scholarly journals Sheep in Species-Rich Temperate Grassland: Combining Behavioral Observations with Vegetation Characterization

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1471
Author(s):  
Stephen J.G. Hall ◽  
Robert G.H. Bunce ◽  
David R. Arney ◽  
Elis Vollmer
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Temperate Grassland ◽  
Species List ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Considerable Individual Variation ◽  
Grazing Livestock ◽  
Precise Area

Foraging behavior of livestock in species-rich, less intensively managed grassland communities will require different methodologies from those appropriate in floristically simple environments. In this pilot study on sheep in species-rich grassland in northern Estonia, foraging behavior and the plant species of the immediate area grazed by the sheep were registered by continually-recording Go-Pro cameras. From three days of observation of five sheep (706 animal-minutes), foraging behavior was documented. Five hundred and thirty-six still images were sampled, and a plant species list was compiled for each. Each plant species was assigned a score indicating its location, in the ecophysiological sense, on the main environmental gradient. The scores of the plant species present were averaged for each image. Thus, the fine structure of foraging behavior could be studied in parallel with the vegetation of the precise area being grazed. As expected, there was considerable individual variation, and we characterized foraging behavior by quantifying the patterns of interspersion of grazing and non-grazing behaviors. This combination of behavior recording and vegetation classification could enable a numerical analysis of the responses of grazing livestock to vegetation conditions.

The effect of niche filtering on plant species abundance in temperate grassland communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Padullés Cubino ◽  
Irena Axmanová ◽  
Zdeňka Lososová ◽  
Martin Večeřa ◽  
Ariel Bergamini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Temperate Grassland ◽  
Grassland Communities

scholarly journals Approaches to formation of northern regions species list for preparing new edition of Krasnoyarsky Region Red Book (plants)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.N. Pospelov ◽  
◽  
E.B. Pospelova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Species List ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Northern Regions

Because of preparing new edition of “Krasnoyarsky Region Red book (plants and fungi)”, the change of approaches to formation of specially protected vascular plants list are proposed. The changes of principles for adding species to this list are proposed, as well as offers by including and excluding the species. In particular, conferring conservation status is necessary not only for species at whole, but for separate large populations. The special approaches is necessary for species, hard to definite in nature. Besides, it is necessary to supplement new edition by Appendix “The list of Krasnoyarsky Region plant species needing special attention by their condition in nature”.

scholarly journals An annotated list of plant viruses and viroids described in Brazil (1926-2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot W. Kitajima
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
Species List ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Plant Viruses And Viroids ◽  
Official Recognition ◽  
Scientific Name

Abstract: A list of plant species, in alphabetical order by their scientific name, and the viruses found naturally infecting them in Brazilian territory, with some comments, was prepared . The production of such a list was based on a yearly catalog of publications on plant viruses collected by the author, from 1926 to 2018. Listed species of viruses were those recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), but also those characterized and still waiting official recognition, were included. Several cases of putative viral diseases were listed for historical reasons expecting to raise interest for their clarification. This list includes 345 plants species belonging to 74 families naturally infected by plant viruses in Brazil. Fabaceae and Asteraceae had most virus-infected species, respectively 49 and 36. Until 2018, a total of 213 plant virus and 6 viroid species belonging to 57 genera and 22 families and 6 orders, officially recognized by ICTV, were found naturally infecting these plants. Begomovirus and Potyvirus genera have most representatives, with 45 and 42 species, respectively. There are 59 characterized plant viruses, up to species level, described in Brazil waiting for the inclusion in the ICTV Master Species List. One hundred and thirteen viruses were identified up to genus level but still uncharacterized, while four putative isometric viruses and eleven presumptive viral diseases (“unidentified”) are included in the list. A reverse catalog, listing viruses and the plant species in which they were found is also included.

scholarly journals Root traits explain rhizosphere fungal community composition among temperate grassland plant species

2020 ◽  
Vol 229 (3) ◽  
pp. 1492-1507
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Sweeney ◽  
Franciska T. Vries ◽  
Bart E. Dongen ◽  
Richard D. Bardgett
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Temperate Grassland ◽  
Fungal Community Composition

scholarly journals Will I stay or will I go? Plant species‐specific response and tolerance to high land‐use intensity in temperate grassland ecosystems

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Busch ◽  
Valentin H. Klaus ◽  
Deborah Schäfer ◽  
Daniel Prati ◽  
Steffen Boch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Temperate Grassland ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Land Use Intensity ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Phytochemical variation within a single plant species influences foraging behavior of deer

Oikos ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Kimball ◽  
John H. Russell ◽  
Peter K. Ott
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Phytochemical Variation

scholarly journals Fungal diversity regulates plant-soil feedbacks in temperate grassland

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. eaau4578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Semchenko ◽  
Jonathan W. Leff ◽  
Yudi M. Lozano ◽  
Sirgi Saar ◽  
John Davison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Temperate Grassland ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi ◽  
Plant Resource ◽  
Plant Soil

Feedbacks between plants and soil microbial communities play an important role in vegetation dynamics, but the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. Here, we show that the diversity of putative pathogenic, mycorrhizal, and saprotrophic fungi is a primary regulator of plant-soil feedbacks across a broad range of temperate grassland plant species. We show that plant species with resource-acquisitive traits, such as high shoot nitrogen concentrations and thin roots, attract diverse communities of putative fungal pathogens and specialist saprotrophs, and a lower diversity of mycorrhizal fungi, resulting in strong plant growth suppression on soil occupied by the same species. Moreover, soil properties modulate feedbacks with fertile soils, promoting antagonistic relationships between soil fungi and plants. This study advances our capacity to predict plant-soil feedbacks and vegetation dynamics by revealing fundamental links between soil properties, plant resource acquisition strategies, and the diversity of fungal guilds in soil.

scholarly journals Categorizing threatened species: an analysis of the Red List of the flora of Brazil

Oryx ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Moraes ◽  
R.A.X. Borges ◽  
E. M. Martins ◽  
R. A. Fernandes ◽  
T. Messina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
National Level ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Species List ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Threatened Plant Species ◽  
Available Information

AbstractIn Brazil most of the effort for the conservation of plant species has comprised evaluation of taxa for the Lista Oficial das Espécies Ameaçadas de Extinção da Flora Brasileira (Official Threatened Flora Species List), and little has been done to conserve individual species. This is a result of the listing process being interpreted as the final goal rather than as a means to achieve conservation effectiveness. In addition, a variety of systems for the classification of extinction risk have been applied, resulting in an inaccurate view of the conservation status of the flora of the country. Here we review the national listing process to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the Official Threatened Flora Species List. We used all available information to compile a list of taxa officially recorded as threatened in Brazil. The list was revised using the Flora do Brasil database. The resulting list has 4,967 taxa in 1,235 genera and 232 families. Despite controversies about advances in the Red Listing process, several improvements have been made at the institutional level, such as: (1) improving conservation databases, (2) developing information systems, and (3) increasing the number of taxonomists working in conservation biology. However, there is still no classification system for extinction risk that facilitates standardization of the listing process at the national level. In addition, regulatory processes related to the conservation of threatened plant species are not up-to-date with the conceptual and methodological advances made by the scientific community. We conclude that adjustments are needed to ensure the effectiveness of the conservation of plant species in Brazil.

Classifying endangered vegetation communities: a case study of Cumberland Plain Woodlands

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. French ◽  
B. Callaghan ◽  
S. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Species List ◽  
Vegetation Communities ◽  
Full Species ◽  
Standard Level ◽  
Canopy Species

Remnants of an endangered community, Cumberland Plain Woodlands on shale, were studied in order to 1) investigate the conflict between the needs of legislation to define parameters of protected communities in a precise manner and the spatial variation in communities, and 2) to define floristic groupings in the Cumberland Plain Woodlands based on all plant species. Sites previously classified as Grey Box Woodland, Grey Box Ironbark Woodland and Spotted Gum Woodland map units were surveyed and compared to the same classification applied by one of the authors. Differences were evident, but both classifications showed statistically significant differences between map units, suggesting that although each classification is valid, the differences between these map units cannot be consistently applied. Canopy species were not useful descriptors of the community as they grouped differently to both the full species list and the understorey species. A significantly different community occurring at the transition between shale and sandstone in Holsworthy Military Area was identified, suggesting the importance of this area to the conservation of variability in communities in this area. The use of multivariate techniques to describe levels of variation in communities is discussed and a potential method for using a standard level of similarity to classify vegetation communities is introduced as a mechanism for defining communities using some consistent technique.

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