scholarly journals Behavioural Patterns and Postnatal Development in Pups of the Asian Parti-Coloured Bat, Vespertilio sinensis

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1325
Author(s):  
Deyi Sun ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Zhongwei Yin ◽  
Kangkang Zhang ◽  
Heng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Development ◽  
Developmental Status ◽  
Flight Behaviour ◽  
Play Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Neurophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Scaled Mass Index

Behavioural development is an important aspect of research on animal behaviour. In bats, many studies have been conducted on the development of flight behaviour, but the postnatal behavioural development of bats remains largely unexplored. We studied the behaviours and postnatal development of infant bats by conducting controlled video recorded experiments. Our results showed that before weaning, Asian parti-coloured bats (Vespertilio sinensis) were able to exhibit four types of behaviours, namely, crawling, head moving, wing flapping, and wing spreading, and these behaviours are different from those observed in experiments with adult bats. The number of occurrences of these behaviours was correlated with age and scaled mass index. Furthermore, the number of occurrences of these behaviours in young bats could also reflect their physical developmental status. In young bats, wing flapping and spreading might be a type of play behaviour. These behaviours were negatively correlated with the time of the first flight, indicating that they might help to promote individual physical development. Our results provide fundamental data for revealing the ontogenetic and neurophysiological mechanisms of behavioural development in bats.

Ontogénèse du comportement de l'Ecureuil roux (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus)

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1090-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Ferron
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Behavioural Development

A detailed analysis of the behavioural development of the red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) from birth to weaning is presented. For each behaviour pattern, the earliest and latest ages of emergence in a series of 14 young (from three litters) were registered and a mean was calculated. A review of the principal events of physical development is given first. The ontogeny of behaviour is then considered under five headings: locomotion, alertness and exploration, feeding, comfort, and social interactions. In the discussion, a general analysis of the development of behaviour with regard to the different periods of ontogeny (neonatal period, transition period, and socialization period) and the two leading events of the early life of the red squirrel (emergence from the nest and weaning) is given. It appears that the young are equipped with a minimum of behaviour patterns during the period of nest confinement and that close to emergence, a series of new behaviours come into effect with the exception of locomotion, which evolves gradually and regularly during ontogeny.

Stone handling, an object play behaviour in macaques: welfare and neurological health implications of a bio-culturally driven tradition

Behaviour ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 153 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 845-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charmalie A.D. Nahallage ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Leca ◽  
Michael A. Huffman
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Japanese Macaques ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Object Play ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Play Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Functional Purpose

Object play in primates is viewed as generally having no immediate functional purpose, limited for the most part to immature individuals. At the proximate level, the occurrence of object play in immatures is regarded as being intrinsically self-rewarding, with the ultimate function of supporting motoneuronal development and the acquisition of skills necessary to prepare them for survival as adults. Stone handling (SH), a solitary object play behaviour occurs, and has been studied, in multiple free-ranging and captive troops of provisioned Japanese macaques, as well as rhesus and long-tailed macaques for over 35 years now. A review of our combined findings from these observations reveal that infants acquire SH in the first 3-4 months of life and exhibit increasingly more complex and varied behavioural patterns with age. The longitudinal data shows that many individuals maintain this activity throughout life, practicing it under relaxed ecological and social conditions. The ultimate function may be bimodal, promoting motor development in young and neural maintenance and regeneration in adult and aging individuals.

scholarly journals Robert Aubrey Hinde CBE. 26 October 1923—23 December 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 151-177
Author(s):  
Patrick Bateson ◽  
Joan Stevenson-Hinde ◽  
Tim Clutton-Brock
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Academic Life ◽  
Behavioural Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
High Regard ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Robert Hinde led the study of animal behaviour for much of his long working life, drawing on his expertise in zoology and ethology to build bridges with psychology, psychiatry and the social sciences. He pioneered the application of a quantitative scientific approach to observations of behaviour, making important contributions to understanding underlying mechanisms, behavioural development and the dynamics of relationships between individuals. His influence on the field of animal behaviour was deep and pervasive, he was held in exceptionally high regard by others and his students and their students occupy many key positions in behavioural studies today. He went on to develop a science of personal relationships in humans, ranging from child development to the nature of aggression. Robert's dedication to research was combined with a commitment to promoting peace, including key roles in the Pugwash Conferences in Science and World Affairs. In retirement, he applied his ethological perspective to writing on the origins of religion and morality, the bases of war, and our culture of greed. Throughout his academic life he was a devoted member of St John's College, Cambridge—serving as teaching fellow, tutor and eventually Master.

Comparative Aspects of Behavioural Development in Two Species of Free-Living Hyrax

Behaviour ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 95 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 87-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Caro ◽  
R.M. Alawi
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
The Other ◽  
Behavioural Development ◽  
Serengeti National Park ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Play Behaviour ◽  
Species Activity ◽  
Rocky Outcrops

AbstractFour measures of play behaviour of two species of sympatrically living hyrax Heterohyrax brucei and Procavia johnstoni, were studied on three rocky outcrops or kopjes in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. The amount of play shown by young of both species, born in 1981, declined during the study. Procavia played at a significantly higher rate than did Heterohyrax throughout this period. This was true even after differences in species' activity were taken into account. Procavia did not show higher rates of behaviour because they had more conspecifics with which to interact. The young of both species of hyrax played with members of the other species; Procavia significantly more so than Heterohyrax. The high rates of interspecific play in Procavia could be explained by their relatively low numbers compared to Heterohyrax on one kopje, but on the other two kopjes they appeared to actively seek out interactions with Heterohyrax. Interspecific differences in the behaviour of young of the two hyrax species were then related to interspecific differences in their adult behaviour. Adult Procavia exhibited higher scores than adult Heterohyrax on three measures of behaviour, reflecting corresponding differences in the play of the young of these species. These differences were found even when adult behavioural scores had been standardised for activity. Furthermore, adult Procavia showed more interspecific behaviour than adult Heterohyrax; a result similar to that found in the play of the young of the two species of hyrax.

scholarly journals pamlr: a toolbox for analysing animal behaviour using pressure, acceleration, temperature, magnetic and light data in R

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran L Dhanjal-Adams ◽  
Astrid Willener ◽  
Felix Liechti
Keyword(s):  
Error Estimation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
Data Visualisation ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Technological Developments

Light-level geolocators have revolutionised the study of animal behaviour. However, lacking precision, they cannot be used to infer behaviour beyond large-scale movements. Recent technological developments have allowed the integration of barometers, magnetometers, accelerometers and thermometers into geolocator tags, offering new insights into the behaviour of species which were previously impossible to tag. Here, we introduce an R toolbox for identifying behavioural patterns from multisensor geolocator tags, with functions specifically designed for data visualisation, calibration, classification and error estimation. Some functions are also tailored for identifying specific behavioural patterns in birds (most common geolocators-tagged species), but are flexible for other applications. Finally, we highlight opportunities for applying this toolbox to other species beyond birds, the behaviours they might identify and their potential applications beyond behavioural analyses.

Paternal exposure to bupropion affects postnatal development in the offspring

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1539
Author(s):  
E. S. A. M. Sanches ◽  
F. Tsuzuki ◽  
F. Joinhas ◽  
G. B. Figueiras ◽  
E. G. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Anogenital Distance ◽  
Paternal Exposure ◽  
Noradrenaline Reuptake ◽  
Drug Naïve

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether paternal exposure to bupropion hydrochloride (BUP), an inhibitor of dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake, would affect the postnatal development of offspring. Male mice were divided into a BUP-treated (40mgkg−1day−1 by gavage, 45 days) or control (saline by gavage, 45 days) group (n=20 in each group). From Day 35 to Day 45 of treatment, males were allowed to mate with drug-naïve female mice. Postnatal development of the offspring (both sexes) was evaluated from Postnatal day (PND) 1 to PND60. Physical development parameters (weight gain, body length, incisor eruption, pinna detachment), anogenital distance, vaginal opening, reflexes (palmar grasp, surface righting, negative geotaxis and adult gait) and some behavioural parameters (locomotor activity and anxiety-like behaviour) were altered in the offspring of BUP-treated males. The results demonstrate that paternal exposure to BUP induces long-lasting changes in the postnatal development of the offspring.

scholarly journals Who Plays With Whom: Farrowing Environment Influences Isolation of Foster Piglets in Play

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine M. Clarkson ◽  
Emma M. Baxter ◽  
Jessica E. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Degree Centrality ◽  
Play Behaviour ◽  
Social Affiliations ◽  
Cross Fostering

Cross fostering piglets is a common management practise in the pig industry to manage large and heterogeneous litters, whereby piglets are moved from their biological litter to be reared by another sow. At present research has focused on immediate survival consequences and time of cross fostering, with little attention given to positive aspects of welfare such as social affiliations and the potential for positive interactions for these piglets such as play behaviour. The focus of our study was purely observational to record behaviour of piglets reared in either impoverished (farrowing crates) or enriched neonatal environments (PigSAFE pens) where fostering was practised as part of normal husbandry routines to promote piglet survival. We employed social network analysis to understand more about the behaviour of foster piglets in these environments and their acceptance into their new litter. In line with previous work, piglets exposed to enriched neonatal farrowing pens demonstrated more play behaviour than piglets reared in farrowing crates. We showed that pen piglets received and initiated more play invitations (higher degree centrality) than piglets in crates. We also found effects of cross fostering irrespective of neonatal environment. Non-foster piglets received and initiated more play behaviours (higher degree centrality) 2–3 weeks post-farrowing compared to piglets fostered into the litter and as such, fostered piglets remained isolated from play for the first few weeks of life. However, our data suggests this may be mitigated by neonatal environment; foster piglets reared in pens were better connected (betweenness centrality) within their foster litter than those fostered in crates. Our findings highlight the importance of the neonatal environment and its potential influence on the isolation of cross-fostered piglets and suggest that rearing in enriched neonatal environments may help mitigate against social isolation in early life of cross-fostered piglets, having obvious immediate, and long-term consequences for piglet welfare and behaviour. We also highlight the importance and application of methodologies such as social network analysis, for gaining more insight and understanding about the sociality of animal behaviour and its potential for measuring indicators of positive welfare, thus highlighting its application for veterinary science and animal behaviour and welfare research.

Short-term effects of prepubertal ovariohysterectomy on skeletal, physical and behavioural development of dogs up to 24 weeks of age

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sontas ◽  
H. Ekici
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Gonadal Hormone ◽  
Behavioural Development ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Group Ii

This study investigated the effects of ovariohysterectomy performed at 10 weeks of age on body weight, behaviour, bone length, serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations and gonadal hormone (progesterone and oestradiol) levels until 24 weeks of age in 31 clinically healthy mixed-breed female puppies. The littermates were randomly assigned to three groups. Group I (n = 11) was completely ovariohysterectomised, Group II (n = 10) was incompletely ovariohysterectomised with one ovary left intact, and Group III (n = 10) was sham operated. No significant differences were found between the groups for any of the parameters evaluated. It was determined that, except for two measurements of two animals in Group II at 20 and 24 weeks of age, all animals had undetectable concentrations of oestradiol 17-β. These findings suggest that an ovariohysterectomy performed on a mixed-breed dog at 10 weeks of age does not affect her skeletal, behavioural or physical development in the period studied, i.e. until 24 weeks of age.

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