scholarly journals Effectiveness of Biocidal Paint Containing Permethrin, Ultramarine and Violet 23 Against Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Laboratories and Poultry Houses

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1461
Author(s):  
Sara Dzik ◽  
Tomasz Mituniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Alphitobius Diaperinus ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Poultry Houses ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Reducing Alphitobius diaperinus in poultry production is a difficult task. However, attempts should be made to control the insect pest, as it poses a serious threat to the life and health of the chickens, as well as the workers on a farm. Our research was conducted in two stages to assess the effectiveness of the biocidal paint against A. diaperinus, containing active substances such as permethrin and a mixture of ultramarine and violet 23. In the first stage, under laboratory conditions, after 22 days, 100% mortality of A. diaperinus larvae and adults was achieved. This allowed us to assume that the biocidal paint may also be effective in poultry houses. In the poultry house where biocidal paint was applied, the number of insects decreased continuously alongside the sampling dates. In both research stages, the biocidal paint proved more effective against A. diaperinus than traditional limewash, and also the time to effective interaction of the paint was noted. Additionally, it was observed that the larvae were more susceptible to the active substances than adults. The research was practical, however, further analyses are necessary to fully control A. diaperinus, especially in poultry houses.

The Beetles (Coleoptera) dangerous for Japanese quail Coturnix japonica Temminck et Schlegel, 1849 (Phasanidae) at farms

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
L.S. Cherney ◽  
H.V. Fesenko ◽  
А.V. Prokhorov ◽  
О.Yu. Moroz ◽  
V.M. Liaskivskiy
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Alphitobius Diaperinus ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Poultry Houses ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Darkling Beetles ◽  
And Behavior

Reproduction of the Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica Temminck et Schlegel, 1849, at private farms has led to the formation of a complex of insects harming this species of birds. Darkling beetles Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1796) and A. laevigatus (Fabricius, 1781) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) are the main pests of Japanese quail. Alphitobius diaperinus had already been recorded causing damage to the poultry industry in Crimea. Its larvae and adults attack chicks in the mass. Significant cannibalism is recorded for A. laevigatus in laboratory conditions. We suppose that complex of harmful insects will be added by species of the genus Ulomoides Blackburn, 1888, namely U. dermestoides (Chevrolat, 1878) imported into Ukraine. Properties of the adopted wreckers, providing their invulnerability in poultry houses, are first shown, namely: mass breeding of A. diaperinus due to feeding on other birds, ability of females of U. dermestoides to oviposit eggs during 1,5 month after the singular copulation, duration of the larval stage up to 96–110 days (usually one month long) due to a cannibalism only. The features of development and behavior of U. dermestoides are shown resembling these of A. diaperinus. The results of studies on the lifecycle’ peculiarities carried out at 2012–2019 under the laboratory conditions are given. The practical role of A. diaperinus, A. laevigatus and U. dermestoides is discussed. The forecast regarding the negative impact of U. dermestoides on the aviculture development in the Southern Ukraine is presented. The data on the poisoning of birds (C. japonica) with beetles of bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831) (Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) are shown. Present contribution is beneficial not only for specialists in fundamental research, but also for practitioners, in particular for personnel of State Veterinary and Plant Health as well as the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service. First worked out and recommended a production trap for a fishing-out in the poultry houses of harmfuls beetles and their larvae at the presence of birds.

scholarly journals Bacterial Community Structure and Composition in Soils under Industrial Poultry Production Activities: An Observational study

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. ASWR.S12009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymon S. Shange ◽  
Ramble O. Ankumah ◽  
Robert Zabawa ◽  
Scot E. Dowd
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Poultry Houses ◽  
Potential Pathogen

Confinement is the predominant method of producing poultry and eggs for consumption in the US. Because of its high-density approach, the potential health threats regarding pathogenesis in animals and humans have raised concerns. Although there best management practices exist to control the persistence and proliferation of pathogenic bacteria in poultry houses, very little is known about the bacterial communities, and poultry houses are potential pathogen sinks. We assessed the contribution of industrial poultry production to the structure and composition of bacterial communities in the soils at a poultry production site. Soil samples were collected from under poultry housing areas, litter storage areas, and an accompanying pasture adjacent to the production area; and environmental DNA was extracted from the samples. Following validation and amplification, DNA was sequenced using bacterial-tag encoded pyrosequencing. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the bacterial communities in the soils showed no significant differences in species richness according to observed and estimated operational taxonomic units (Chao1 and rarefaction). Proteobacteria were the major phyla present in all samples ranging from 37.1% in the soils under poultry houses to 53.4% of the sequences identified under pasture soils. Significant shifts in specific taxa were observed, including drops in the abundance of Acidobacteria observed from the poultry house to litter storage soils ( P < 0.05) α-Proteobacteria increased from poultry house soil (10.9%) to pasture soils (32.8%, P < 0.01) and soils under litter storage (22.3%, P < 0.05). The phyla Bacteroidetes, which were observed between poultry house and pasture soils, dropped significantly from 21.8% to 7.2% ( P < 0.05). Clustering exhibited a closer relationship between the soils under pasture and litter storage, while those under the poultry houses were unique. Pathogenic genera were also found in greater abundance under the poultry houses, which raises the question of persistence and re-colonization of bedding material even in the presence of mitigation attempts.

scholarly journals Characteristics of lesser mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (03) ◽  
pp. 6376-2020
Author(s):  
TOMASZ MITUNIEWICZ ◽  
SARA DZIK
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Alphitobius Diaperinus ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Lesser Mealworm ◽  
High Level ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

The intensive increase in poultry production requires a variety of different measures to maintain high productivity of broiler chickens while maintaining a high level of bird welfare. One issue is the growing population of Alphitobius diaperinus, which occurs all over the world. This beetle is considered a pest in poultry production and causes major losses to poultry producers. Its development cycle consists of four stages: an egg, a larva, a pupa and an adult. It is necessary to reduce the number of these insects in poultry houses, in which they constitute a serious problem both for the birds and for the buildings themselves. The beetle does a lot of damage by tunnelling in floor and wall crevices, thus destroying the insulation of the building. It has been proved experimentally that the lesser mealworm is also a vector for many serious diseases of poultry and humans. The beetle infected with pathogens may remain infectious for a long time. A. diaperinus is a carrier of dangerous pathogens and viruses as well as protozoa and parasites in poultry. The lesser mealworm shows a noticeable sexual dimorphism. Correct and quick identification of the sex of A. diaperinus on poultry farms could facilitate insect control. Field and laboratory research is being conducted to find an effective method of reducing the population of the lesser mealworm.

scholarly journals Gender identity and sexual experience affect mating behaviour and chemical profile in the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Calla-Quispe ◽  
Carlos Martel ◽  
Alfredo Jesús Ibáñez
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Circadian Pattern ◽  
Alphitobius Diaperinus ◽  
Lesser Mealworm ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), the lesser mealworm, is one of the most significant pests of the poultry industry worldwide. These insects cause structural damage in poultry houses and transmit several diseases, impacting chickens' productivity and rearing costs. Although semiochemicals may offer alternative insect pest management strategies, basic information regarding pheromone identity and their role on the behavioural ecology according to their circadian pattern of sexual behaviour of A. diaperinus is essentially lacking. This study is aimed to analyse the relation of gender identity and sexual experience of adults of A. diaperinus on their mating behaviour and whether this response is related to their CHC profiles secreted. The following steps were taken to achieve the study’s goal. First, the circadian pattern of their sexual activity was observed in newly emerged pairs for at least twenty-one days (virgin adults) and experienced adults collected from the field to identify a difference based on their sexual experience and achieve the optimal mating season to develop the following assays. Subsequently, Y-tube olfactometer bioassays were conducted to evaluate their odour bouquet attraction based on gender and sexual experience. Additionally, mating behaviour bioassays were conducted to evaluate the two factor effects. Finally, cuticular analysis was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to evaluate possible chemical differences based on the two factors. With statistical and multivariate analysis, we found that behavioural, mating and chemical responses are different based on their sexual experience. The mating sequences were described into precopulatory, copulatory and postcopulatory phases. This finding gives us a deeper understanding of the sexual communication during mating. In summary, our findings provide new insights into the mating system and chemical ecology of A. diaperinus . The results presented here may serve as a base for further studies to develop strategies for managing this pest.

scholarly journals Populational fluctuation and spatial distribution of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera; Tenebrionidae) in a poultry house, Cascavel, Parana state, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM. Chernaki-Leffer ◽  
LM. Almeida ◽  
DR. Sosa-Gómez ◽  
A. Anjos ◽  
KM. Vogado
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Population Fluctuation ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Alphitobius Diaperinus ◽  
Insect Distribution ◽  
Lesser Mealworm ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Knowledge of the population fluctuation and spatial distribution of pests is fundamental for establishing an appropriate control method. The population fluctuation and spatial distribution of the Alphitobius diaperinus in a poultry house in Cascavel, in the state of Parana, Brazil, was studied between October, 2001 and October 2002. Larvae and adults of the lesser mealworm were sampled weekly using Arends tube traps (n = 22) for six consecutive flock grow-outs. The temperature of the litter and of the poultry house was measured at the same locations of the tube traps. Beetle numbers increased continuously throughout all the sampling dates (average 5,137 in the first week and 18,494 insects on the sixth week). Significantly greater numbers of larvae were collected than adults (1 to 20 times in 95% of the sampling points). There was no correlation between temperature and the number of larvae and adults collected, therefore no fluctuation was observed during the sampling period. The population growth was correlated to litter re-use. The highest temperatures were observed in deep litter. The spatial distribution of larvae and adults in the poultry house was heterogeneous during the whole period of evaluation. Results suggest that monitoring in poultry houses is necessary prior to adopting and evaluating control measures due to the great variability of the insect distribution in the poultry house.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) to entomopathogenic fungi isolated from poultry houses litter and nearby soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Popowska-Nowak ◽  
Dorota Tumialis ◽  
Elżbieta Pezowicz
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Isaria Fumosorosea ◽  
Alphitobius Diaperinus ◽  
Poultry Houses ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Lesser Mealworm ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

The lesser mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus is present in great numbers in poultry houses. These insects are especially dangerous as a potential carriers of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and parasites. We explored the possibility of using local strains of entomopathogenic fungi isolated from litter and from soil to control lesser mealworm populations. Isolated fungi showed low pathogenicity to lesser mealworm beetles. Infection with a suspension at a concentration of 1 × 108 spores/ml resulted in only 4 Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato isolates showing the highest insect mortality in the range of 30–36%. Still lower pathogenicity was found in isolates of Beauveria bassiana, with only 4 isolates of B. bassiana causing a mortality of 17–26%. Isolates of Isaria fumosorosea and I. farinosa did not cause mortality in beetles that differed significantly from that in the control variant. The larvae were more susceptible to infection. Except for I. fumosorosea, all species caused 100% mortality in larvae. For further studies, the B. bassiana 3K isolate (from the litter) could be selected because of its high mortality (100%) and high larval infectivity (50% overgrown with mycelium).

scholarly journals Development of an attract-and-infect device for biological control of lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in poultry houses

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 104326
Author(s):  
Marla J. Hassemer ◽  
Rogerio B. Lopes ◽  
Miguel Borges ◽  
Luis F.A. Alves ◽  
David M. Withall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Alphitobius Diaperinus ◽  
Poultry Houses ◽  
Lesser Mealworm ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

scholarly journals Evaluation of a simplified model for estimating energy balance in broilers production housing

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano P. Silva ◽  
Fernando C. Baêta ◽  
Ilda F. F. Tinôco ◽  
Sérgio Zolnier ◽  
Aristides Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Poultry Houses ◽  
Economical Feasibility

The simulation of poultry house thermal behavior with and without Adiabatic Evaporative Cooling (SRAE) allows the decision makers to evaluate the economical feasibility and the installation costs of a poultry production business. The first step in this research investigation was test the thermal behavior model developed by Gates et al. (1995) for broiler houses in the United States based on the hypothesis that this model, using climatized sheds, as proposed by the authors, could be used under Brazilian conditions. The model is suitable for the proposed objective in the form proposed by Gates et al. (1995) for poultry houses with an elevated mass air flow rate (120.8 kg air s-1 or higher). A correction factor referring to a series of heat sources not included in the model, or the inclusion of these sources, is necessary for poultry houses without a high mass air flow.

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