scholarly journals Effects of Laetiporus sulphureus-Fermented Wheat Bran on Growth Performance, Intestinal Microbiota and Digesta Characteristics in Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chih Lin ◽  
Tzu Tai Lee
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Laetiporus Sulphureus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Diet Control

This study investigated the effects of a Laetiporus sulphureus-fermented wheat bran (LS) supplementation on the microbiota and digesta characteristics of broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into three groups fed with a corn–soybean-based diet (control), and the control diet being replaced with 5% wheat bran (WB) and 5% LS, respectively. Each group had four replicates and 20 birds per pen. Metagenomics analysis results of the ileum microbiota showed that, at the family level, the 5% LS groups had over 40% higher Lactobacillaceae compared to the control group in a mean difference comparison. Heat maps showed that, at the phylum level, the population of Firmicutes was higher and Proteobacteria was lower in the ileum of 5% LS compared to the control group. Results of the stack column plots of the top ten OTUs at the family level showed that a 5% LS and 5% WB supplementation altered the broiler microbiota distribution by increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae. Cecal microbiota analysis showed that the 5% LS-supplemented group had approximately 5% and 3% higher Veillonellaceae and Lactobacillaceae, respectively. Stack column plots of the top ten OTUs indicated that the distribution of cecal bacteria in each group was not markedly different. Both the ileum and cecum digesta in the 5% LS supplementation group had a slight and not significant elevation on the total VFA, while the pH values and ammonia nitrogen were significantly lowered compared to the control and 5% WB groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the 5% LS supplementation group had a significantly higher lactic acid concentration in both the ileum and cecum compared to the control and 5% WB groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a 5% LS supplementation could potentially enhance the feed conversion ratio and European Broiler Index (EBI) of broilers by elevating the family Lactobacillaceae and suppressing the phylum Proteobacteria’s population, thus creating changed intestinal environments that may potentially favor the growth and health of the broilers.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on the Effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL on Cecal Bacterial Community Structure of Broiler Chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxuan Hong ◽  
Yingxian Cheng ◽  
Yanjuan Li ◽  
Xiaowen Li ◽  
Zutao Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cecal Microbiota

Probiotics can promote the health and growth performance of animals through modulation of intestinal microbiota. When used as a feed additive, they have the potential to minimize or abolish the use of antibiotics. In this study, we investigated the effect of the probiotic strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL on the growth performance and cecum microflora composition in Cobb 500 broiler chickens. In total, 180 broilers were randomly divided into three groups—each group comprised 4 pens, and each pen contained 15 chickens. The three groups were fed either a control diet, or a diet supplemented with either the antibiotic chlortetracycline or B. amyloliquefaciens TL. Broilers were weighed, and cecum contents were collected on days 7, 14, 21, and 35, respectively. The broilers in both the antibiotic and probiotic groups exhibited significant weight gain compared with controls, exhibiting increases of 16.02% and 13.40%, respectively, after 35 days (P<0.01). Similarly, the feed conversion ratio (FCR, 1–35 days) of broilers in the chlortetracycline and B. amyloliquefaciens TL groups was lower than that of the controls. HiSeq high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA of the cecal microbiota was performed on days 7, 14, 21, and 35, respectively. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was higher in the chlortetracycline and B. amyloliquefaciens TL groups than in the control group on days 14, 21, and 35, and especially on day 21. The prevalence of genera Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, Butyricicoccus, and Faecalibacterium (Firmicutes) was higher in the antibiotic and probiotic groups, while that of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides (Bacteroidetes), and Lactobacillus was higher in the control group. In this study, the changes in the microbiota of the probiotic group were similar to those in the antibiotic group. These results suggest that the probiotic strain B. amyloliquefaciens TL can modulate the cecal microbiota of broilers similar to chlortetracycline.

Effect of combined treatment with aflatoxin B 1 and T-2 toxin and metabolites on some production traits and lipid peroxide status parameters of broiler chickens

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Pál ◽  
Károly Dublecz ◽  
Mária Weber ◽  
Krisztián Balogh ◽  
Márta Erdélyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Aflatoxin B

Three groups of cockerels were fed with a control diet, with a diet contaminated with T-2 and HT-2 toxin (0.31 and 0.26 mg/kg) or with that containing a combination of T-2 and HT-2 toxin (0.32 and 0.25 mg/kg) and aflatoxin B1(AFB1, 0.38 mg/kg) for 21 days. Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio did not differ significantly among the groups. Malondialdehyde concentration of the liver was lower in the group fed the diet contaminated with the combination of T-2 + HT-2 toxin and aflatoxin B1as compared to the control group or the group fed T-2 + HT-2 toxins. Reduced glutathione (GSH) content of the liver was lower in the T-2 + HT-2 group than in the group fed a combination of T-2, HT-2 and aflatoxin. Reduced glutathione content of the heart was higher in the T-2 + HT-2 group than in the control group. Mycotoxin contamination had no effect on glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in comparison to the control, but significantly lower GSH-Px activity was found in the heart of chickens in the T-2 + HT-2 + AFB1group than in the T-2 + HT-2 group. In this study, T-2 + HT-2 toxin and aflatoxin B1contamination of the diets did not affect the production traits adversely and did not exert additive effects on lipid peroxidation and on the glutathione redox system.

scholarly journals Thermotolerance of Broiler Chicks Ingesting Dietary Betaine and/or Creatine

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
Hosam Al-Tamimi ◽  
Kamel Mahmoud ◽  
Amani Al-Dawood ◽  
Basheer Nusairat ◽  
Hussam Bani Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cont Group ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Indian River ◽  
Group B

The present study aimed to assess the effect of dietary betaine (B) and/or creatine (C) on performance and thermoregulatory responses of broiler chicks. Indian River broiler chicks, fitted with compact thermosensors, were reared to market age (five weeks). The chicks were randomly distributed into four treatment groups, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments—basal control diet (Control group: CONT; B−/C−); 1 g betaine/kg feed (Betaine group: BETA; B+/C−), 1.2 g creatine monohydrate/kg feed (Creatine group: CRET; B−/C+), and combination (Betaine and Creatine group: COMB; B+/C+) of both supplements. At 31 days of age, 20 chicks from each group were exposed to acute heat stress (A-HS) for 3 h (34.45 ± 0.20 °C), and hemogramic profiles were screened before and after. Performance parameters (feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio) were reported on a weekly basis, and carcass meat quality was evaluated at the end of experiment. Redness of breast was higher due to B and C treatments separately than the CONT group (B by C interaction; p < 0.05). Compared to the CONT, dietary supplements alleviated hyperthermia responses, with B alone being more efficient than C or COMB treatments. The mitigation of hyperthermia is likely mediated by enhancement of water balance indicators. Although not efficient in improving growth performance, dietary B and/or C are efficient in improving thermophysiological performance and survival of finishing broiler chicks under A-HS.

scholarly journals Effect of Nanosilica and Bentonite as Mycotoxins Adsorbent Agent in Broiler Chickens’ Diet on Growth Performance and Hepatic Histopathology

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2129
Author(s):  
Abdallah A. Ghazalah ◽  
Mamduh O. Abd-Elsamee ◽  
Kout Elkloub M. E. Moustafa ◽  
Mohamed Abdelrazik Khattab ◽  
Abd-Elrahim A. A. Rehan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Hepatic Histopathology

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by different strains of fungi, such as aspergillus, fusarium, and penicillium that can contaminate feed ingredients or the entire feed of poultry and animals. Mycotoxins can cause many serious complications to both humans and animals due to carcinogenic, mutagenic, and immunosuppressive disorders. Therefore, the present experiment aims to investigate the effect of broiler chickens’ diets supplemented with different levels of nanosilica (NS) as an adsorbent agent of mycotoxins on their growth performance and hepatic histopathology. Detectable levels of toxins were present in the feed before feeding, and all levels of mycotoxins were above the normal limit. A total of 180 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chickens were allocated randomly to six treatment groups with three replicates per group, including ten chickens per replicate. The experiment lasted for five weeks, and dietary treatments included control diet and diets with four levels of nanosilica as 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, and 0.20% as well as 0.50% bentonite (fixfin® Dry) diet. Bodyweight, body weight gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were measured weekly. At the end of the fifth week, six chickens per treatment were sacrificed to investigate the effects of NS and bentonite on carcass characteristics and hepatic histopathology. The results showed that providing broiler chickens’ diets with an adsorbent agent, such as NS or bentonite, can reduce the side effects of mycotoxins and enhance their growth performance. The best record was achieved with NS at 0.20%, compared with the control group and other dietary treatment groups. Accordingly, 0.20% of NS could be used in broiler chickens’ diets to minimize the harmful effects of mycotoxins.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a Synergistic Blend of Organic Acids and ß-1,4 Mannobiose on Cecal Salmonella Counts and Growth Performance in Salmonella Challenged Broiler Chickens: A Meta-Analysis

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2988
Author(s):  
Sandra J. A. van Kuijk ◽  
Yanming Han
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Feed Conversion

This study aimed at investigating the effect of a functional synergistic feed additive blend, containing organic acids and ß-1,4 mannobiose, on cecal Salmonella counts and growth performance of broiler chickens. A meta-analysis combining 13 individual studies, executed in Salmonella-challenged broilers comparing a control diet with and without the synergistic blend, was performed. Cecal Salmonella colonies and overall growth performance were measured. Raw data from all studies were combined and analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS, taking the within and between-study variation into account. In the first 14 days post-inoculation (DPI), cecal Salmonella was reduced by 0.429 log CFU/g (p = 0.011, n = 10 comparisons from five studies) when feeding the synergistic blend compared to the control group. During 15–34 DPI, the overall means were not different between treatments (0.069 log CFU/g; p = 0.519, n = 12 comparisons from eight studies). The feed conversion ratio was improved when feeding the synergistic blend compared to the control diet (1.474 vs. 1.482, respectively; p = 0.002). In conclusion, feeding a synergistic blend, containing organic acids and ß-1,4 mannobiose amongst other ingredients, reduced cecal Salmonella counts during the first 14 DPI and improved growth performance of Salmonella challenged broilers compared to a control diet.

scholarly journals Growth performance of broiler starter chicks fed diets containing graded levels of soaked and boiled bambara nut (Vigna subterranean l. Verde) seed meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
A. R. Akintunde ◽  
A. Yahaya ◽  
M. A. Oguntoye ◽  
U. M. Mafindi ◽  
U. M. Sani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Deficit of conventional feed ingredients in meeting increased demand has led to an alarming hike in their prices culminating in sky rocketing cost of livestock feed. This has necessitated an urgent search for low cost and more readily available alternatives. This study was conducted to investigate the performance of broiler chicks fed diets containing graded levels of soaked and boiled Bambara nut seed meal (BNSM). One hundred and five (105), 2 week old broiler starter chicks were used for the experiment. The birds were randomly allotted into four dietary treatments with each treatments replicated thrice at seven birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Five experimental diets were formulated containing processed BNSM designated as T1 (control diet with 0 % BNSM), while T2, T3, T4 and T5 had 5 % soaked BNSM, 10 % soaked BNSM, 5 % boiled BNSM and 10 % boiled BNSM, respectively. The experiment lasted for four (4) weeks. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The results showed that birds fed processed BNSM diets had significantly (P<0.05) higher final weight and weight gain comparable to 702.38g and 19.99 g/bird/day in the control group. The values obtained from feed intake showed that T2 (64.74 g) had significantly (P<0.05) least value compared to other dietary treatments. Feed conversion ratio and feed cost per kg gain (N) were significantly (P<0.05) better in birds fed processed BNSM diets compared to 3.39 and N215.85 respectively in the control group. It was therefore concluded that processed BNSM improved performance of broiler chickens.     Le déficit d'ingrédients alimentaires conventionnels pour répondre à la demande accrue a conduit à une hausse alarmante de leurs prix, aboutissant à une flambée du coût des aliments pour le bétail. Cela a nécessité une recherche urgente d'alternatives peu coûteuses et plus facilement disponibles. Cette étude a été menée pour étudier la performance des poussins de départ de pouletsde chair nourris avec des régimes contenant des niveaux échelonnés de farine de graines de noix de Bambara trempées et bouillies. Cent cinq (105) poussins de départ âgés de 2 semaines ont été utilisés pour l'expérience. Les oiseaux ont été répartis au hasard en quatre traitements diététiques, chaque traitement étant répliqué trois fois à raison de sept oiseaux par réplique dans une conception complètement aléatoire. Cinq régimes expérimentaux ont été formulés contenant du 'BNSM'-Bambara nutseedmeal(Aliment de farine de graines de noix de bambara)- traité désigné comme T1 (régime témoin avec 0% de BNSM), tandis que T2, T3, T4 et T5 contenaient 5% de 'BNSM' imbibé, 10% de 'BNSM' imbibé, 5% de 'BNSM' bouilli et 10% de 'BNSM' bouilli, respectivement. L'expérience a duré quatre (4) semaines. L'alimentation et l'eau étaient fournies ad libitum. Les resultants ontmontré que les oiseaux nourris avec des régimes 'BNSM' transformés avaient un poids final et un gain de poids significativement plus élevés (P <0.05) comparables à 702.38 g et 19.99 g / oiseau / jour dans le groupe témoin. Les valeurs obtenues à partir de la consommation alimentaire ont montré que T2 (64.74 g) avait une valeur significativement moindre (P <0.05) par rapport aux autres traitements diététiques. Le taux de conversion alimentaire et le coût alimentaire par kg de gain (N) étaient significativement meilleurs (P <0.05) chez les oiseaux nourris avec des régimes 'BNSM' transformés par rapport à 3.39 et N215.85 respectivement dans le groupe témoin. Il a donc été conclu que le 'BNSM' transformé améliorait les performances despoussins de départ de poulets de chair.

scholarly journals Performance, Intestinal Microbial Population, Immune and Physiological Responses of Broiler Chickens to Diet With Different Levels of Silver Nanoparticles Coated on Zeolite

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niloofar Bolandi ◽  
Seyed Reza Hashemi ◽  
Daryoush Davoodi ◽  
Behrouz Dastar ◽  
Saeed Hassani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of silver nanoparticles coated on zeolite on performance, gastrointestinal microflora, heterophile to lymphocyte ratio and humoral immune system responses of broiler chickens. Three hundred seventy five Cobb 500 in a completely randomized design were distributed to 5 experimental diets: control diet, 1% zeolite, 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% of silver nanoparticles coated on 1% zeolite. Performance traits were recorded and Blood samples were taken to determine antibody response against Newcastle on d 14, infectious bursal disease (Gumboro) on d 21 and Serum immunoglobulins (IgY, IgM, and IgA) were determined on d 42. Heterophile to lymphocyte ratio was evaluated on days 28, 35 and 42. At the end of d 21 and d 42. Results: The result showed that feed conversion ratio was significantly improved in silver nanoparticle treatments compare with the control group (p < 0.05). Total anaerobic bacteria and the population of E.coli in ileum and cecum were decreased (p < 0.05). The highest number of lactobacillus was observed in NS50 (p < 0.05). Antibody response against Gumboro was decreased as well as the amount of IgY antibody in silver nanoparticles treatments. Significant differences were observed in heterophile to lymphocyte ratio on d 28 and 35 and the highest amount was observed in NS50 group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, using silver nanoparticle dietary coated on zeolite could improve gut microflora, but silver nanoparticles could also have harmful side effects on the immune mechanism of broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Effect of Probiotics on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Broilers at Farmer’s Door

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hemant Kumar ◽  
Shikha Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Group B

Aims: An experiment was conducted to investigate the comparative efficacy of two probiotics of different origins (yeast and bacterial based) on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers chicken. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Purnea between January, 2020 to March, 2020. Methods: Two hundred and forty, day old chicks were kept and were randomly divided into 4 groups (A, B, C and D) and each group had 2 replicates of 20 chicks. Four (A, B, C and D) iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous (ME 3000 kcal/ kg and CP 21.56%) broiler starter and finisher (ME 3000 kcal/ kg and CP 18.75%) diets were formulated containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus cereus toyoi and mixture of both @ 0.2% except group A which was control. Birds were raised for first week on commercial diet. Broiler starter and finisher diets were fed from 8-28 and 29-42 days, respectively. Results: A significant (P<0.05) effect was observed on overall performance of the birds fed diet containing probiotics. Probiotics in feed at 0.2% Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation improved body weight gain (+12.7%), feed intake (3.8%) and feed conversion efficiency (-8.7%) compared with the control diet. Among groups, no significant differences were observed in carcass traits but highest dressing percentage was recorded in group-B followed by group-C than group-D and lowest in control group. Conclusion: The result indicated that the addition of probiotics in feed containing 0.2% Saccharomyces cerevisiae improved broiler growth performances and it is beneficial to be used as supplement in feed of broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Growth Performance and Intestinal Morphometric Features of Broiler Chickens Fed on Dietary Inclusion of Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio Molitor), Larvae Powder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadi Sedgh-Gooya ◽  
Mehran Torki ◽  
Maryam Darbemamieh ◽  
Hassan Khamisabadi ◽  
Alireza Abdolmohamadi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Remarkable Effect

Abstract Climate change and the lack of conventional feed ingredients have made edible insects a highly nutritious alternative to feed production. The use of insects as food may help solve socio-economic and environmental problems around the world and be in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. In this study, the growth performance and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens were evaluated under the influence of adding different levels of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal (TM meal) to their diets. One hundred eighty day-old broiler chickens were divided into 3 treatments and 5 replications (12 chickens/pen). The experimental diets included a control diet and treatments containing 2.5 and 5% TM meal, which were fed to birds in the starter (0-10 days) and grower (11-25 days) stages, and during the final period (26-42 days), all birds were fed a regular finisher diet. The results showed that the diet containing TM meal had no remarkable effect on the mortality rate and feed intake (FI) of broilers (P > 0.05). In the period of starter, the addition of 2.5% TM meal to broilers diet increased body weight gain (BWG) than the control group (P £ 0.05). Also, the use of 2.5% TM meal in the starter period showed a significant effect on reducing the feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the birds fed by the control diet (P £ 0.05). Besides, the height of the villus, the depth of the crypt, and the ratio of them were not altered among the different treatments (P > 0.05). Overall, it can be concluded that TM meal could improve growth performance in the starter period, and had no negative effects on broilers' performance and intestinal morphology in all the periods of the experiment.

Effects of feeding Isomaltooligosaccharides on the growth performance, carcass traits and immune response of broiler chickens

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Khalid M. Gaafar
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Flu Vaccine ◽  
Lipids Profile

The research was conducted to study the effect of feeding broiler chickens on diets containing isomaltooligosaccharides on the growth performance, carcass traits and immune response. 90-one day old broiler chicks were used according to completely randomized two treatment groups and one control, 30 birds each. Birds fed ad-libitum on basal starter and grower-finisher diets for 35 day. Diets of treatment`s groups contained 0.5 g/Kg and 1 g/Kg of Isomaltooligosaccharides, while the control group fed on the basal diets without Isomaltooligosaccharides supplementation. Dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with Isomaltooligosaccharides improved body weight, feed conversion, carcass traits, two lymphoid organs weight and log antibody titer against avian flu vaccine. Most of the highest values were for birds fed low levels of Isomaltooligosaccharides. Feed intake decreases as Isomaltooligosaccharides level increases. Dietary supplementation with Isomaltooligosaccharides did not affect the lipids profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL), however the blood VLDL levels decreased with increased levels of Malondialdehyde and Glutathione reductase. Collectively, Dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with 0.5 g/Kg diet of Isomaltooligosaccharides improved growth performance, carcass traits and immune status.

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