duration; raw kernel served as control. The samples were analysed for chemical, mineral bioavailability and functional properties. Data was subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated by the Duncan multiple range test. The result of chemical composition analyses revealed that raw cashew kernels contained 3.55±0.08% moisture, 21.3±0.05% protein, 45.0±0.15% fat, 2.53±0.02% fibre, 1.59±0.02% ash, 26.1±0.01% carbohydrate, 521.75 Kcal/g energy, 2210.09±0.02mg/kg calcium, 1712.54±0.03mg/kg magnesium, 60.04±0.01 mg/kg iron and 36.74±0.02mg/kg zinc. Tannin, phytate and oxalate concentrations in the raw cashew kernel were 10.14±0.03 mg/kg, 99.30±0.02mg/kg and 11.03±0.03mg/kg respectively. Increased fat, ash and fibre levels were noted for treated samples compared to raw kernels. Mineral concentrations were increased significantly by various treatments compared to raw kernel; however, germination resulted in the highest increase of mineral content. A reduction trend was observed in phytate, oxalate and tannin concentrations in the treated samples with respect to increased processing time. Consequently, various treatments influenced the bioavailability of mineral elements. Treated samples exhibited significant differences in loose and packed bulk densities, water and oil absorption capacities when compared to raw kernels. Germination shows potential to generate not only much needed nutrients in cashew for human development, but also improved bioavailability of nutrients and functionality compared to other processing methods. This approach can used in Community Nutrition and Emergency Feeding Programmes, in developing countries, where the consequence of anti-nutritional factors may worsen the incidence of malnutrition and disease. 

scholarly journals Coffee straw mineralization applied to the soil surface

2019 ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
I.R. Bosa, P.A.V. Lo Monaco, I.R. Haddade, H.T. Barth, G.H.S. Vieira ◽  
C.M. Meneghelli ◽  
S. da Silva Berilli
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Mineralization Process ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Potential Use

The potential use of coffee straw (composed of outer skin, pulp and parchment) as fertilizer for agricultural crops implies the need to know the dynamics of their decomposition and release of the nutrients. This is to assist the farmers in the management of these residues, especially in the best time of its application in the soil. The aim of this work was to evaluate the dynamics of organic carbon and organic nitrogen during the coffee straw mineralization process, when applied superficially to a Dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol (LVAd). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with ten treatments, related to different post-disposal periods to the soil (0, 7, 13, 20, 27, 34, 48, 69, 98, 147 days) and four replications. Soil samples were collected to quantify the easily oxidized organic carbon (OCeo) and organic nitrogen (ON) contents and their respective mineralized fractions. The evaluation of OCeo mineralization, being more stable and less sensitive to climatic variations, is the most appropriate parameter to estimate the mineralized fraction of the residue. The application of coffee straw in a LVAd during the month of August provides, after 147 days, mineralized fractions of OCeo and ON around 88% and 36%, respectively, in the climatic conditions of the mountain region of Espírito Santo state, Brazil.

Effect of processing methods on nutrients and anti-nutritional factors in cowpea

1997 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Wang ◽  
M.J. Lewis ◽  
J.G. Brennan ◽  
A. Westby
Keyword(s):  
Processing Methods ◽  
Nutritional Factors

scholarly journals Current and Emerging Topical Antibacterials and Antiseptics: Agents, Action, and Resistance Patterns

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 827-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Williamson ◽  
Glen P. Carter ◽  
Benjamin P. Howden
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Topical Antimicrobials ◽  
Bacterial Skin Infections ◽  
Topical Antimicrobial ◽  
Potential Use

SUMMARYBacterial skin infections represent some of the most common infectious diseases globally. Prevention and treatment of skin infections can involve application of a topical antimicrobial, which may be an antibiotic (such as mupirocin or fusidic acid) or an antiseptic (such as chlorhexidine or alcohol). However, there is limited evidence to support the widespread prophylactic or therapeutic use of topical agents. Challenges involved in the use of topical antimicrobials include increasing rates of bacterial resistance, local hypersensitivity reactions (particularly to older agents, such as bacitracin), and concerns about the indiscriminate use of antiseptics potentially coselecting for antibiotic resistance. We review the evidence for the major clinical uses of topical antibiotics and antiseptics. In addition, we review the mechanisms of action of common topical agents and define the clinical and molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in these agents. Moreover, we review the potential use of newer and emerging agents, such as retapamulin and ebselen, and discuss the role of antiseptic agents in preventing bacterial skin infections. A comprehensive understanding of the clinical efficacy and drivers of resistance to topical agents will inform the optimal use of these agents to preserve their activity in the future.

scholarly journals Nutrition and sarcopenia of ageing

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Fujita ◽  
Elena Volpi
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Protein ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Muscle Protein Metabolism ◽  
And Function ◽  
Potential Use

Sarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass and function with ageing, is a multifactorial condition that slowly develops over decades and becomes a significant contributor to disability in the older population. Malnutrition and alterations in the muscle anabolic response to nutritional stimuli have been identified as potentially preventable factors that may significantly contribute to sarcopenia. In the present article we review the most recent findings regarding the role of nutritional factors in the development, prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Specifically, we focus on the nutritional needs of the elderly; the age-related changes in the response of muscle protein metabolism to feeding and to the endogenous hormones released during feeding; and the role played by the splanchnic tissues in the response of muscle proteins to feeding. Finally, we review the issues relative to the potential use of nutritional therapies, including supplementation, for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.

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