scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of Wildlife Shelter Management on the Genetic Diversity of Erinaceus europaeus and E. roumanicus in Their Contact Zone

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Ploi ◽  
Manuel Curto ◽  
Barbora Černá Bolfíková ◽  
Miroslava Loudová ◽  
Pavel Hulva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Erinaceus Europaeus ◽  
Dispersal Barrier ◽  
Distance Analysis ◽  
Genetic Impact ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

Hedgehogs are among the most abundant species to be found within wildlife shelters and after successful rehabilitation they are frequently translocated. The effects and potential impact of these translocations on gene flow within wild populations are largely unknown. In this study, different wild hedgehog populations were compared with artificially created “shelter populations”, with regard to their genetic diversity, in order to establish basic data for future inferences on the genetic impact of hedgehog translocations. Observed populations are located within central Europe, including the species Erinaceus europaeus and E. roumanicus. Shelters were mainly hosting one species; in one case, both species were present syntopically. Apart from one exception, the results did not show a higher genetic diversity within shelter populations, indicating that individuals did not originate from a wider geographical area than individuals grouped into one of the wild populations. Two shelters from Innsbruck hosted individuals that belonged to two potential clusters, as indicated in a distance analysis. When such a structure stems from the effects of landscape elements like large rivers, the shelter management-related translocations might lead to homogenization across the dispersal barrier.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure and Pod Morphology of Inga edulis Cultivated vs. Wild Populations from the Peruvian Amazon

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandr Rollo ◽  
Maria M. Ribeiro ◽  
Rita L. Costa ◽  
Carmen Santos ◽  
Zoyla M. Clavo P. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Inga Edulis ◽  
Loss Of Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cultivated Populations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pod Length

Research Highlights: This study assesses the genetic diversity and structure of the ice-cream-bean (Inga edulis Mart.; Fabaceae) in wild and cultivated populations from the Peruvian Amazon. This research also highlights the importance of protecting the biodiversity of the forest in the Peruvian Amazon, to preserve the genetic resources of species and allow further genetic improvement. Background and Objectives: Ice-cream-bean is one of the most commonly used species in the Amazon region for its fruits and for shading protection of other species (e.g., cocoa and coffee plantations). Comprehensive studies about the impact of domestication on this species’ genetic diversity are needed, to find the best conservation and improvement strategies. Materials and Methods: In the current study, the genetic structure and diversity were assessed by genotyping 259 trees, sampled in five wild and 22 cultivated I. edulis populations in the Peruvian Amazon, with microsatellite markers. Pod length was measured in wild and cultivated trees. Results: The average pod length in cultivated trees was significantly higher than that in wild trees. The expected genetic diversity and the average number of alleles was higher in the wild compared to the cultivated populations; thus, a loss of genetic diversity was confirmed in the cultivated populations. The cultivated trees in the Loreto region had the highest pod length and lowest allelic richness; nevertheless, the wild populations’ genetic structure was not clearly differentiated (significantly different) from that of the cultivated populations. Conclusions: A loss of genetic diversity was confirmed in the cultivated populations. The species could have been simultaneously domesticated in multiple locations, usually from local origin. The original I. edulis Amazonian germplasm should be maintained. Cultivated populations’ new germplasm influx from wild populations should be undertaken to increase genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in wild populations of the restinga ecotype of the cashew (Anacardium occidentale) in coastal Piauí, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 305 (10) ◽  
pp. 913-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juelina O. dos Santos ◽  
Simon J. Mayo ◽  
Cleiton B. Bittencourt ◽  
Ivanilza M. de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Population Genetic Diversity ◽  
Probable Gene

Abstract The cashew, Anacardium occidentale, is a globally important tropical fruit tree, but little is known about its natural infraspecific systematics. Wild Brazilian populations occur in the cerrado biome and coastal restinga vegetation. We investigated whether wild coastal and domesticated populations could be distinguished genetically using inter-simple repeat molecular markers (ISSRs). In total, 94 polymorphic loci from five primers were used to characterise genetic diversity, structure and differentiation in four wild restinga populations and four domesticated ones from eight localities in Piauí state (30 individuals per population). Genetic diversity was greater overall in wild (%P: 57.2%, I: 0.24, He : 0.15) than domesticated populations (%P: 49.5%, I: 0.19, He : 0.12). Significant structure was observed among the eight populations (between-population variance 22%, ΦPT = 0.217, P ≥ 0.001), but only weak distinctions between wild and domesticated groups. Cluster and principal coordinate analyses showed marked genetic disparity in populations. No correlation of genetic and geographical inter-population distance was found (Mantel test, r = 0.02032, P = 0.4436). Bayesian analysis found an eight-group optimal model (ΔK = 50.2, K = 8), which mostly corresponded to sampled populations. Wild populations show strong genetic heterogeneity within a small geographical area despite probable gene flow between them. Within-population genetic diversity of wild plants varied considerably and was lower where extractive activities by local people are most intense (Labino population). The study underlines the importance of wild populations as in situ genetic reserves and the urgent need for further studies to support their conservation.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity, structure, and kinship analysis of Trachemys venusta venusta in Wildlife Management Units and wild populations in south Mexico. Implications for conservation and management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsi B. Recino-Reyes ◽  
Julia M. Lesher-Gordillo ◽  
Salima Machkour-M’Rabet ◽  
Manuel I. Gallardo-Alvárez ◽  
Claudia E. Zenteno-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Freshwater Turtle ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Kinship Analysis ◽  
Management Units ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe Meso-American slider turtle (Trachemys venusta) is a freshwater turtle endemic to Mexico and Central America. Due to the overexploitation of its natural populations, it is in the at risk category formulated by the Official Mexican Standard NOM-059-ECOL-2010. In the state of Tabasco, Management Units for the Conservation of Wildlife (UMA) were created to reduce the impact of overexploitation of freshwater turtles. However, no genetic management plan was considered. This study presents the level of genetic diversity of the founder individuals in order to develop a management plan which will optimize reproduction in the UMA. Genetic diversity was compared between captive (n = 45) and wild (n = 86) individuals using 14 microsatellite molecular markers. Level of genetic diversity could be considered as low (He < 0.6) for a species of turtle and suggests that a higher level of protection is required for this particular species. Furthermore, values were slightly higher for the captive group reflecting the mix of genetic sources (founding individuals from different localities) and demonstrating that the captive population is genetically representative of natural populations. The genetic structure analysis revealed a relationship between captive and wild populations, indicating the influence of the two principal river basins in this region on the population of freshwater turtles. Finally, according to the results obtained from the analysis conducted using Storm and ML-Relate programs, we recommend the use of 19 females and 13 males, generating a potential of 247 dyads with no relationship. These first results of genetic management in a Mexican UMA, demonstrate the importance of molecular approaches at the time of managing and conserving species in captivity.

Genetic diversity among five wild populations of Portunus trituberculatus

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1327-1334
Author(s):  
Xiaoping LI ◽  
Ping LIU ◽  
Jian LI ◽  
Baoquan GAO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Portunus Trituberculatus ◽  
Wild Populations

Microsatellite analysis of genetic diversity in 3 wild populations of Exopalaemon carinicauda

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1819
Author(s):  
Shuwen JIA ◽  
Ping LIU ◽  
Jian LI ◽  
Jitao LI ◽  
Baoquan GAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Analysis ◽  
Exopalaemon Carinicauda ◽  
Wild Populations

Microsatellite analysis on genetic diversity of seven wild populations of Scylla paramamosain in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 977-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao-an SHU ◽  
Yu-fang ZHOU ◽  
Xiao-yu ZHU ◽  
Xiao-feng ZHAO ◽  
Xiao-ling GUO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Analysis ◽  
Scylla Paramamosain ◽  
Wild Populations

From Silent Spring to The Frog of War

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Skelly
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Rachel Carson ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Silent Spring ◽  
The World ◽  
History Information ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
The Impact

This chapter presents two examples to demonstrate that natural history is the necessary basis of any reliable understanding of the world. More than a half century ago, Rachel Carson revolutionized the public’s view of pesticides. The foundation of her success was the careful use of natural history data, collated from across North America. The examples she assembled left little doubt that DDT and other pesticides were causing a widespread decline in birds. More recently, the case for the impact of atrazine on wildlife was based on laboratory experiments, without the advantage of natural history observations. For atrazine, natural history observations now suggest that other chemical agents are more likely to be responsible for feminization of wildlife populations. Developing expectations for scientists to collect natural history information can help to avoid over-extrapolating lab results to wild populations, a tendency often seen when those lab results conform to preconceptions about chemicals in the environment.

scholarly journals Trends in genetic diversity and the effect of inbreeding in American Angus cattle under genomic selection

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel A. Lozada-Soto ◽  
Christian Maltecca ◽  
Duc Lu ◽  
Stephen Miller ◽  
John B. Cole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
Genomic Inbreeding ◽  
Chromosome Segments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background While the adoption of genomic evaluations in livestock has increased genetic gain rates, its effects on genetic diversity and accumulation of inbreeding have raised concerns in cattle populations. Increased inbreeding may affect fitness and decrease the mean performance for economically important traits, such as fertility and growth in beef cattle, with the age of inbreeding having a possible effect on the magnitude of inbreeding depression. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in genetic diversity as a result of the implementation of genomic selection in Angus cattle and quantify potential inbreeding depression effects of total pedigree and genomic inbreeding, and also to investigate the impact of recent and ancient inbreeding. Results We found that the yearly rate of inbreeding accumulation remained similar in sires and decreased significantly in dams since the implementation of genomic selection. Other measures such as effective population size and the effective number of chromosome segments show little evidence of a detrimental effect of using genomic selection strategies on the genetic diversity of beef cattle. We also quantified pedigree and genomic inbreeding depression for fertility and growth. While inbreeding did not affect fertility, an increase in pedigree or genomic inbreeding was associated with decreased birth weight, weaning weight, and post-weaning gain in both sexes. We also measured the impact of the age of inbreeding and found that recent inbreeding had a larger depressive effect on growth than ancient inbreeding. Conclusions In this study, we sought to quantify and understand the possible consequences of genomic selection on the genetic diversity of American Angus cattle. In both sires and dams, we found that, generally, genomic selection resulted in decreased rates of pedigree and genomic inbreeding accumulation and increased or sustained effective population sizes and number of independently segregating chromosome segments. We also found significant depressive effects of inbreeding accumulation on economically important growth traits, particularly with genomic and recent inbreeding.

scholarly journals Conventional and Organic Honeys as a Source of Water- and Ethanol Soluble Molecules with Nutritional and Antioxidant Characteristics

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3746
Author(s):  
Magdalena Polak-Śliwińska ◽  
Małgorzata Tańska
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

The benefits of natural honeybee products (e.g., honey, royal jelly, beeswax, propolis, beevenom and pollen) to the immune system are remarkable, and many of them are involved in the induction of antibody production, maturation of immune cells and stimulation of the immune system. The type of plants in the geographical area, climatic conditions and production method have a significantly influence on the nutritional quality of honey. However, this variability can influence consumer liking by the sensory attributes of the product. The aim of this work was to compare the most popular honeys from Poland in terms of nutritional value, organoleptic properties and antioxidant activity. In the study, five varieties of honey (honeydew, forest, buckwheat, linden and dandelion) from conventional and organic production methods were tested. The nutritional characteristics of honey samples included acidity, content of water, sugars, vitamin C, HMF and phenolics (total and flavonoids), while honey color, taste, aroma and consistency were investigated in the organoleptic characteristics. The antioxidant activity was determined in water- and ethanol-soluble honey extracts using DPPH and ORAC tests. The results showed that organoleptic and nutritional characteristics of popular Polish honeys differ significantly in relation to plant source and production method. The significant effect of honey variety on the content of HMF, saccharose and phenolics, as well as acidity and antioxidant capacity were noted. The impact of variety and variety × production method interaction was significant in the case of the content of vitamin C, glucose and fructose. A visible difference of buckwheat and forest honeys from other samples was observed. The highest content of total phenolics with antioxidant activity based on the SET mechanism was found in buckwheat honeys, while forest honeys were richer in flavonoids.

scholarly journals Impact of temperature and relative humidity on the transmission of COVID-19: a modelling study in China and the United States

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e043863
Author(s):  
Jingyuan Wang ◽  
Ke Tang ◽  
Kai Feng ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
Weifeng Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesWe aim to assess the impact of temperature and relative humidity on the transmission of COVID-19 across communities after accounting for community-level factors such as demographics, socioeconomic status and human mobility status.DesignA retrospective cross-sectional regression analysis via the Fama-MacBeth procedure is adopted.SettingWe use the data for COVID-19 daily symptom-onset cases for 100 Chinese cities and COVID-19 daily confirmed cases for 1005 US counties.ParticipantsA total of 69 498 cases in China and 740 843 cases in the USA are used for calculating the effective reproductive numbers.Primary outcome measuresRegression analysis of the impact of temperature and relative humidity on the effective reproductive number (R value).ResultsStatistically significant negative correlations are found between temperature/relative humidity and the effective reproductive number (R value) in both China and the USA.ConclusionsHigher temperature and higher relative humidity potentially suppress the transmission of COVID-19. Specifically, an increase in temperature by 1°C is associated with a reduction in the R value of COVID-19 by 0.026 (95% CI (−0.0395 to −0.0125)) in China and by 0.020 (95% CI (−0.0311 to −0.0096)) in the USA; an increase in relative humidity by 1% is associated with a reduction in the R value by 0.0076 (95% CI (−0.0108 to −0.0045)) in China and by 0.0080 (95% CI (−0.0150 to −0.0010)) in the USA. Therefore, the potential impact of temperature/relative humidity on the effective reproductive number alone is not strong enough to stop the pandemic.

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